高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法-NMET 英語(yǔ)閱讀理解解題指導(dǎo)之二

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　　NMET 英語(yǔ)閱讀理解解題指導(dǎo)之二

　　　　　　　 2)Farmers are paid not to grow crops．

　　 In India: Most land is owned by rich land owners．

　　 In less developed countries: Farmers are forced to plant cash crops．

　　 In western countries: Grain is fed to beef cattle．

　　　　四、邏輯推理，做好深層理解題

　　　　在實(shí)際閱讀中，有時(shí)作者并未把意圖說(shuō)出來(lái)，閱讀者要根據(jù)字面意思，通過(guò)語(yǔ)篇邏輯關(guān)系，研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章的寓義。這就是通常所說(shuō)的深層理解。深層理解題主要包括歸納概括題（中心思想，加標(biāo)題等）和推理判斷題，是閱讀理解中的難點(diǎn)。深層理解是一種創(chuàng)造性的思維活動(dòng)。它必須忠實(shí)于原文，要以文章提供的事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù)，立足已知推斷未知，不能憑空想象，隨意揣測(cè)；它要求讀者對(duì)文字的表面信息進(jìn)行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理，不能就事論事，以偏概全。只有吃透文章的字面意思，推理才有前提和基礎(chǔ)。推理題在題干中常用的詞有：infer, imply, suggest,indicate等。

　　例如：

　　Annealing

　　　　Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly． If metal is heated and then cooled very quickly? for example by dipping(浸) it in water, it will be very hard but also very brittlethat is, it will break easily． Metal that has been annealed is soft but does not break as easily． It is possible to make metal as hard or as soft as is wished by annealing it． The metal is heated, and allowed to cool slowly for a certain length of time． The longer the heated metal takes to cool slowly, the softer it becomes． Annealing can also be used on other material, such as glass．

　　 1．Why do people put hot metal in water﹖

　　 A．To make it hard． B．To make it soft．

　　 C．To make it cool． D．To make it brittle．

　　 2．In annealing, the required hardness of metal depends on＿＿＿＿．

　　 A．the quantity of water used B．the temperature of the metal

　　 C．the softness of the metal D．the timing of the operation

　　 3．As suggested by the text, how can glass be made less brittle﹖

　　 A．It can be heated and then cooled quickly．

　　 B．It can be cooled and then heated slowly．

　　 C．It can be heated and then cooled slowly．

　　 D．It can be cooled and then heated quickly．

　　　　1．答案為A。此題屬推斷歸納題。文中第二句說(shuō)如果把金屬加熱，然后迅速放到水里冷卻，它就會(huì)變得非常硬，但也變得很脆。hard 是工藝的主觀目的。 brittle 是伴隨的客觀結(jié)果，故選A而不選D。B項(xiàng)明顯錯(cuò)誤；C項(xiàng)是手段不是目的，因此，均可排除。

　　　　2．答案為D。此題屬概括歸納題。timing是時(shí)間的選擇。本答案的依據(jù)是第5和第6兩句，The metal is heated? ．．． length of time．， The longer．．． the softer it becomes． cool的時(shí)間是可以控制的，時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)越 soft，即硬度就越低。由此我們可得出結(jié)論：在退火過(guò)程中，金屬的硬度是受冷卻時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)短影響的。