淺談雅思閱讀多選題的同題異做

　　雅思閱讀考試中的多項(xiàng)選擇題通常不大會(huì)像是非無判斷題或Summary題型那樣奪人眼球,賺足口水,引發(fā)雅思考生的大肆討論,因?yàn)樵诟鞣N考試中,多項(xiàng)選擇題都是會(huì)經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的題型之一,這對(duì)考生來說早已司空見慣.這也導(dǎo)致教師在授課過程中較難令學(xué)生充分關(guān)注這種題型,既然這種題型對(duì)學(xué)生來講早已爛熟于心,沒有挑戰(zhàn).此時(shí)教師可引導(dǎo)學(xué)生注意到一個(gè)事實(shí):答題的正確率低.依筆者之見,如果考生能在題型特點(diǎn)上多些思考,根據(jù)具體多選題的不同特點(diǎn)調(diào)整解題步驟,同題異做,便可望在解題速度及正確率方面大有改觀,本文中,對(duì)如何快速高效地應(yīng)對(duì)多選題淺議一二.

　　雅思閱讀中的多選題包括多選一和多選多,題目均由2部分構(gòu)成:題干和選項(xiàng).在4選1的題型中,題干通常可分為2類:general/ specific.前者題干的內(nèi)容所指一般較寬泛,籠統(tǒng),典型的如:What is the writers main point?/ In the first paragraph the writer makes the point that blind people.如果考生按照傳統(tǒng)做法依此意到原文中尋找,往往耗時(shí)耗力,結(jié)果卻未免正確,明智的做法是先將下面的4個(gè)選項(xiàng)一一讀過,并留意它們的核心意義,和彼此之間的區(qū)別,以利于接下來的甄別和判斷,然后再到文章中對(duì)應(yīng);另外一種比較specific的題干恰恰相反,是指題干的內(nèi)容所指相對(duì)較具體,這時(shí)則無需讀下面的選項(xiàng)了,因?yàn)橐皆闹腥ふ业膬?nèi)容已然清楚了,多讀選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容就顯得意義不大了,反而會(huì)耗去一些時(shí)間.兩種答題步驟迥異完全因題干不同而來,目的則都是為了更快更準(zhǔn)確地答題.

　　下面試舉例說明:

　　在劍橋真題系列IV中,Question 27/ Test 1:

　　Choose the correct letter, A,B,C or D.

　　27. In the first paragraph the writer makes the point that blind people

　　A. may be interested in studying art.

　　B. can draw outlines of different objects and surfaces.

　　C. can recognize conventions such as perspective.

　　D. can draw accurately.

　　初看下來,題干中的blind people似是詳細(xì)信息,但考生應(yīng)很快意識(shí)到,全文的題目即是Visual Symbols and the Blind,既如此,blind people就算不得能夠幫助定位的詳細(xì)信息,這樣,題干就成為對(duì)第一段的主旨大意的考核,這時(shí)考生應(yīng)該了解其難度,避開閱讀首段,轉(zhuǎn)而瀏覽A,B,C,D四選項(xiàng),并短時(shí)記憶4個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞或詞組.按照常理,大體可排除A和D,若最終的判斷只是在B和D兩項(xiàng)之見進(jìn)行,就簡單得多了.

　　來到原文首段,首句就揭示了答案:

　　From a number of recent studies, it has become clear that blind people can appreciate the use of outlines and perspectives to describe the arrangement of objects and other surfaces in space.

　　可知答案是C.

　　再看下例:劍橋真題系列V, Question 33/ Test 1.

　　Choose the correct letter, A,B,C or D.

　　33. What aspect of scientific research does the writer express concern about in paragraph 4?

　　A. the need to produce results

　　B. the lack of financial support

　　C. the selection of areas to research

　　D. the desire to solve every research problem

　　題干中能令考生感覺詳細(xì)一點(diǎn)的也就只是 scientific research了,不過,依照它找到paragraph 4,發(fā)現(xiàn)只讀和scientific research有關(guān)的句子還是無法作答,首句中的One is the lopsidedness built into scientific research.并不能令考生得知偏頗的具體內(nèi)容,而第二句:Scientific funding goes mainly to areas with many problems.又容易讓考生誤解為B也可能成為正確答案,從而在B和C之間舉棋不定,難以取舍,因?yàn)樵擃}其實(shí)是在考核對(duì)全段的綜合理解能力,題干中的scientific research并不能認(rèn)為是一個(gè)詳細(xì)信息點(diǎn),既然在句尾出現(xiàn)了in paragraph 4.

　　此時(shí),題干應(yīng)被判斷為是general類的,依照前文所述,先讀A,B,C,D四個(gè)選項(xiàng).從A與D的內(nèi)容雷同來看,可以排除這2者的正確性,因?yàn)檎_答案是唯一的;在B與C之間,它們的差異是非常明顯的.這時(shí)只需謹(jǐn)記financial和area,帶著問題去讀指定段落,任務(wù)就顯得輕松多了,由段落中的第二句和末句可知答案是C.

　　對(duì)于多項(xiàng)選當(dāng)中的選標(biāo)題類的題目來說,運(yùn)用此種方法能夠極大程度地減低難度.下面謹(jǐn)舉一例說明:

　　Question 14/ Test 1/ Cambridge IV:

　　Choose the correct letter A,B,C or D.

　　Which of the following is the most suitable title for Reading Passage 1?

　　A. The development of a programme in environmental studies within a science curriculum

　　B. Childrens ideas about the rainforests and the implications for course design

　　C. The extent to which children have been misled by the media concerning the rainforests

　　D. How to collect, collate and describe the ideas of secondary school children

　　E. The importance of the rainforests and the reasons for their destruction

　　這是一道極為有挑戰(zhàn)的對(duì)全片文章的主旨大意的考核,難度可想而知,不過若從讀選項(xiàng)入手,情況似乎出現(xiàn)了極為巧妙的轉(zhuǎn)機(jī).

　　A選項(xiàng)是要被排除掉的,因?yàn)檎麄€(gè)statement竟然沒有涉及全篇的核心話題rainforests,錯(cuò)誤顯而易見.D選項(xiàng)因?yàn)橥瑯渝e(cuò)誤也被排除.E選項(xiàng)中的importance和 reasons只是文中提及的5個(gè)問題之2,而這5個(gè)問題應(yīng)該是并列的關(guān)系,從邏輯上講,錯(cuò)誤是很明顯的.這樣就余下B和C作為最后抉擇的選項(xiàng),注意二者的不同之處,implications和 misled.這時(shí)回原文中尋找,在第三段出現(xiàn)了:The aim of the present study is to start to provide such information, to help teachers design their educational strategies to而C選項(xiàng)始終無從談起,在文中沒有有力的支持.正確答案是 B。

　　雅思閱讀考試中的多項(xiàng)選擇題通常不大會(huì)像是非無判斷題或Summary題型那樣奪人眼球,賺足口水,引發(fā)雅思考生的大肆討論,因?yàn)樵诟鞣N考試中,多項(xiàng)選擇題都是會(huì)經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的題型之一,這對(duì)考生來說早已司空見慣.這也導(dǎo)致教師在授課過程中較難令學(xué)生充分關(guān)注這種題型,既然這種題型對(duì)學(xué)生來講早已爛熟于心,沒有挑戰(zhàn).此時(shí)教師可引導(dǎo)學(xué)生注意到一個(gè)事實(shí):答題的正確率低.依筆者之見,如果考生能在題型特點(diǎn)上多些思考,根據(jù)具體多選題的不同特點(diǎn)調(diào)整解題步驟,同題異做,便可望在解題速度及正確率方面大有改觀,本文中,對(duì)如何快速高效地應(yīng)對(duì)多選題淺議一二.

　　雅思閱讀中的多選題包括多選一和多選多,題目均由2部分構(gòu)成:題干和選項(xiàng).在4選1的題型中,題干通常可分為2類:general/ specific.前者題干的內(nèi)容所指一般較寬泛,籠統(tǒng),典型的如:What is the writers main point?/ In the first paragraph the writer makes the point that blind people.如果考生按照傳統(tǒng)做法依此意到原文中尋找,往往耗時(shí)耗力,結(jié)果卻未免正確,明智的做法是先將下面的4個(gè)選項(xiàng)一一讀過,并留意它們的核心意義,和彼此之間的區(qū)別,以利于接下來的甄別和判斷,然后再到文章中對(duì)應(yīng);另外一種比較specific的題干恰恰相反,是指題干的內(nèi)容所指相對(duì)較具體,這時(shí)則無需讀下面的選項(xiàng)了,因?yàn)橐皆闹腥ふ业膬?nèi)容已然清楚了,多讀選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容就顯得意義不大了,反而會(huì)耗去一些時(shí)間.兩種答題步驟迥異完全因題干不同而來,目的則都是為了更快更準(zhǔn)確地答題.

　　下面試舉例說明:

　　在劍橋真題系列IV中,Question 27/ Test 1:

　　Choose the correct letter, A,B,C or D.

　　27. In the first paragraph the writer makes the point that blind people

　　A. may be interested in studying art.

　　B. can draw outlines of different objects and surfaces.

　　C. can recognize conventions such as perspective.

　　D. can draw accurately.

　　初看下來,題干中的blind people似是詳細(xì)信息,但考生應(yīng)很快意識(shí)到,全文的題目即是Visual Symbols and the Blind,既如此,blind people就算不得能夠幫助定位的詳細(xì)信息,這樣,題干就成為對(duì)第一段的主旨大意的考核,這時(shí)考生應(yīng)該了解其難度,避開閱讀首段,轉(zhuǎn)而瀏覽A,B,C,D四選項(xiàng),并短時(shí)記憶4個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞或詞組.按照常理,大體可排除A和D,若最終的判斷只是在B和D兩項(xiàng)之見進(jìn)行,就簡單得多了.

　　來到原文首段,首句就揭示了答案:

　　From a number of recent studies, it has become clear that blind people can appreciate the use of outlines and perspectives to describe the arrangement of objects and other surfaces in space.

　　可知答案是C.

　　再看下例:劍橋真題系列V, Question 33/ Test 1.

　　Choose the correct letter, A,B,C or D.

　　33. What aspect of scientific research does the writer express concern about in paragraph 4?

　　A. the need to produce results

　　B. the lack of financial support

　　C. the selection of areas to research

　　D. the desire to solve every research problem

　　題干中能令考生感覺詳細(xì)一點(diǎn)的也就只是 scientific research了,不過,依照它找到paragraph 4,發(fā)現(xiàn)只讀和scientific research有關(guān)的句子還是無法作答,首句中的One is the lopsidedness built into scientific research.并不能令考生得知偏頗的具體內(nèi)容,而第二句:Scientific funding goes mainly to areas with many problems.又容易讓考生誤解為B也可能成為正確答案,從而在B和C之間舉棋不定,難以取舍,因?yàn)樵擃}其實(shí)是在考核對(duì)全段的綜合理解能力,題干中的scientific research并不能認(rèn)為是一個(gè)詳細(xì)信息點(diǎn),既然在句尾出現(xiàn)了in paragraph 4.

　　此時(shí),題干應(yīng)被判斷為是general類的,依照前文所述,先讀A,B,C,D四個(gè)選項(xiàng).從A與D的內(nèi)容雷同來看,可以排除這2者的正確性,因?yàn)檎_答案是唯一的;在B與C之間,它們的差異是非常明顯的.這時(shí)只需謹(jǐn)記financial和area,帶著問題去讀指定段落,任務(wù)就顯得輕松多了,由段落中的第二句和末句可知答案是C.

　　對(duì)于多項(xiàng)選當(dāng)中的選標(biāo)題類的題目來說,運(yùn)用此種方法能夠極大程度地減低難度.下面謹(jǐn)舉一例說明:

　　Question 14/ Test 1/ Cambridge IV:

　　Choose the correct letter A,B,C or D.

　　Which of the following is the most suitable title for Reading Passage 1?

　　A. The development of a programme in environmental studies within a science curriculum

　　B. Childrens ideas about the rainforests and the implications for course design

　　C. The extent to which children have been misled by the media concerning the rainforests

　　D. How to collect, collate and describe the ideas of secondary school children

　　E. The importance of the rainforests and the reasons for their destruction

　　這是一道極為有挑戰(zhàn)的對(duì)全片文章的主旨大意的考核,難度可想而知,不過若從讀選項(xiàng)入手,情況似乎出現(xiàn)了極為巧妙的轉(zhuǎn)機(jī).

　　A選項(xiàng)是要被排除掉的,因?yàn)檎麄€(gè)statement竟然沒有涉及全篇的核心話題rainforests,錯(cuò)誤顯而易見.D選項(xiàng)因?yàn)橥瑯渝e(cuò)誤也被排除.E選項(xiàng)中的importance和 reasons只是文中提及的5個(gè)問題之2,而這5個(gè)問題應(yīng)該是并列的關(guān)系,從邏輯上講,錯(cuò)誤是很明顯的.這樣就余下B和C作為最后抉擇的選項(xiàng),注意二者的不同之處,implications和 misled.這時(shí)回原文中尋找,在第三段出現(xiàn)了:The aim of the present study is to start to provide such information, to help teachers design their educational strategies to而C選項(xiàng)始終無從談起,在文中沒有有力的支持.正確答案是 B。