名師精講大學(xué)英語四級議論文寫作課程筆記三

　　Smoking is a bad habit that does a lot of harm to human health. Cigarette smoking does great harm to human health. In many cases, cigarette has proved to be the direct cause of such a fatal disease as cancer-hence its nickname, Cancer Stick . Experts say that smoking one cigarette can reduce one s life by about 15 minutes and that chain smoking is far more hazardous. Recent findings of medical research show that even a tiny drop of nicotine can kill a large animal like a horse. Some medical reports have also proved that heavy smoking would seriously affect an adult s sexuality, and smoking after a meal also disturbs one s digestive system. Cigarette smoking not only jeopardizes the physical health of a smoker, it also affects the health of a nonsmoker who passively inhales the polluted air into his or her lungs when he or she is exposed to a winding shroud of cigarette smoke. The impact on such passive smokers , according to the experts in the medical field, can be even more damaging, and that is why smoking is usually prohibited in most public places.

　　(2)議論文中常用的詞句與短語

　　一.數(shù)據(jù)對比用語：

　　1. are similar in their range of indicators

　　2. cause / lead to a rapid / slow increase / decrease in the number / amount of

　　3. cause to drop

　　4. climb dramatically from to

　　5. constitutes about percent

　　6. continue to rise / fall

　　7. continue to widen / shorten

　　8. declines to less than percent.

　　9. drop / fall to as many / much / little as

　　10. fall / rise / increase / decrease dramatically

　　11. fluctuates between

　　12. grow only marginally from to

　　13. increase / decrease slowly

　　14. increase/ decrease lightly

　　15. is doubled

　　16. is inversely proportional to

　　17. is significantly lower / higher than

　　18. lead to an increased number / amount of

　　19. level off / remain constant at

　　20. lower the percentage of

　　21. maintain approximately the same number of

　　22. narrow down to

　　23. occupy a greater percentage of

　　24. peak / top at

　　25. range from to

　　26. remain below

　　27. rise / fall / increase / decrease sharply

　　28. rise above

　　29. rise to approximately

　　30. take up one third of

　　31. times smaller / larger than

　　32. totals / amounts to / reaches / arrives at / stays at

　　33. varies greatly / slightly between and

　　34. A very noticeable trend is the steady increase / decrease in

　　35. As is shown in / As can be seen from / According to ----the table / table /

　　graph / pie chart / bar chart / figure / statistics /diagram shows /

　　illustrates /describes / indicates / reveals that

　　36. It is clear / apparent from--- the table / graph / pie chart / bar chart /

　　figure /

　　37. it reached a peak of

　　statistics / diagram that

　　38. the number / amount of consumed per head/ per person

　　39. The number of remains stable.

　　40. The number of remains unchanged.

　　41. The number tapers off.

　　42. The percentage has been falling steadily.

　　43. The percentage is less than that of

　　44. The table / graph / pie chart / bar chart / figure / statistics

　　shows...

　　45. There are many variations in numbers of

　　46. There is a gradual increase / decrease

　　47. There is a large increase / decrease in

　　48. There is a reduction in

　　49. There is a significant increase/ rise in

　　50. There is a smaller percentage of

　　51. There is an obvious increase / decrease in

　　52. There is not a great deal of difference between the percentage of

　　Smoking is a bad habit that does a lot of harm to human health. Cigarette smoking does great harm to human health. In many cases, cigarette has proved to be the direct cause of such a fatal disease as cancer-hence its nickname, Cancer Stick . Experts say that smoking one cigarette can reduce one s life by about 15 minutes and that chain smoking is far more hazardous. Recent findings of medical research show that even a tiny drop of nicotine can kill a large animal like a horse. Some medical reports have also proved that heavy smoking would seriously affect an adult s sexuality, and smoking after a meal also disturbs one s digestive system. Cigarette smoking not only jeopardizes the physical health of a smoker, it also affects the health of a nonsmoker who passively inhales the polluted air into his or her lungs when he or she is exposed to a winding shroud of cigarette smoke. The impact on such passive smokers , according to the experts in the medical field, can be even more damaging, and that is why smoking is usually prohibited in most public places.

　　(2)議論文中常用的詞句與短語

　　一.數(shù)據(jù)對比用語：

　　1. are similar in their range of indicators

　　2. cause / lead to a rapid / slow increase / decrease in the number / amount of

　　3. cause to drop

　　4. climb dramatically from to

　　5. constitutes about percent

　　6. continue to rise / fall

　　7. continue to widen / shorten

　　8. declines to less than percent.

　　9. drop / fall to as many / much / little as

　　10. fall / rise / increase / decrease dramatically

　　11. fluctuates between

　　12. grow only marginally from to

　　13. increase / decrease slowly

　　14. increase/ decrease lightly

　　15. is doubled

　　16. is inversely proportional to

　　17. is significantly lower / higher than

　　18. lead to an increased number / amount of

　　19. level off / remain constant at

　　20. lower the percentage of

　　21. maintain approximately the same number of

　　22. narrow down to

　　23. occupy a greater percentage of

　　24. peak / top at

　　25. range from to

　　26. remain below

　　27. rise / fall / increase / decrease sharply

　　28. rise above

　　29. rise to approximately

　　30. take up one third of

　　31. times smaller / larger than

　　32. totals / amounts to / reaches / arrives at / stays at

　　33. varies greatly / slightly between and

　　34. A very noticeable trend is the steady increase / decrease in

　　35. As is shown in / As can be seen from / According to ----the table / table /

　　graph / pie chart / bar chart / figure / statistics /diagram shows /

　　illustrates /describes / indicates / reveals that

　　36. It is clear / apparent from--- the table / graph / pie chart / bar chart /

　　figure /

　　37. it reached a peak of

　　statistics / diagram that

　　38. the number / amount of consumed per head/ per person

　　39. The number of remains stable.

　　40. The number of remains unchanged.

　　41. The number tapers off.

　　42. The percentage has been falling steadily.

　　43. The percentage is less than that of

　　44. The table / graph / pie chart / bar chart / figure / statistics

　　shows...

　　45. There are many variations in numbers of

　　46. There is a gradual increase / decrease

　　47. There is a large increase / decrease in

　　48. There is a reduction in

　　49. There is a significant increase/ rise in

　　50. There is a smaller percentage of

　　51. There is an obvious increase / decrease in

　　52. There is not a great deal of difference between the percentage of