基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)輕松學(xué)【98】美國(guó)人的“潔癖”

　　本課您將學(xué)到：洗澡大不同，in contrast to/with句型

　　There used to be an old joke in America that people should take a bath once a week, whether they need one or not. In fact, though, Americans generally take a bath-or more commonly（通常地）, a shower-every day. But in contrast to some cultures, most Americans get their shower in the morning, so they can start the day fresh（精力充沛的）. And instead of going to a beauty parlor（美容院） for a shampoo（洗頭）, many Americans prefer to wash and style their own hair. So if Americans have a bad hair day, they have no one to blame but themselves.

　　Americans are known for having very sensitive（靈敏的） noses. In America, B.O. （body odor） is socially unacceptable. For that reason, Americans consider the use of deodorant（防臭劑） or anti-perspirant（止汗露） a must. Ladies often add a touch of perfume（香水） for an extra fresh scent（氣味）. Men may splash on（噴灑） after-shave lotion（化妝水） or manly-smelling cologne（古龍水）. Another cultural no-no in America is bad breath. Americans dont like to smell what other people ate for lunch-especially onions or garlic. Their solution? Mouthwash, breath mints and even brushing their teeth after meals.

　　Americans put great value on both grooming（打扮） and personal hygiene（個(gè)人衛(wèi)生）. For some people, taking care of themselves has become almost a religion. As the old saying goes, Cleanliness is next to godliness（神圣）. Whether or not being clean and well-groomed brings one closer to God, it certainly brings one closer to others.

　 「讀書(shū)筆記」

　　以前在美國(guó)有一個(gè)老笑話，說(shuō)不管人們需不需要，（whether they need one or not）他們至少每個(gè)禮拜該洗一次澡。（that people should take a bath once a week）不過(guò)事實(shí)上，美國(guó)人每天會(huì)洗一次澡，或者更普遍的作法是每天淋浴一次。（Americans generally take a bath-or more commonly, a shower-every day）但是不同于某些文化習(xí)慣的是，（in contrast to some cultures）美國(guó)人在清晨淋浴，以使他們展開(kāi)清新的一天。（they can start the day fresh）而且美國(guó)人不上美容院去洗頭，（instead of going to a beauty parlor for a shampoo）他們寧可自己洗頭和整理發(fā)型。（many Americans prefer to wash and style their own hair）所以美國(guó)人如果有了丑發(fā)型的一天，（if Americans have a bad hair day,）除了怪自己之外就沒(méi)什么好抱怨的了。（bad hair day暗示無(wú)緣無(wú)故地心情不好）

　　Bath意為浴缸、澡盆，所以take a bath就是用盆浴洗澡，此外，bath還可以表示洗澡水，比如：

　　The bath is too hot.

　　洗澡水太燙了。

　　shower有一陣雨、冰雹的意思，所以淋浴就是take a shower.比如：

　　I take a cold shower every day.

　　我每天用冷水淋浴。

　　美國(guó)人的鼻子是出了名的靈。（sensitive noses）在美國(guó)，體臭（B.O. body odor）在社交上是不被接受的。因此，美國(guó)人會(huì)認(rèn)為使用除臭劑或止汗劑是必須的。（Americans consider the use of deodorant or anti-perspirant a must）女士們通常會(huì)再抹點(diǎn)香水以增加清香；（Ladies often add a touch of perfume for an extra fresh scent）男士則拍一些刮胡水或是男性古龍水在臉上。（splash on after-shave lotion or manly-smelling cologne）在美國(guó)文化里的另一項(xiàng)禁忌是口臭。（bad breath）美國(guó)人不喜歡聞別人午餐后留在口中的味道,（Americans dont like to smell what other people ate for lunch）尤其是洋蔥（onions）或大蒜。（garlic）他們?cè)趺唇鉀Q這問(wèn)題呢？（Their solution?）漱口、（Mouthwash）吃薄荷糖、（breath mints）甚至飯后刷牙。（even brushing their teeth after meals）

　　no-no：這是個(gè)美國(guó)俚語(yǔ)，意為被禁止的東西，不準(zhǔn)干的事，比如在語(yǔ)言的慣用法中總有一些禁忌no-nos about language usage，我們一定要加以注意喲。

　　美國(guó)人非常看重儀容整潔與個(gè)人衛(wèi)生。（personal hygiene）對(duì)某些人而言，打理自己幾乎成了一種信仰，（a religion）如一句古老的諺語(yǔ)說(shuō)：清潔是僅次于圣潔第二重要的事。（Cleanliness is next to godliness）不管整齊清潔是不是能使人更接近上帝，（Whether or not being clean and well-groomed brings one closer to God）但它的確能拉近與人的距離。（it certainly brings one closer to others）

　 「句型留言板」

　　in contrast to/with

　　意為和形成對(duì)比（相反），比較起來(lái)，相比較的兩者，一般都會(huì)形成鮮明的對(duì)照。比如：

　　His white hair was in sharp contrast to （with） his dark skin.

　　他的白頭發(fā)和他的黑皮膚形成了鮮明的對(duì)照。

　　In contrast to his brother, he was always considerate in his treatment of others.

　　與他的兄弟不同，他在處理和別人的關(guān)系時(shí)總是很周到。

　　這里，在介紹一個(gè)和此句型類(lèi)似的用法，by contrast對(duì)比起來(lái)，與之相比.但要注意，這個(gè)用法通常放在句首，用作狀語(yǔ)。比如：

　　By contrast, John is much more hard working than Bob.

　　相比之下，約翰要比鮑勃刻苦得多。

　　今天的節(jié)目里，我們講的是美國(guó)人的清潔習(xí)慣，請(qǐng)大家記住一個(gè)非常有用的句型in contrast to/with，和形成對(duì)比。

　　希望大家喜歡這篇文章，我們下次再見(jiàn)！

　　本課您將學(xué)到：洗澡大不同，in contrast to/with句型

　　There used to be an old joke in America that people should take a bath once a week, whether they need one or not. In fact, though, Americans generally take a bath-or more commonly（通常地）, a shower-every day. But in contrast to some cultures, most Americans get their shower in the morning, so they can start the day fresh（精力充沛的）. And instead of going to a beauty parlor（美容院） for a shampoo（洗頭）, many Americans prefer to wash and style their own hair. So if Americans have a bad hair day, they have no one to blame but themselves.

　　Americans are known for having very sensitive（靈敏的） noses. In America, B.O. （body odor） is socially unacceptable. For that reason, Americans consider the use of deodorant（防臭劑） or anti-perspirant（止汗露） a must. Ladies often add a touch of perfume（香水） for an extra fresh scent（氣味）. Men may splash on（噴灑） after-shave lotion（化妝水） or manly-smelling cologne（古龍水）. Another cultural no-no in America is bad breath. Americans dont like to smell what other people ate for lunch-especially onions or garlic. Their solution? Mouthwash, breath mints and even brushing their teeth after meals.

　　Americans put great value on both grooming（打扮） and personal hygiene（個(gè)人衛(wèi)生）. For some people, taking care of themselves has become almost a religion. As the old saying goes, Cleanliness is next to godliness（神圣）. Whether or not being clean and well-groomed brings one closer to God, it certainly brings one closer to others.

　 「讀書(shū)筆記」

　　以前在美國(guó)有一個(gè)老笑話，說(shuō)不管人們需不需要，（whether they need one or not）他們至少每個(gè)禮拜該洗一次澡。（that people should take a bath once a week）不過(guò)事實(shí)上，美國(guó)人每天會(huì)洗一次澡，或者更普遍的作法是每天淋浴一次。（Americans generally take a bath-or more commonly, a shower-every day）但是不同于某些文化習(xí)慣的是，（in contrast to some cultures）美國(guó)人在清晨淋浴，以使他們展開(kāi)清新的一天。（they can start the day fresh）而且美國(guó)人不上美容院去洗頭，（instead of going to a beauty parlor for a shampoo）他們寧可自己洗頭和整理發(fā)型。（many Americans prefer to wash and style their own hair）所以美國(guó)人如果有了丑發(fā)型的一天，（if Americans have a bad hair day,）除了怪自己之外就沒(méi)什么好抱怨的了。（bad hair day暗示無(wú)緣無(wú)故地心情不好）

　　Bath意為浴缸、澡盆，所以take a bath就是用盆浴洗澡，此外，bath還可以表示洗澡水，比如：

　　The bath is too hot.

　　洗澡水太燙了。

　　shower有一陣雨、冰雹的意思，所以淋浴就是take a shower.比如：

　　I take a cold shower every day.

　　我每天用冷水淋浴。

　　美國(guó)人的鼻子是出了名的靈。（sensitive noses）在美國(guó)，體臭（B.O. body odor）在社交上是不被接受的。因此，美國(guó)人會(huì)認(rèn)為使用除臭劑或止汗劑是必須的。（Americans consider the use of deodorant or anti-perspirant a must）女士們通常會(huì)再抹點(diǎn)香水以增加清香；（Ladies often add a touch of perfume for an extra fresh scent）男士則拍一些刮胡水或是男性古龍水在臉上。（splash on after-shave lotion or manly-smelling cologne）在美國(guó)文化里的另一項(xiàng)禁忌是口臭。（bad breath）美國(guó)人不喜歡聞別人午餐后留在口中的味道,（Americans dont like to smell what other people ate for lunch）尤其是洋蔥（onions）或大蒜。（garlic）他們?cè)趺唇鉀Q這問(wèn)題呢？（Their solution?）漱口、（Mouthwash）吃薄荷糖、（breath mints）甚至飯后刷牙。（even brushing their teeth after meals）

　　no-no：這是個(gè)美國(guó)俚語(yǔ)，意為被禁止的東西，不準(zhǔn)干的事，比如在語(yǔ)言的慣用法中總有一些禁忌no-nos about language usage，我們一定要加以注意喲。

　　美國(guó)人非常看重儀容整潔與個(gè)人衛(wèi)生。（personal hygiene）對(duì)某些人而言，打理自己幾乎成了一種信仰，（a religion）如一句古老的諺語(yǔ)說(shuō)：清潔是僅次于圣潔第二重要的事。（Cleanliness is next to godliness）不管整齊清潔是不是能使人更接近上帝，（Whether or not being clean and well-groomed brings one closer to God）但它的確能拉近與人的距離。（it certainly brings one closer to others）

　 「句型留言板」

　　in contrast to/with

　　意為和形成對(duì)比（相反），比較起來(lái)，相比較的兩者，一般都會(huì)形成鮮明的對(duì)照。比如：

　　His white hair was in sharp contrast to （with） his dark skin.

　　他的白頭發(fā)和他的黑皮膚形成了鮮明的對(duì)照。

　　In contrast to his brother, he was always considerate in his treatment of others.

　　與他的兄弟不同，他在處理和別人的關(guān)系時(shí)總是很周到。

　　這里，在介紹一個(gè)和此句型類(lèi)似的用法，by contrast對(duì)比起來(lái)，與之相比.但要注意，這個(gè)用法通常放在句首，用作狀語(yǔ)。比如：

　　By contrast, John is much more hard working than Bob.

　　相比之下，約翰要比鮑勃刻苦得多。

　　今天的節(jié)目里，我們講的是美國(guó)人的清潔習(xí)慣，請(qǐng)大家記住一個(gè)非常有用的句型in contrast to/with，和形成對(duì)比。

　　希望大家喜歡這篇文章，我們下次再見(jiàn)！