高中英語語法-利用 and 巧解題
利用 and 巧解題
and 是并列連詞，它既能連接兩個并列的結構，也能連接兩個并列的分句。我們可以通過分析它在句子結構中的功能，從而巧妙地解題。
一、 and 連接兩個或兩個以上的并列結構。由 and 所連接的兩個并列結構在形式上要一致。例如：
?。?1 ） We rushed back to the palace and looked for it.
?。?2 ） Father sat at the desk and wrote something.
?。?3 ） I had to lie to the company and pretend to be a man.
句（ 1 ）可轉換成不定式作目的狀語： We rushed back to the palace to look for it.
句（ 2 ）可轉換成現在分詞作伴隨狀語： Father sat at the desk writing something.
句（ 3 ）中 and 連接兩個不定式，后一個不定式 to 要省略。
例 1 ： The goat rolled over and_______
A. died B. dead
C. dying D. death
分析：選 A . and 連接兩個并列謂語；若將 and 改為逗號，則選 B ，形容詞 dead 作主語的補足語。
例 2 ： He called at every door and people ______ the exciting news.
A. tell B. telling
C. told D. having told
分析：選 C . called 和 told 為并列謂語；若將 and 改為逗號，則選 B ，現在分詞作伴隨狀語；若既無 and 也無逗號，則用不定式 to tell 作目的狀語。
例 3 ： She went to the market， ______ everything she needed and took a taxi home.
A. buy B. bought
C. buying D. to buy
分析：選 B .這是三個并列謂語，前兩個用逗號隔開，最后一個用 and 連接，即 went ，bought and took 在不同的語境中，也可用其他并列連詞，如 or， but 等。
二、 and 連接并列分句。這種并列句可轉換成簡單句或從句。
1. 并列句和簡單句、狀語從句的轉換。例如：
Use your head and you will find a way.
此句可轉換為簡單句： Using your head， you will find a way.
還可轉換為 if 引導的狀語從句： If you use your head， you will find a way.
例 1 ： _____ and they bought a picnic with them.
A. It being a fine day
B. Being a fine day
C. It is a fine day
D. It was a fine day
分析：選 D .這是由 and 連接的兩個并列分句，其時態要保持一致；若將 and 改為逗號，則選 A ，是獨立主格結構。此句還可轉換為狀語從句： As it was a fine day， they bought a picnic with them.
2. 并列句和定語從句的轉換。例如：
They are hollow and this makes them very light.
此句可轉換為 which 引導的非限制性定語從句： They are hollow， which makes them very light.
例 2 ： She heard a terrible noise and brought her heart into her mouth.
A. which B. it
C. / D. what
分析：選 B .這是由 and 連接的兩個并列分句，后一分句的主語應用 it ；若將 and 改為逗號，則選 A ，是 which 引導的非限制性定語從句。
例 3 ： She had two sons and _______ were doctors.
A. all of them
B. all of whom
C. both of them
D. both of whom
分析：選 C .這也是由 and 連接的兩個并列分句， both of them 為后一個分句的主語；若將 and 改為逗號，則選 D ，是 both of whom 引導的定語從句。
試判斷下列句子的正誤：
1. The weather turned out to be very good， it was more than we could expect.
2. Spring comes， leaves turn green.
3. Keep on trying， you'll succeed.
4. They get coal out of the ground， changing it into electricity and send it to many places.
5. He has made a wonderful discovery， which I think it is of great help to us.
6. They got off the train， carrying all their cases and their father's jacket.
7. Turning down the radio － the baby is sleeping.
8. I have three coats， none of them fit me.
9. The secretary worked into the night， preparing a long speech for the president.
10. As there are nearly 50 streets in the city， most of which we can't remember clearly.
分析：
1. 錯誤。 it 改為 which ；或在 it 前加 and .
2. 錯誤。 comes 改為 coming ，是獨立主格結構；或在 leaves 前加 and .
3. 錯誤。 Keep 改為 Keeping ；或在 you 前加 and .
4. 錯誤。 changing 改為 change ，和 send 是并列謂語。
5. 錯誤。去掉 it， which 是定語從句中的主語， I think 是插入語。
6. 正確。 carrying 是伴隨狀語。
7. 錯誤。 Turning 改為 Turn .
8. 錯誤。 them 改為 which ；或在 none 前加 but .
9. 正確。 preparing 是伴隨狀語。
10. 錯誤。 which 改為 them ，前一個分句是 as 引導的狀語從句，所以后一個分句的主語應是 most of them .
利用 and 巧解題
and 是并列連詞，它既能連接兩個并列的結構，也能連接兩個并列的分句。我們可以通過分析它在句子結構中的功能，從而巧妙地解題。
一、 and 連接兩個或兩個以上的并列結構。由 and 所連接的兩個并列結構在形式上要一致。例如：
（ 1 ） We rushed back to the palace and looked for it.
?。?2 ） Father sat at the desk and wrote something.
?。?3 ） I had to lie to the company and pretend to be a man.
句（ 1 ）可轉換成不定式作目的狀語： We rushed back to the palace to look for it.
句（ 2 ）可轉換成現在分詞作伴隨狀語： Father sat at the desk writing something.
句（ 3 ）中 and 連接兩個不定式，后一個不定式 to 要省略。
例 1 ： The goat rolled over and_______
A. died B. dead
C. dying D. death
分析：選 A . and 連接兩個并列謂語；若將 and 改為逗號，則選 B ，形容詞 dead 作主語的補足語。
例 2 ： He called at every door and people ______ the exciting news.
A. tell B. telling
C. told D. having told
分析：選 C . called 和 told 為并列謂語；若將 and 改為逗號，則選 B ，現在分詞作伴隨狀語；若既無 and 也無逗號，則用不定式 to tell 作目的狀語。
例 3 ： She went to the market， ______ everything she needed and took a taxi home.
A. buy B. bought
C. buying D. to buy
分析：選 B .這是三個并列謂語，前兩個用逗號隔開，最后一個用 and 連接，即 went ，bought and took 在不同的語境中，也可用其他并列連詞，如 or， but 等。
二、 and 連接并列分句。這種并列句可轉換成簡單句或從句。
1. 并列句和簡單句、狀語從句的轉換。例如：
Use your head and you will find a way.
此句可轉換為簡單句： Using your head， you will find a way.
還可轉換為 if 引導的狀語從句： If you use your head， you will find a way.
例 1 ： _____ and they bought a picnic with them.
A. It being a fine day
B. Being a fine day
C. It is a fine day
D. It was a fine day
分析：選 D .這是由 and 連接的兩個并列分句，其時態要保持一致；若將 and 改為逗號，則選 A ，是獨立主格結構。此句還可轉換為狀語從句： As it was a fine day， they bought a picnic with them.
2. 并列句和定語從句的轉換。例如：
They are hollow and this makes them very light.
此句可轉換為 which 引導的非限制性定語從句： They are hollow， which makes them very light.
例 2 ： She heard a terrible noise and brought her heart into her mouth.
A. which B. it
C. / D. what
分析：選 B .這是由 and 連接的兩個并列分句，后一分句的主語應用 it ；若將 and 改為逗號，則選 A ，是 which 引導的非限制性定語從句。
例 3 ： She had two sons and _______ were doctors.
A. all of them
B. all of whom
C. both of them
D. both of whom
分析：選 C .這也是由 and 連接的兩個并列分句， both of them 為后一個分句的主語；若將 and 改為逗號，則選 D ，是 both of whom 引導的定語從句。
試判斷下列句子的正誤：
1. The weather turned out to be very good， it was more than we could expect.
2. Spring comes， leaves turn green.
3. Keep on trying， you'll succeed.
4. They get coal out of the ground， changing it into electricity and send it to many places.
5. He has made a wonderful discovery， which I think it is of great help to us.
6. They got off the train， carrying all their cases and their father's jacket.
7. Turning down the radio － the baby is sleeping.
8. I have three coats， none of them fit me.
9. The secretary worked into the night， preparing a long speech for the president.
10. As there are nearly 50 streets in the city， most of which we can't remember clearly.
分析：
1. 錯誤。 it 改為 which ；或在 it 前加 and .
2. 錯誤。 comes 改為 coming ，是獨立主格結構；或在 leaves 前加 and .
3. 錯誤。 Keep 改為 Keeping ；或在 you 前加 and .
4. 錯誤。 changing 改為 change ，和 send 是并列謂語。
5. 錯誤。去掉 it， which 是定語從句中的主語， I think 是插入語。
6. 正確。 carrying 是伴隨狀語。
7. 錯誤。 Turning 改為 Turn .
8. 錯誤。 them 改為 which ；或在 none 前加 but .
9. 正確。 preparing 是伴隨狀語。
10. 錯誤。 which 改為 them ，前一個分句是 as 引導的狀語從句，所以后一個分句的主語應是 most of them .
