高中英語語法 省略

　　省略

　　簡(jiǎn)單句中的省略

　　1、省略主語 祈使句中主語通常省略;其它省略主語多限于少數(shù)現(xiàn)成的說法。

　　(1) (I) Thank you for your help.

　　(2) (I) See you tomorrow.

　　(3) (It) Doesnt matter.

　　(4) (I) Beg your pardon

　　2、省略主謂或主謂語的一部分

　　(1) (There is) No smoking .

　　(2) (Is there) Anything wrong ?

　　(3) (Will you) Have a smoke ?

　　(4) What/How (do you think) about a cup of tea ?

　　(5) Why (do you) not say hello to him ?

　　3、省略作賓語的不定式短語，只保留to，但如果該賓語是動(dòng)詞be或完成時(shí)態(tài)，則須在之后加上be或have:

　　(1) Are you going there? --Yes, Id like to (go there).

　　(2) He didnt give me the chance, though he had promised to (give me the chance).

　　(3) Are you an engineer? --No, but I want to be.

　　(4) He hasnt finished the task yet. --Well, he ought to have.

　　4、省略表語

　　(1) Are you thirsty? --Yes, I am (thirsty).

　　(2) His brother isnt lazy, nor is his sister (lazy).

　　5、同時(shí)省略幾個(gè)成分

　　(1) Lets meet at the same place as (we met) yesterday.

　　(2) -Have you finished your work ?

　　---(I have) Not (finished my work) yet.

　　主從復(fù)合句中的省略

　　1、主句中有一些成分被省略

　　(1) ( Im ) Sorry to hear you are ill.

　　(2) ( Its a ) Pity that he missed such a good chance.

　　2、主句中有一些成分被省略

　　(1) Is he coming back tonight? --I think so.

　　(2) She must be busy now? --If so, she cant go with us.

　　(3) Is she feeling better today? --Im afraid not.

　　(4) Do you think he will attend the meeting? --I guess not.

　　這種用法常見的有：How so? Why so? Is that so? I hope so. He said so.及I suppose/believe/hope not.

　　并列句中的省略

　　兩個(gè)并列句中，后一個(gè)分句常省略與前一分句中相同的部分。

　　(1) My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse.

　　(2) I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school.

　　(3) When summer comes, the day is getting longer and longer, and the night (is getting) shorter and shorter.

　　其他省略

　　1、連詞的that省略

　　(1)賓語從句中常省略連詞that，但也有不能省略的情況。

　　(2) 在定語從句中，that在從句中作賓語時(shí)可省略.另外，凡是進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)的定語從句都可省略關(guān)系代詞和be 動(dòng)詞。

　　2、在某些狀語從句中，從句的主語與主句的主語一致時(shí)，可省去主語+be部分

　　(1) When (he was) still a boy of 10, he had to work day and night.

　　(2) She tried her best though (she was) rather poor in health.

　　(3) If (you are) asked you may come in.

　　(4) If (it is) necessary Ill explain to you again.

　　3、不定式符號(hào)to的省略

　　(1) 并列的不定式可省去后面的 to.

　　I told him to sit down and wait for a moment.

　　(2) help 當(dāng)幫助講時(shí)，后面的賓語或賓補(bǔ)的不定式符號(hào)to可帶可不帶.

　　I will help (to) do it for you.

　　I will help you (to) do it.

　　(3)介詞but前若有動(dòng)詞do,后面的不定式不帶 to.

　　The boy did nothing but play.

　　(4) 某些使役動(dòng)詞(let, make, have)及感官動(dòng)詞(see, watch, hear, notice, observe, feel, look at, listen to等)后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式一定要省去 to, 但在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中須將to 復(fù)原。

　　I saw the boy fall from the tree.

　　The boy was seen to fall from the tree.

　　The boss made us work 12 hours a day.

　　We were made to work 12 hours a day.

　　(5) 主語從句中有動(dòng)詞do,后面作表語的不定式的 to可帶可不帶。

　　All we can do now is (to) wait.

　　(6) find 當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)講時(shí)，后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式符號(hào)to可帶可不帶。

　　We found him (to) work very hard at the experiment.

　　但如果是不定式 to be，則不能省略。

　　She found him to be dishonest.

　　4、連詞if在部分虛擬條件句中可省略，但后面的語序有變化。

　　(1) Had they time, they would certainly come and help us.

　　(2) Were I you, I would do the work better.

　　(3)Should there be a flood, what should we do?

　　5、主句和從句各有一些成分省略。

　　The sooner (you do it), the better (it will be).

　　●難點(diǎn)磁場(chǎng)

　　1.(★★★★)John plays football________,if not better than,David.

　　A.as well B.as well as

　　C.so well D.so well as

　　2.(★★★★★)If you go to Xian ,youll find the places there more magnificent than commonly________.

　　A.supposing B.supposed

　　C.to suppose D.suppose

　　3.(★★★★)What do you think made Mary so upset?

　　________ her bicycle.

　　A.As she lost B.Lost

　　C.Losing D.Because of losing

　　4.(★★★★★)I thought her nice and honest________ I met her.

　　A.first time B.for the first time

　　C.the first time D.by the first time

　　5.(★★★★)Boris has brains.In fact,I doubt whether anyone in the class has________IQ. (NMET 2002)

　　A.a high B.a higher

　　C.the higher D.the highest

　　6.(★★★★)You should have thanked her before she left.

　　I meant________,but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere.

　　(2002年上海春季)

　　A.to do B.to

　　C.doing D.doing so

　　●案例探究

　　1.Do you think its going to rain over the weekend?

　　________.

　　A.I dont believe B.I dont believe it

　　C.I believe not so D.I believe not

　　命題意圖：此題考查not在賓語從句中的替代性省略。此題屬四星級(jí)題。

　　知識(shí)依托：so可代替某些動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句，但絕不能用it或that。這些常用的動(dòng)詞有：believe,be afraid,expect,hope,imagine,suppose等。例：

　　Is she going to the party tonight?

　　I think so./I hope so.

　　其否定有兩種：①動(dòng)詞用否定結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　②用not代替so。

　　又如：Do you think he will pass the exam?

　　I dont think so./I think not.前者更常用。

　　錯(cuò)解分析：A項(xiàng)應(yīng)為I dont believe so。

　　C項(xiàng)否定也應(yīng)否定謂語。

　　解題方法與技巧：根據(jù)具體語言環(huán)境，正確運(yùn)用表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)的方法。

　　答案：D

　　2.________ for the free ticket,I would not have gone to the films so often.

　　A.If it is not B.Were it not

　　C.Had it not been D.If there were to

　　命題意圖：旨在考查虛擬條件中if的省略。此題屬五星級(jí)題。

　　知識(shí)依托：跟過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句結(jié)構(gòu)為If+主語+had+過去分詞，主語+would/could/might do當(dāng)if省略時(shí)，將had提主句首，即

　　Had+主語+過去分詞，主語+would/could/might do

　　錯(cuò)解分析：A項(xiàng)不是虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　B項(xiàng)是跟現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句。

　　D項(xiàng)是跟將來事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句。

　　解題方法與技巧：從題干的后一句話入手，可看出I would not have gone to是跟過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句，故答案為C。譯為：要不是因?yàn)槠笔敲赓M(fèi)的，我也就不會(huì)經(jīng)常去看電影了。

　　答案：C

　　3.You ought to have given them some advice.

　　________,but who cared what I asked?

　　A.So it was B.So I ought to have

　　C.So I did D.So I ought to

　　命題意圖：考查ought to后作賓語的不定式的省略。此題屬五星級(jí)題。

　　知識(shí)依托：ought to, want, hope等動(dòng)詞后可省略作賓語的不定式短語，但該賓語若是be動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)，則需在to后加be或have。

　　Are you a soldier?

　　No,but,wish to be(a soldier).

　　答案：B

　　4.The research is so designed that once________ nothing can be done to change it.

　　(NMET 2002)

　　A.begins B.having begun

　　C.beginning D.begun

　　命題意圖：此題考查省略在狀語從句中的應(yīng)用。此題屬四星級(jí)題。

　　知識(shí)依托：當(dāng)主句的主語和狀語從句主句一致(或從句主語為it),且從句中含be,可把從句的主語和be一起省略，例：

　　I wonder why he didnt do as(he was) told to.

　　錯(cuò)解分析：A、B、C項(xiàng)都為主動(dòng)，而research應(yīng)是由人啟動(dòng)的，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)。

　　解題方法與技巧：此類詞，應(yīng)分清主、被動(dòng)關(guān)系。

　　答案：D

　　●錦囊妙計(jì)

　　掌握好省略句，應(yīng)注意以下幾條：

　　1.感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞(如：notice,hear,let,make)等后接不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)省略to,被動(dòng)時(shí)to不能省略。

　　2.在prefer to do rather than,cannot help butdo, nothing but等句型中常省略to。

　　3.為避免重復(fù)，作某些動(dòng)詞(hope,want)等賓語或(tell,order,ask)的賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，省略不定式短語，只保留不定式符號(hào)to。

　　4.應(yīng)注意狀語從句、定語從句中的省略。

　　狀語從句中，如果謂語含動(dòng)詞be,主語又與主句主語一致或主語是it,從句中主語和be一齊省略。

　　5.注意not ,so ,neither, nor的替代性省略。

　　●殲滅難點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練

　　1.(★★★★)Tom fell down from the ladder.I think his right leg is broken.

　　Oh,I________.

　　A.hope not to B.hope not

　　C.hope not so D.dont hope

　　2.(★★★★)If________ the same treatment again,hes sure to get well.

　　A.giving B.give

　　C.given D.being given

　　3.(★★★★★)Arent you the manager?

　　No,and I________.

　　A.dont want to B.dont want to be

　　C.dont want be D.dont want

　　4.(★★★★)While________ for the bus,I met an old friend of mine.

　　A.waited B.waiting

　　C.wait D.to wait

　　5.(★★★★)I dont like the way________ he speaks to his mother.

　　A.which B.in that

　　C. D.on which

　　6.(★★★★)They had nothing to do but________.

　　A.to wait B.waiting

　　C.waited D.wait

　　7.(★★★★★)Children must be taught to act with good manners when________.

　　A.speaking to B.spoken to

　　C.are speaking D.spoken of

　　8.(★★★★)Have you cleaned the room?

　　No,but________.

　　A.Im B.I am

　　C.Im just going D.Im just going to

　　9.(★★★★)Do you mind my taking this seat?

　　________.

　　A.Yes,sit down please B.No,of course not

　　C.Yes,take it please D.No,you cant take it

　　10.(★★★★)________ green,the door might look more beautiful.

　　A.You painted B.If painted

　　C.To paint D.Have it painted

　　11.(★★★★)Is the boy very sick?

　　Im afraid________.

　　A.it B.this C.so D.that

　　12.(★★★★)They knew her very well.They had seen him________ up from childhood.

　　A.grow B.grew C.was growing D.to grow

　　13.(★★★★)Rather than________ on a crowded bus,he always prefers ________ a bicycle.

　　A.ride;ride B.riding;ride

　　C.ride;to ride D.to ride;riding

　　14.(★★★★★)________ it rain tomorrow,we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.

　　A.Were B.Should

　　C.Would D.Will

　　15.(★★★★★)Though________ money,his parents managed to send him to university.

　　A.lacked B.lacking of

　　C.lacking D.lacked in

　　多變的省略句

　　[難點(diǎn)磁場(chǎng)]

　　1.B 此句是John plays football as well as David,if he doesnt play better than David.的省略句，譯為如果John足球踢得不比David 好，也和他一樣好。D項(xiàng)so well as應(yīng)用在否定句中。

　　2.B supposed前省略了(they are)。

　　3.C 此對(duì)話的完整答語應(yīng)是Losing her bicycle made Mary upset。

　　4.C 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有C項(xiàng)可充當(dāng)連詞，連接句子且time引導(dǎo)定語從句，其后的關(guān)系詞可省略。

　　5.B 此句是In fact,I doubt whether anyone in the class has a higher IQ than Boris。

　　6.B I meant to后省略了thank her而只保留了不定式的符號(hào)。

　　[殲滅難點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練]

　　1.B 此題考查not在賓語從句中的替代性省略,完整的答語為I hope his right leg isnt broken。

　　2.C 此題考查主句主語和從句主語一致，且從句中含be則將主語和be一起省略(即將he is省略)。

　　3.B 為避免重復(fù)某些動(dòng)詞，如want,hope,ought to后的不定式作賓語時(shí)，常將不定式中動(dòng)詞省略，只保留to,但其后賓語若是be或have,則需保留。

　　4.B 此句是while I was waiting for the bus的省略。

　　5.C way作先行詞，其后的關(guān)系詞可省略，也可用that 或in which。

　　6.D 句中謂語或定語部分若是實(shí)意動(dòng)詞do及其各種形式，but后省略不定式符號(hào)to。

　　7.B 從句部分是when theyre spoken to的省略。

　　8.D Im going to后省略了Im going to clean the room。

　　9.B B項(xiàng)意思是是的，當(dāng)然不介意，A項(xiàng)Yes,應(yīng)譯為是的，我介意和sit down意思不符，C項(xiàng)D項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)此類錯(cuò)誤。

　　10.B 完整句應(yīng)為If the door is painted green。

　　11.C so代指the boy is very sick。

　　12.A see/hear/notice/watch 等感官動(dòng)詞后的賓補(bǔ)常省略不定式符號(hào)。

　　13.C prefer to dorather than do。

　　14.B 在虛擬語氣的條件句中，若省略if,條件句則需倒裝，將should/were/had提主句首，此句為If it should rain tomorrow,we would=Should it rain tomorrow,。

　　15.C Though lacking money是Though they are lacking money的省略句，其中l(wèi)ack是vt.。 省略

　　簡(jiǎn)單句中的省略

　　1、省略主語 祈使句中主語通常省略;其它省略主語多限于少數(shù)現(xiàn)成的說法。