牛津實用英語語法:309 過去時態有時保持不變
A 從理論上講,間接引語中一般過去時應當變成過去完成時,但在口語中,如果不至于使人對于動作發生的相對時間產生混淆,則常保持不變。
例如:He said,I loved her(他說:我愛過她)必須變成He said he had loved her(他說他愛過她),否則句子的意思就會不一樣了。但He said,Ann arrived on Monday(他說:安是星期一到的)可以轉述為He said Ann arrived/had arrived on Monday(他說安是星期一到的/他說安已于星期一到達)。
B 從理論上講,過去進行時應當變成過去完成進行時,但實際上除非所指的是已完成的動作,否則一般都不變:
She said,We were thinking of selling the house but we have decided not to.
她說:我們曾想賣掉這所房子,但現在已經決定不賣了。相當于:
She said that they had been thinking of selling the house but had decided not to.
她說他們曾想賣掉這所房子,但現在已經決定不賣了。
但是:
He said,When I saw them they were playing tennis.
他說:我看到他們時,他們在打網球。相當于:
He said that when he saw them they were playing tennis.
他說他看到他們時,他們在打網球。
C 英語書面語中,一般過去時在間接引語中固然常常變成過去完成時,但也有以下幾種例外情況:
1 時間從句中的一般過去時及過去進行時常不需改變:
He said,When we were living /lived in Paris
他說:我們住在巴黎的時候相當于:
He said that when they were living in Paris
他說他們住在巴黎的時候
這類間接引語的主句中的主要動詞既可保持不變,也可以變成過去完成時:
He said,When we were living/lived in Paris we often saw Paul.
他說:我們住在巴黎時,常常看到保羅。相當于:
He said that when they were living/lived in Paris they often saw/had of- ten seen Paul.
他說他們住在巴黎時,常常看到保羅。
2 如一般過去時被用來敘述轉述時仍繼續存在的情況,則在間接引語中保持不變:
She said,I decided not to buy the house because it was on a main road.
她說:我決定不買這座房子了,因為它在交通要道上。相當于:
She said that she had decided not to buy the house because it was on amain road.
她說她決定不買這座房子了,因為它在交通要道上。
A 從理論上講,間接引語中一般過去時應當變成過去完成時,但在口語中,如果不至于使人對于動作發生的相對時間產生混淆,則常保持不變。
例如:He said,I loved her(他說:我愛過她)必須變成He said he had loved her(他說他愛過她),否則句子的意思就會不一樣了。但He said,Ann arrived on Monday(他說:安是星期一到的)可以轉述為He said Ann arrived/had arrived on Monday(他說安是星期一到的/他說安已于星期一到達)。
B 從理論上講,過去進行時應當變成過去完成進行時,但實際上除非所指的是已完成的動作,否則一般都不變:
She said,We were thinking of selling the house but we have decided not to.
她說:我們曾想賣掉這所房子,但現在已經決定不賣了。相當于:
She said that they had been thinking of selling the house but had decided not to.
她說他們曾想賣掉這所房子,但現在已經決定不賣了。
但是:
He said,When I saw them they were playing tennis.
他說:我看到他們時,他們在打網球。相當于:
He said that when he saw them they were playing tennis.
他說他看到他們時,他們在打網球。
C 英語書面語中,一般過去時在間接引語中固然常常變成過去完成時,但也有以下幾種例外情況:
1 時間從句中的一般過去時及過去進行時常不需改變:
He said,When we were living /lived in Paris
他說:我們住在巴黎的時候相當于:
He said that when they were living in Paris
他說他們住在巴黎的時候
這類間接引語的主句中的主要動詞既可保持不變,也可以變成過去完成時:
He said,When we were living/lived in Paris we often saw Paul.
他說:我們住在巴黎時,常常看到保羅。相當于:
He said that when they were living/lived in Paris they often saw/had of- ten seen Paul.
他說他們住在巴黎時,常常看到保羅。
2 如一般過去時被用來敘述轉述時仍繼續存在的情況,則在間接引語中保持不變:
She said,I decided not to buy the house because it was on a main road.
她說:我決定不買這座房子了,因為它在交通要道上。相當于:
She said that she had decided not to buy the house because it was on amain road.
她說她決定不買這座房子了,因為它在交通要道上。