名師指點(diǎn) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)之二：Since 和 for 的用法
Since 和 for 的用法
表示過去已經(jīng)開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)常用的時(shí)間狀語有：for, since, how long, so far, these days等。
Since+過去點(diǎn)的時(shí)間，for+一段時(shí)間（數(shù)詞+量詞），此劃線部分用how long提問。
一、since短語或從句表示過去的動(dòng)作延續(xù)至今，since之后的時(shí)間為一點(diǎn)。 如：
Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. 1984年以來，史密斯先生一直在這工作。
He’s learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college. 他上大學(xué)以來大約學(xué)了五千個(gè)英語單詞。
二、for短語表示動(dòng)作延續(xù)多長時(shí)間，for的賓語為時(shí)間段。 如：
We have known each other for twenty years. 我們認(rèn)識(shí)有二十年了。
I haven’t seen her for a long time. 我好久沒有見到她了。
練習(xí)：用since和for填空
1) ______ two years 2) _______ two years ago 3) _______ last month
4) ______ 1999 5) _______ yesterday 6) _______ 4 o’clock
7) ______ 4 hours 8) _______ an hour ago 9) _______ we were children
10) _____ lunch time 11) ______ she left here
1. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last.
2. I’ve known him __________ we were children.
3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years.
4. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years.
5. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.
2.短暫性轉(zhuǎn)換延續(xù)性
①arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw.
→ be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there
1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.
He ________ _________ _________ Beijing for _________ _________.
2) I moved to the USA last year.
I ________ ________ __________ the USA since __________ __________.
3) I went home yesterday.
I _______ ________ _________ home for _________ __________.
4) They came here last week.
They _________ _________ here since _________ __________.
②come/go back, return → be back come/go out → be out
1) He came out two years ago.
He _________ __________ _________ for __________ __________.
2) We return to Fuzhou yesterday.
We ________ ________ _________ to Fuzhou since __________.
③become → be
1) I became a teacher in 2000.
I ________ __________ a teacher for _________ _________.
2) The river became dirty last year.
The river _________ _________ dirty for _________ __________.
④close → be closed open → be open
1) The shop closed two hours ago.
The shop ________ _________ _________ for _________ _________.
2) The door opened at six in the morning.
The door ________ ________ ________ for six hours.
⑤get up → be up die → be dead
leave sw. → be away from sw.
fall asleep/get tot sleep → be asleep
finish/end → be over marry → be married
1) I got up two hours ago.
I ________ ________ ________ since ________ ________.
2) He left Fuzhou just now.
He _______ ________ ________ _________ Fuzhou for five minutes.
3) My grandpa died in 2002.
My grandpa _______ _______ ________for _______ ________.
4) The meeting finished at six.
The meeting ________ ______ ______ for six hours.
5) I got to sleep two hours ago.
I ________ _________ _________ since _________ __________.
6) They married in 1990.
They ________ _________ __________since _________.
⑥start/begin to do sth. → do sth. begin → be on
1) I began to teach at this school in 1995.
I ____ ____ at this school since ____.
2) The film began two minutes ago.
The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____.
⑦borrow → keep lose → not have buy → have put on → wear
catch/get a cold → have a cold get to know → know
1) They borrowed it last week.
They _________ _________ it since __________ __________.
2) I bought a pen two hours ago.
I _________ _________ a pen for ________ __________.
3) I got to know him last year.
I _________ __________ him since __________ __________.
4) I put on my glasses three years ago.
I __________ __________ my glasses for _________ _________.
⑧have/has gone to → have been in
1) He has gone to Beijing.
He ____ ____ _____ Beijing for two days.
⑨join the league/the Party/the army
→ be a league/a Party member/a soldier
→ be a member of the league/the Party
→ be in the league/the Party/the army
1) He joined the league in 2002.
He ________ _________ a _________ _________ for two years.
He ________ __________ a __________ ___________ the __________ for two years.
He ____________ ___________ ___________ the league for two years.
2) My brother joined the army two years ago.
My brother __________ __________ a ___________ for ___________ ___________.
My brother ___________ ___________ in ____________ ___________ for two years.
3.漢譯英
1）這本字典我已買了三年了。
2）他離開中國三年了。
3）我認(rèn)識(shí)他們五年了。
4）他們已去了美國五年了。
5）自從他搬到福州，他就住這兒了。
6）他們已經(jīng)結(jié)婚10年。
7）我妹妹成為一個(gè)大學(xué)生已經(jīng)三年。
8）這會(huì)已開了多長時(shí)間了？
9）這門已經(jīng)關(guān)了兩天了。
10）我入團(tuán)2年了。
I __________ ___________ ___________ two years ago.
I __________ ___________ a ___________ ___________ for two years.
I __________ ___________ a ___________ of __________ _________ for two years.
I __________ ___________ ____________ the __________ for two years.
11）自從1999年以來他們就認(rèn)識(shí)。
12）我來到農(nóng)場已5年了。
4.劃線提問
1) I have been there for two days.
__________ _________ __________ you __________ __________ ?
2) My father has lived here since 2000.
_________ _________ __________ your father _________ __________?
3) He left here yesterday.
_________ ________ he _________ __________?
4) They bought a book two hours ago.
__________ ___________ they __________ a book
Since 和 for 的用法
表示過去已經(jīng)開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)常用的時(shí)間狀語有：for, since, how long, so far, these days等。
Since+過去點(diǎn)的時(shí)間，for+一段時(shí)間（數(shù)詞+量詞），此劃線部分用how long提問。
一、since短語或從句表示過去的動(dòng)作延續(xù)至今，since之后的時(shí)間為一點(diǎn)。 如：
Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. 1984年以來，史密斯先生一直在這工作。
He’s learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college. 他上大學(xué)以來大約學(xué)了五千個(gè)英語單詞。
二、for短語表示動(dòng)作延續(xù)多長時(shí)間，for的賓語為時(shí)間段。 如：
We have known each other for twenty years. 我們認(rèn)識(shí)有二十年了。
I haven’t seen her for a long time. 我好久沒有見到她了。
練習(xí)：用since和for填空
1) ______ two years 2) _______ two years ago 3) _______ last month
4) ______ 1999 5) _______ yesterday 6) _______ 4 o’clock
7) ______ 4 hours 8) _______ an hour ago 9) _______ we were children
10) _____ lunch time 11) ______ she left here
1. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last.
2. I’ve known him __________ we were children.
3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years.
4. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years.
5. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.
2.短暫性轉(zhuǎn)換延續(xù)性
①arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw.
→ be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there
1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.
He ________ _________ _________ Beijing for _________ _________.
2) I moved to the USA last year.
I ________ ________ __________ the USA since __________ __________.
3) I went home yesterday.
I _______ ________ _________ home for _________ __________.
4) They came here last week.
They _________ _________ here since _________ __________.
②come/go back, return → be back come/go out → be out
1) He came out two years ago.
He _________ __________ _________ for __________ __________.
2) We return to Fuzhou yesterday.
We ________ ________ _________ to Fuzhou since __________.
③become → be
1) I became a teacher in 2000.
I ________ __________ a teacher for _________ _________.
2) The river became dirty last year.
The river _________ _________ dirty for _________ __________.
④close → be closed open → be open
1) The shop closed two hours ago.
The shop ________ _________ _________ for _________ _________.
2) The door opened at six in the morning.
The door ________ ________ ________ for six hours.
⑤get up → be up die → be dead
leave sw. → be away from sw.
fall asleep/get tot sleep → be asleep
finish/end → be over marry → be married
1) I got up two hours ago.
I ________ ________ ________ since ________ ________.
2) He left Fuzhou just now.
He _______ ________ ________ _________ Fuzhou for five minutes.
3) My grandpa died in 2002.
My grandpa _______ _______ ________for _______ ________.
4) The meeting finished at six.
The meeting ________ ______ ______ for six hours.
5) I got to sleep two hours ago.
I ________ _________ _________ since _________ __________.
6) They married in 1990.
They ________ _________ __________since _________.
⑥start/begin to do sth. → do sth. begin → be on
1) I began to teach at this school in 1995.
I ____ ____ at this school since ____.
2) The film began two minutes ago.
The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____.
⑦borrow → keep lose → not have buy → have put on → wear
catch/get a cold → have a cold get to know → know
1) They borrowed it last week.
They _________ _________ it since __________ __________.
2) I bought a pen two hours ago.
I _________ _________ a pen for ________ __________.
3) I got to know him last year.
I _________ __________ him since __________ __________.
4) I put on my glasses three years ago.
I __________ __________ my glasses for _________ _________.
⑧have/has gone to → have been in
1) He has gone to Beijing.
He ____ ____ _____ Beijing for two days.
⑨join the league/the Party/the army
→ be a league/a Party member/a soldier
→ be a member of the league/the Party
→ be in the league/the Party/the army
1) He joined the league in 2002.
He ________ _________ a _________ _________ for two years.
He ________ __________ a __________ ___________ the __________ for two years.
He ____________ ___________ ___________ the league for two years.
2) My brother joined the army two years ago.
My brother __________ __________ a ___________ for ___________ ___________.
My brother ___________ ___________ in ____________ ___________ for two years.
3.漢譯英
1）這本字典我已買了三年了。
2）他離開中國三年了。
3）我認(rèn)識(shí)他們五年了。
4）他們已去了美國五年了。
5）自從他搬到福州，他就住這兒了。
6）他們已經(jīng)結(jié)婚10年。
7）我妹妹成為一個(gè)大學(xué)生已經(jīng)三年。
8）這會(huì)已開了多長時(shí)間了？
9）這門已經(jīng)關(guān)了兩天了。
10）我入團(tuán)2年了。
I __________ ___________ ___________ two years ago.
I __________ ___________ a ___________ ___________ for two years.
I __________ ___________ a ___________ of __________ _________ for two years.
I __________ ___________ ____________ the __________ for two years.
11）自從1999年以來他們就認(rèn)識(shí)。
12）我來到農(nóng)場已5年了。
4.劃線提問
1) I have been there for two days.
__________ _________ __________ you __________ __________ ?
2) My father has lived here since 2000.
_________ _________ __________ your father _________ __________?
3) He left here yesterday.
_________ ________ he _________ __________?
4) They bought a book two hours ago.
__________ ___________ they __________ a book
