山東省高密市教科院2024屆高三高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語《非謂語動(dòng)詞》學(xué)案

　　考查要點(diǎn)

　　1.不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)； 2.不定式的功能：不定式的形容詞性功能、不定式的副詞性功能、不定式的名詞性功能； 3.不定式的省略； 4.不定式的否定形式； 5.不定式的搭配形式； 6.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)；

　　7.v-ing分詞名詞性功能； 8.v-ing分詞形容詞性功能； 9.v-ing分詞副詞性功能； 10.過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞一般式的區(qū)別； 11.過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞主動(dòng)完成式的區(qū)別； 12.過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞一般被動(dòng)式的區(qū)別

　　非謂語動(dòng)詞的做題步驟

　　1、判定是否用非謂語形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了謂語動(dòng)詞了。

　　2、找非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語。方法：非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語一般是句子的主語。

　　3、判斷主被動(dòng)關(guān)系。方法：非謂語動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語的主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。

　　4、判斷時(shí)間關(guān)系。方法：分析句子，看看非謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前、之后還是同時(shí)。之前常用done; 之后常用to do; 同時(shí)常用doing。

　　高考例題：

　　【2024江西卷】33．Having finished her project, she was invited by the school

　　to the new students.

　　A．speaking B．having spoken C．to speak D．to have spoken

　　【答案】C

　　【考點(diǎn)】 非謂語動(dòng)詞。

　　【解析】不定式表目的，又因D選項(xiàng)時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤，故選C。

　　【2024江西卷】35．John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter

　　him it.

　　A．offered B．offering C．to offerD．to be offered

　　【答案】B

　　【考點(diǎn)】非謂語動(dòng)詞

　　【解析】此處offer的邏輯主語為空格前名詞letter，根據(jù)句意，兩者語態(tài)為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且表伴隨，故選B。

　　【2024湖南卷】31. The lecture, ____ at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.

　　A. starting B. being started C. to starD. to be started

　　【答案】A【考點(diǎn)】本題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法。

　　【解析】根據(jù)last night可知start已經(jīng)發(fā)生，故排除C、D（不定式常表將來），B（being done）一般表進(jìn)行，也排除。非謂語動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài) 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語

　　【2024湖南】23. Time, ____ correctly, is money in the bank.

　　A. to use B. used C. usingD. use

　　【答案】B【考點(diǎn)】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。

　　【解析】因?yàn)楸揪湟延兄^語動(dòng)詞is，且沒有連詞或引導(dǎo)詞，故排除謂語形式D；而time與use為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以選B。謂語與非謂語動(dòng)詞 過去分詞作條件狀語或時(shí)間狀語 表被動(dòng)

　　【2024湖南】21. We've had a good start, but next, more work needs ____ to achieve the final success.

　　A. being done B. do C. to be done D. to do

　　【答案】C【考點(diǎn)】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。

　　【解析】因?yàn)閣ork與do為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，而need后表被動(dòng)用-ing的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義，或用不定式的被動(dòng)形式，故選C。謂語與非謂語動(dòng)詞 不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài) 作賓語 短語need to be done。

　　非謂語動(dòng)詞使用條件

　　一個(gè)句子當(dāng)中，已經(jīng)存在一個(gè)主句（謂語動(dòng)詞）,又沒有連詞的情況下, 還有別的動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)時(shí)。

　　She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.

　　She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.

　　動(dòng)詞不定式

　　(1)作主語

　　Not to get there in time is your fault.

　　注：常用it做形式主語，將to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。

　　It takes us an hour ___ get there by bus.

　　It is a great enjoyment __ spend our holiday in the mountains

　　(2)作賓語

　　want

　　decide

　　hope

　　agree

　　choose

　　wish

　　need

　　promise

　　口訣：想要決定同意，希望許諾選擇

　　B. 常跟疑問詞+不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞:

　　tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, explain… know, show, discover, see(understand)

　　He taught us how to use the tool.

　　No one could tell me where to get the book.

　　I hope you’ll advise me what to do.

　　注意下列動(dòng)詞

　　beginstart

　　continue

　　like love hate prefer learn

　　remember

　　forget

　　regret

　　try

　　mean

　　stop

　　go on

　　(3)作賓語補(bǔ)足語

　　.I?wish?you?___?come?as?soon?as?possible.

　　advise

　　allow

　　ask

　　beg

　　cause

　　expect

　　encourage

　　force

　　get

　　hate

　　invite order

　　wish?

　　oblige

　　want

　　warn

　　remind

　　promise

　　permit

　　persuade

　　request

　　5. (不定式作定語)

　　不定式與它所修飾的詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系

　　Do you have anything to wash today?

　　Do you have anything to be washed today?

　　(區(qū)別主被動(dòng)）

　　不定式用來說明所修飾詞的內(nèi)容

　　I have no chance to go there.

　　3) 被修飾詞是不定式的邏輯主語

　　She is the last to leave the room.

　　4) 不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，須加介詞

　　He is looking for a room to live in.

　　(5)作狀語 表示目的、原因、結(jié)果或條件。

　　1) I came here to see you．

　　2) We were very excited to hear the news．

　　3) He hurried to the school to find nobody there .

　　4) To look at him，you would like him．三.動(dòng)名詞的功用

　　1.可作主語

　　Reading newspapers can increase our knowledge

　　2.可作賓語

　　①

　　S. + vt.+ doing

　　Have you finished reading the book?

　　在某些動(dòng)詞后要求用動(dòng)名詞作賓語，不能用不定式，常見的這類動(dòng)詞有：

　　避免錯(cuò)過 (少) 延期 avoid miss delay/postpone

　　建議完成 (多) 練習(xí) suggest / advise finish practise

　　喜歡想象 禁不住

　　enjoy/appreciate/ imagine/ resist/can`t help

　　承認(rèn) 否定 (與) 嫉妒 admit deny

　　envy

　　逃脫 冒險(xiǎn) (莫) 原諒 escape / envy /risk /pardon / excuse

　　忍受 保持 (不) 在意

　　stand

　　keep / keep on

　　mind注：在動(dòng)詞advise, allow, forbid(禁止)，permit（允許）等后，如果沒有人稱賓語，后跟動(dòng)名詞；如果有人稱賓語則后跟不定式。例如

　　We don’t allow people to fish here. 我們不準(zhǔn)人們?cè)谶@兒釣魚。

　　②作介詞/短語動(dòng)詞的賓語:

　　e.g.

　　①She sat there without (speak)

　　②

　　I look forward to (see) him again.

　　③

　　Are you used to (live) there alone?

　　④

　　When my father heard the news, he couldn't help (laugh).

　　⑤

　　I don`t feel like (go) to see the film.

　　⑥

　　He was busy (prepare) his lessons.

　　③

　　主動(dòng)表被動(dòng):

　　want

　　need / require

　　Sth. +

　　doing

　　　be worth

　　(值得)

　　d）動(dòng)詞 “l(fā)ike, love, hate, prefer”后接動(dòng)名詞表示“習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作”，后接不定式表示“心理或一次具體動(dòng)作”。當(dāng)用在 should, would之后時(shí)，只跟不定式。

　　I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim this afternoon.

　　What would you like to eat tonight? 你今晚上想吃什么？

　　動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

　　動(dòng)名詞前可以加一個(gè) 物主代詞或 名詞所有格來表示 這個(gè)動(dòng)名詞邏輯上的主語 ，構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)或動(dòng)名詞短語

　　1).物主代詞 / 名詞所有格 + 動(dòng)名詞 在句中作主語:

　　Mary`s coming late made her teacher angry.

　　Do you mind my smoking?

　　Do you mind my reading your paper?

　　Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.

　　2).人稱代詞賓格 / 名詞 + 動(dòng)名詞在句中作賓語:

　　I’m sure of him coming on time.

　　He has never heard of a woman being a pilot.

　　I don’t mind Jack (him) going.

　　She hates young people (them) smoking.

　　3).在“There is no+主語” 句型中，常用動(dòng)名詞做主語。

　　There is no denying that he plotted this rebellion.

　　（無可否認(rèn)，他策劃了這次謀反.）分詞1. 分詞是“非謂語動(dòng)詞”的另一種形式，它有兩種形式：現(xiàn)

　　在分詞（Present Participle）和過去分詞（Past Participle）。

　　2.分詞在句中起形容詞和副詞的作用。在句中

　　作表語、定語狀語和賓語補(bǔ)足語

　　現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別：

　　語態(tài)上：現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)，過去分詞表被動(dòng)Do you know the woman talking to Tom?

　　The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.

　　2. 時(shí)態(tài)上：現(xiàn)在分詞表進(jìn)行，過去分詞表完成

　　Developing country

　　boiling water

　　Developed country

　　boiled water

　　二、分詞的作用

　　1.定語

　　He is a promising young man.

　　The young man sitting between John and Mary is the editor of the campus newspaper.??

　　Those wishing to join this club should sign here.?

　　注意:過去分詞作定語在意義上有兩種可能：表示被動(dòng)和完成，只表完成

　　the question discussed yesterday?昨天討論的問題??（既表示被動(dòng)也表示完成）

　　the fallen leaves落下的樹葉??(只表示完成，不表示被動(dòng))

　　What you said is really inspiring.??

　　2、作表語

　　What you said is really inspiring.?

　　3、作賓語補(bǔ)足語

　　I heard them singing in the classroom.

　　我聽見他們?cè)诮淌依锍琛?/p>

　　四、作狀語

　　現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)進(jìn)行，過去分詞表被動(dòng)完成

　　1. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory.

　　(Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, the factory looks beautiful.

　　2. (Hearing/heard) the bad news,

　　they couldn’t help crying.

　　3. (Giving/Given) more time, we could do it better.

　　with + 復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)

　　（1）with + 名詞 / 代詞 + 名詞

　　The brave man fought the tiger with a stick his only weapon.

　　（2）with + 名詞 / 代詞 + 介詞

　　The teacher came into the classroom with a book in his hand.

　　（3）with + 名詞 / 代詞 + 副詞

　　He went out with his hat on.

　　4）with + 名詞 / 代詞 + 形容詞

　　Don’t speak with your mouth full.

　　5）with + 名詞 / 代詞 + -ing分詞

　　With the old man leading, the two started toward the mountains.

　　（6）with + 名詞 / 代詞 + -ed分詞

　　All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.

　　（7）with + 名詞 / 代詞 + 不定式 This was a severe test, with innumerable difficulties to be overcome.

　　鞏固練習(xí)

　　1. The next thing he saw was smoke

　　_____ from behind the house. (2011全國)

　　A.rose

　　B.rising

　　C. to rise

　　D.risen

　　2. The island,

　　to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. (2011 全國)

　　A. joining

　　B. to join

　　C. joined

　　D. having joined

　　3. Sarah pretended to be cheerful, ______

　　nothing about the argument. (2011全國)

　　A. says

　　B. said

　　C. to say

　　D. saying

　　4. It’s important for the figures ______ regularly.

　　(2011 北京)

　　to be updated

　　B. to have been updated

　　C. to update

　　D. to have updated

　　5. Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired,

　　on you feet. (2011北京)

　　A. to keep

　　B. keeping

　　C. having kept

　　D. to have kept

　　6. Passeagers are permitted

　　only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. (2011天津)

　　A.to carry

　　B. carrying

　　C. to be carried

　　D. being carried

　　7. ______ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. (2011天津)

　　A. Translating

　　B. Translated

　　C. To translate

　　D. Having translated

　　8. Mike found his missing car in the street outside his house,

　　newly cleaned and polished. (2011 上海)

　　looked

　　B. to look C. looking

　　D. to be looking

　　9. ______ in 1955, Disneyland in California is regarded by many as the riginal fun park.

　　(2011 上海)

　　A. Opened

　　B. Having opened

　　C. Opening

　　D. Being opened

　　10. Harrison Ford is thought to be one of the few movie stars

　　as a carpenter before. (2011 上海)

　　to work B. to be working C. to have worked D. to have been working

　　11. Look over there—there’s a very long, winding path

　　up to the house. (2011 山東)

　　A. leading

　　B. leads

　　C. led

　　D. to lead

　　12. Recently a survey

　　prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens. (2011江蘇)

　　A．compared

　　B．comparing

　　C．compares

　　D．being compared

　　13. The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable

　　. (2011福建)

　　A. held

　　B. holding

　　C. be held

　　D. to hold

　　14. Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier _______into small pieces.