考點規范練22(選修8　Theme A)

　　　考點規范練第44頁　?

　　.閱讀理解

　　A

　　Away with words

　　The Telegraph,an online news service,has teamed up with Saga,which provides products and services only for the over 50s,to hold a new competition to find the best travel writer.Three lucky winners will win a master class with two top Telegraph travel writers before traveling the world with Saga on one of three holidays of great comfort and pleasure.To enter,all you need to do is tell us something mysterious and wonderful about the world of travel—a favorite memory,a humorous tale,an unforgettable occasion or a sight worth writing about.

　　What we are looking for

　　You must be able to read not only those signs that help you find your way around but the ones that tell you how the locals tick.You must,in the words of Paul Theroux,an American travel writer,“describe exactly what you see and give it life with your imagination”.

　　In this competition,you can do that in anything from 150 words to 500,but they should be your words,and fresh ones.We do expect you not to hide the truth or the facts about your experience.Beyond that,you can make the most of the freedom travel writing gives you.

　　You’ll be editor as well as writer,so ensure those eyes are equally fresh when you check and recheck what you’ve written.We will make allowances for the occasional mistake,such as you have “fell” into a river.But we won’t put up with mistakes every few lines.

　　Terms & conditions

　　?Competitors must be aged 50 years or older.

　　?The judging process is divided into two stages:entries will be hosted on the website for one month.The top 20 articles will then be selected by public vote.The top three winners will be chosen by three judges.

　　?The closing date for entries is August 15.

　　【語篇導讀】本文是應用文。文章是一則旅游寫作比賽的通知。

　　1.The prizes for winners include 　.?

　　A.three wonderful holidays

　　B.the publication of their works

　　C.a chance to learn from excellent writers

　　D.an opportunity to work in the Telegraph

　　答案:C

　　解析:細節理解題。根據第一段中的“Three lucky winners will win a master class with two top Telegraph travel writers...”可知答案為C項。

　　2.Apart from writing ability,the competitors need to be 　.?

　　A.brave and creative

　　B.honest and careful

　　C.friendly and humorous

　　D.reliable and determined

　　答案:B

　　解析:推理判斷題。根據第三段中的“they should be your words,and fresh ones.We do expect you not to hide the truth or the facts about your experience.”可知,參賽者不能抄襲他人的文字,必須忠實于自己的經歷,由此可推測,參賽者需要誠實;根據第四段中的“You’ll be editor as well as writer,so ensure those eyes are equally fresh when you check and recheck what you’ve written...we won’t put up with mistakes every few lines.”可知,參賽者需要仔細,避免過多的錯誤。

　　3.The final winners will be selected by 　.?

　　A.the public

　　B.three chosen judges

　　C.Paul Theroux

　　D.two top Telegraph travel writers

　　答案:B

　　解析:細節理解題。根據最后一部分中的“The top three winners will be chosen by three judges.”可知答案為B項。

　　4.What type of writing is this text?

　　A.A travel guide.　B.A writing guide.

　　C.An announcement. D.An essay.

　　答案:C

　　解析:主旨大意題。通讀全文可知,本文是一則寫作比賽的通知,分別介紹了該比賽的主辦方、對參賽者的要求及其他條款。

　　B

　　Renaissance is a French word.It means ‘rebirth’.It’s a strange name for a period of history.What was it that was ‘reborn’ during the Renaissance?

　　To answer this question,we need to look back at the time of the Roman Empire.At this time Roman artists,scientists and writers influenced by Greek ideas were the world’s most advanced.They had become skilled observers of the natural world around them,and had become experts in studying animals,plants,the human body or the stars and planets.They wrote down their ideas about what they saw,and based their theories about the world on their observations.

　　During the fourth and fifth centuries the Roman Empire slowly broke down.Many of the Romans’ art and sculptures were destroyed and some manuscripts(原稿) were lost as well.But most importantly,some of the ancient attitudes were lost.A questioning approach to the world was replaced by an unquestioning one.

　　Why did this happen?One reason was to do with the influence of the Christian Church.Through the thousand years following the fall of the Roman Empire,the Church controlled many aspects of life including education and learning.The Church ran all the universities and thought that the aim of a university should be to teach old ideas more clearly,not to introduce new ones.The scholars in the universities were expected to study God and heaven from the Bible and ancient books,rather than the world around them.

　　Take medicine,for example.The main textbook for doctors had been written by a Greek doctor called Galen more than a thousand years earlier.But when Roger Bacon,a thirteenth-century priest(牧師),said that a new approach to medicine was needed—doctors should do their own original research instead of reading writers from the past such as Galen—the Church put him in prison.

　　By the time of the fourteenth century,however,some parts of the Christian Church were becoming less strict about their ideas and there was a new state of mind among artists,doctors and scientists.People wanted to find out more about the world by studying it.This attitude of investigation had been common in classical scholars,and it was ‘reborn’ during the Renaissance.

　　【語篇導讀】本文是說明文。“文藝復興”一詞來源于法語,意為“重生”,那么在文藝復興時期重生的是什么呢?本文給出了答案。

　　5.We know from the text that scientists at the time of the Roman Empire believed in 　.?

　　A.their companions’ observations

　　B.what they saw with their own eyes

　　C.what they learned from the Greeks

　　D.the most advanced theories at that time

　　答案:B

　　解析:細節理解題。根據第二段中的skilled observers及“They wrote down their ideas about what they saw,and based their theories about the world on their observations.”可知,羅馬帝國時期的科學家們善于觀察,他們相信自己看到的,并基于自己的觀察建立理論。

　　6.We can infer that students in the Church-controlled universities might 　.?

　　A.have good memories

　　B.change their beliefs

　　C.be lacking in creativity

　　D.be interested in astronomy

　　答案:C

　　解析:推理判斷題。根據第四段中的“the aim of a university should be to teach old ideas more clearly,not to introduce new ones...study God and heaven from the Bible and ancient books,rather than the world around them.”可知,在教會控制下的大學里,學生們只是機械地學習已有的知識,不去探究周圍的世界,這樣教育出來的學生必然缺乏創造力。

　　7.Roger Bacon was put in prison because he 　.?

　　A.gave up being a priest

　　B.challenged the Church

　　C.did some research secretly

　　D.showed no respect for Galen

　　答案:B

　　解析:細節理解題。根據倒數第二段內容可知,在教會的影響下,當時主要使用的醫學教科書是一千多年前蓋倫寫的。羅杰·培根對此提出了反對意見,他認為醫生應該自己作研究,而不是閱讀過去某個人寫的著作。正是因為羅杰·培根提出了與教會倡導相悖的意見,所以他被關進了監獄。

　　8.The text probably comes from a book about 　.?

　　A.medicine B.history

　　C.religion D.education

　　答案:B

　　解析:文章出處題。通讀全文可知,本文回答了“在文藝復興時期重生的是什么”的問題。有關文藝復興的話題屬于歷史的范疇,故選B項。

　　Ⅱ.七選五

　　Cheating scandal rocks India

　　A lot of parents help their kids do homework and study for school.1.?

　　A photographer in India’s Bihar state took a photo of dozens of parents risking their lives to help their 10th-graders cheat on tests.The parents climbed the walls of a four-story school to throw cheat sheets through the window for their children.

　　2.　 About 600 students were expelled(開除) from the school.And police had detained(拘留) more than 1,000 people connected with the scandal(丑聞).?

　　The tests the Bihar students were taking are called board exams.These exams help determine who will be considered the top students in each class.India’s best universities will take only students with a 95 percent score or better.3.?

　　Students who make it into India’s top universities have a much better chance of getting well-paid jobs.They can help their families by becoming doctors or engineers.Many of the students who don’t pursue(追求) these kinds of careers have a much more difficult time making money.

　　4.　 About 30 percent of its citizens are considered poor.In many parts of the country,a family of five might struggle to survive on as little as $80 a month.For students who do well,the exams can be a life-changing event for their families.?

　　Few believe the Bihar incident will stop people from cheating on exams.Many students assume that because others are cheating,they also have to cheat to keep up.5.?

　　Officials believe that new laws and policies will help only so much.To stop cheating,they say,people need to change their attitudes toward it.

　　A.India has a high poverty rate.

　　B.This cycle has proved very difficult to break.

　　C.The exam season can be called cheating season.

　　D.The government cannot stop cheating in exams.

　　E.The serious cheating outbreak did not go unpunished.

　　F.But the parents of some students in India have taken helping their kids to a new level.

　　G.As a result,students throughout the country are under great pressure to do well on the tests.

　　答案與解析:

　　【語篇導讀】本文是議論文。文章介紹了印度學生的作弊丑聞并分析了學生們作弊的原因。

　　1.F　解析:F項與上文的“A lot of parents help their kids do homework and study for school.”相呼應。

　　2.E　解析:下文提到參與作弊的人受到了懲罰——部分學生被開除、一些人被拘留。故E項最恰當。

　　3.G　解析:上文的“India’s best universities will take only students with a 95 percent score or better.”與G項是因果關系。

　　4.A　解析:下文的“About 30 percent of its citizens are considered poor...survive on as little as $80 a month.”是對A項的詳細說明。

　　5.B　解析:B項中的This cycle指代上文的“Many students assume that because others are cheating,they also have to cheat to keep up.”。

　　Ⅲ.短文改錯

　　(2024河南鄭州第二次質檢)

　　Dear Mandy,

　　I’m not doing well in my lessons at school,especial in maths.My dad says I must try hard because he wants me go to university.He thinks I’m lazy,but it’s not true.I work really hard,often study late into the night!I’ve tried to talk to my mother,but she always said I have to work as hard like my brother does.My brother doesn’t study very hard,and he always gets excellent grades.It’s not fair!

　　The only thing I like it is art.My teacher says I’m the best student she’s had for year.When I told my dad,all he said was,“You mustn’t waste your time in art.You must focus your mind on your lessons!”I’m feeling quite puzzling about what to do now.Would you please help me out?

　　Thanks a lot!

　　Yours sincerely,

　　Lisa

　　答案:

　　Dear Mandy,

　　I’m not doing well in my lessons at school,especial in maths.My dad says I must try hard because he wants me

　　go to university.He thinks I’m lazy,but it’s not true.I work really hard,often study late into the night!I’ve tried to talk to my mother,but she always said I have to work as hard like my brother does.My brother doesn’t study very hard,and he always gets excellent grades.It’s not fair!

　　The only thing I like

　　is art.My teacher says I’m the best student she’s had for year.When I told my dad,all he said was,“You mustn’t waste your time in art.You must focus your mind on your lessons!”I’m feeling quite puzzling about what to do now.Would you please help me out?

　　Thanks a lot!

　　Yours sincerely,

　　Lisa

　　考點規范練22(選修8　Theme A)

　　　考點規范練第44頁　?

　　.閱讀理解

　　A

　　Away with words

　　The Telegraph,an online news service,has teamed up with Saga,which provides products and services only for the over 50s,to hold a new competition to find the best travel writer.Three lucky winners will win a master class with two top Telegraph travel writers before traveling the world with Saga on one of three holidays of great comfort and pleasure.To enter,all you need to do is tell us something mysterious and wonderful about the world of travel—a favorite memory,a humorous tale,an unforgettable occasion or a sight worth writing about.

　　What we are looking for

　　You must be able to read not only those signs that help you find your way around but the ones that tell you how the locals tick.You must,in the words of Paul Theroux,an American travel writer,“describe exactly what you see and give it life with your imagination”.

　　In this competition,you can do that in anything from 150 words to 500,but they should be your words,and fresh ones.We do expect you not to hide the truth or the facts about your experience.Beyond that,you can make the most of the freedom travel writing gives you.

　　You’ll be editor as well as writer,so ensure those eyes are equally fresh when you check and recheck what you’ve written.We will make allowances for the occasional mistake,such as you have “fell” into a river.But we won’t put up with mistakes every few lines.

　　Terms & conditions

　　?Competitors must be aged 50 years or older.

　　?The judging process is divided into two stages:entries will be hosted on the website for one month.The top 20 articles will then be selected by public vote.The top three winners will be chosen by three judges.

　　?The closing date for entries is August 15.

　　【語篇導讀】本文是應用文。文章是一則旅游寫作比賽的通知。

　　1.The prizes for winners include 　.?

　　A.three wonderful holidays

　　B.the publication of their works

　　C.a chance to learn from excellent writers

　　D.an opportunity to work in the Telegraph

　　答案:C

　　解析:細節理解題。根據第一段中的“Three lucky winners will win a master class with two top Telegraph travel writers...”可知答案為C項。

　　2.Apart from writing ability,the competitors need to be 　.?

　　A.brave and creative

　　B.honest and careful

　　C.friendly and humorous

　　D.reliable and determined

　　答案:B

　　解析:推理判斷題。根據第三段中的“they should be your words,and fresh ones.We do expect you not to hide the truth or the facts about your experience.”可知,參賽者不能抄襲他人的文字,必須忠實于自己的經歷,由此可推測,參賽者需要誠實;根據第四段中的“You’ll be editor as well as writer,so ensure those eyes are equally fresh when you check and recheck what you’ve written...we won’t put up with mistakes every few lines.”可知,參賽者需要仔細,避免過多的錯誤。

　　3.The final winners will be selected by 　.?

　　A.the public

　　B.three chosen judges

　　C.Paul Theroux

　　D.two top Telegraph travel writers

　　答案:B

　　解析:細節理解題。根據最后一部分中的“The top three winners will be chosen by three judges.”可知答案為B項。

　　4.What type of writing is this text?

　　A.A travel guide.　B.A writing guide.

　　C.An announcement. D.An essay.

　　答案:C

　　解析:主旨大意題。通讀全文可知,本文是一則寫作比賽的通知,分別介紹了該比賽的主辦方、對參賽者的要求及其他條款。

　　B

　　Renaissance is a French word.It means ‘rebirth’.It’s a strange name for a period of history.What was it that was ‘reborn’ during the Renaissance?

　　To answer this question,we need to look back at the time of the Roman Empire.At this time Roman artists,scientists and writers influenced by Greek ideas were the world’s most advanced.They had become skilled observers of the natural world around them,and had become experts in studying animals,plants,the human body or the stars and planets.They wrote down their ideas about what they saw,and based their theories about the world on their observations.

　　During the fourth and fifth centuries the Roman Empire slowly broke down.Many of the Romans’ art and sculptures were destroyed and some manuscripts(原稿) were lost as well.But most importantly,some of the ancient attitudes were lost.A questioning approach to the world was replaced by an unquestioning one.

　　Why did this happen?One reason was to do with the influence of the Christian Church.Through the thousand years following the fall of the Roman Empire,the Church controlled many aspects of life including education and learning.The Church ran all the universities and thought that the aim of a university should be to teach old ideas more clearly,not to introduce new ones.The scholars in the universities were expected to study God and heaven from the Bible and ancient books,rather than the world around them.

　　Take medicine,for example.The main textbook for doctors had been written by a Greek doctor called Galen more than a thousand years earlier.But when Roger Bacon,a thirteenth-century priest(牧師),said that a new approach to medicine was needed—doctors should do their own original research instead of reading writers from the past such as Galen—the Church put him in prison.

　　By the time of the fourteenth century,however,some parts of the Christian Church were becoming less strict about their ideas and there was a new state of mind among artists,doctors and scientists.People wanted to find out more about the world by studying it.This attitude of investigation had been common in classical scholars,and it was ‘reborn’ during the Renaissance.

　　【語篇導讀】本文是說明文。“文藝復興”一詞來源于法語,意為“重生”,那么在文藝復興時期重生的是什么呢?本文給出了答案。

　　5.We know from the text that scientists at the time of the Roman Empire believed in 　.?

　　A.their companions’ observations

　　B.what they saw with their own eyes

　　C.what they learned from the Greeks

　　D.the most advanced theories at that time

　　答案:B

　　解析:細節理解題。根據第二段中的skilled observers及“They wrote down their ideas about what they saw,and based their theories about the world on their observations.”可知,羅馬帝國時期的科學家們善于觀察,他們相信自己看到的,并基于自己的觀察建立理論。

　　6.We can infer that students in the Church-controlled universities might 　.?

　　A.have good memories

　　B.change their beliefs

　　C.be lacking in creativity

　　D.be interested in astronomy

　　答案:C

　　解析:推理判斷題。根據第四段中的“the aim of a university should be to teach old ideas more clearly,not to introduce new ones...study God and heaven from the Bible and ancient books,rather than the world around them.”可知,在教會控制下的大學里,學生們只是機械地學習已有的知識,不去探究周圍的世界,這樣教育出來的學生必然缺乏創造力。

　　7.Roger Bacon was put in prison because he 　.?

　　A.gave up being a priest

　　B.challenged the Church

　　C.did some research secretly

　　D.showed no respect for Galen

　　答案:B

　　解析:細節理解題。根據倒數第二段內容可知,在教會的影響下,當時主要使用的醫學教科書是一千多年前蓋倫寫的。羅杰·培根對此提出了反對意見,他認為醫生應該自己作研究,而不是閱讀過去某個人寫的著作。正是因為羅杰·培根提出了與教會倡導相悖的意見,所以他被關進了監獄。

　　8.The text probably comes from a book about 　.?

　　A.medicine B.history

　　C.religion D.education

　　答案:B

　　解析:文章出處題。通讀全文可知,本文回答了“在文藝復興時期重生的是什么”的問題。有關文藝復興的話題屬于歷史的范疇,故選B項。

　　Ⅱ.七選五

　　Cheating scandal rocks India

　　A lot of parents help their kids do homework and study for school.1.?

　　A photographer in India’s Bihar state took a photo of dozens of parents risking their lives to help their 10th-graders cheat on tests.The parents climbed the walls of a four-story school to throw cheat sheets through the window for their children.

　　2.　 About 600 students were expelled(開除) from the school.And police had detained(拘留) more than 1,000 people connected with the scandal(丑聞).?

　　The tests the Bihar students were taking are called board exams.These exams help determine who will be considered the top students in each class.India’s best universities will take only students with a 95 percent score or better.3.?

　　Students who make it into India’s top universities have a much better chance of getting well-paid jobs.They can help their families by becoming doctors or engineers.Many of the students who don’t pursue(追求) these kinds of careers have a much more difficult time making money.

　　4.　 About 30 percent of its citizens are considered poor.In many parts of the country,a family of five might struggle to survive on as little as $80 a month.For students who do well,the exams can be a life-changing event for their families.?

　　Few believe the Bihar incident will stop people from cheating on exams.Many students assume that because others are cheating,they also have to cheat to keep up.5.?

　　Officials believe that new laws and policies will help only so much.To stop cheating,they say,people need to change their attitudes toward it.

　　A.India has a high poverty rate.

　　B.This cycle has proved very difficult to break.

　　C.The exam season can be called cheating season.

　　D.The government cannot stop cheating in exams.

　　E.The serious cheating outbreak did not go unpunished.

　　F.But the parents of some students in India have taken helping their kids to a new level.

　　G.As a result,students throughout the country are under great pressure to do well on the tests.

　　答案與解析:

　　【語篇導讀】本文是議論文。文章介紹了印度學生的作弊丑聞并分析了學生們作弊的原因。

　　1.F　解析:F項與上文的“A lot of parents help their kids do homework and study for school.”相呼應。

　　2.E　解析:下文提到參與作弊的人受到了懲罰——部分學生被開除、一些人被拘留。故E項最恰當。

　　3.G　解析:上文的“India’s best universities will take only students with a 95 percent score or better.”與G項是因果關系。

　　4.A　解析:下文的“About 30 percent of its citizens are considered poor...survive on as little as $80 a month.”是對A項的詳細說明。

　　5.B　解析:B項中的This cycle指代上文的“Many students assume that because others are cheating,they also have to cheat to keep up.”。

　　Ⅲ.短文改錯

　　(2024河南鄭州第二次質檢)

　　Dear Mandy,

　　I’m not doing well in my lessons at school,especial in maths.My dad says I must try hard because he wants me go to university.He thinks I’m lazy,but it’s not true.I work really hard,often study late into the night!I’ve tried to talk to my mother,but she always said I have to work as hard like my brother does.My brother doesn’t study very hard,and he always gets excellent grades.It’s not fair!

　　The only thing I like it is art.My teacher says I’m the best student she’s had for year.When I told my dad,all he said was,“You mustn’t waste your time in art.You must focus your mind on your lessons!”I’m feeling quite puzzling about what to do now.Would you please help me out?

　　Thanks a lot!

　　Yours sincerely,

　　Lisa

　　答案:

　　Dear Mandy,

　　I’m not doing well in my lessons at school,especial in maths.My dad says I must try hard because he wants me

　　go to university.He thinks I’m lazy,but it’s not true.I work really hard,often study late into the night!I’ve tried to talk to my mother,but she always said I have to work as hard like my brother does.My brother doesn’t study very hard,and he always gets excellent grades.It’s not fair!

　　The only thing I like

　　is art.My teacher says I’m the best student she’s had for year.When I told my dad,all he said was,“You mustn’t waste your time in art.You must focus your mind on your lessons!”I’m feeling quite puzzling about what to do now.Would you please help me out?

　　Thanks a lot!

　　Yours sincerely,

　　Lisa