2024屆高考英語一輪復習語法訓練：第三講 介詞與介詞短語（北師大版）
第三講介詞與介詞短語
單句語法填空
1．(2024·全國卷Ⅰ語法填空)For those who fly to Guilin, it's only an hour away by car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.
2．(2024·全國卷Ⅱ語法填空)When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day; at the same time, they warm up again for the night.
3．(2024·廣東高考語法填空)He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby for other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what was left.
4．(2024·全國卷Ⅱ語法填空)I got a place next to the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk.
5．(2024·廣東高考語法填空)I didn't understand why this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.
6．(2024·遼寧高考語法填空)Don't laugh at me. I may look funny.
一、介詞
1．表示方位的at, in, on, to, beside/by和near
介詞 用法 示例
at 一般指在較小的地方 I met him at the shop.
in 一般指在較大的地方，或在某一范圍內 They arrived in Beijing yesterday.
Shandong Province lies in the east of China.
on 一般指在物體的表面，或相鄰并接壤的兩個地域 The picture is hanging on the wall.
Vietnam is on the south of China.
to 表示某范圍外不接壤的兩位置 Jiangsu Province is to the southeast of Hebei Province.
beside
/by “在……的旁邊” She was standing beside her mother.
There is a small house by the river.
near “接近；靠近” There is a supermarket near my home.
2．表示方位的between和among
介詞 用法 示例
between 在兩者或每兩者之間 I sat down between Sue and Jane.
among 在三者或三者以上之間 The teacher was standing among the students.
3．表示方位的across, through, over和past
介詞 用法 示例
across 從……的表面穿過 He walked across the square to meet us.
through 從……的內部穿過 The guide led us through the forest.
over 從……的上面跨過 The thief jumped over the fence and fled away.
past 從……的旁邊經過 She walked past the shop.
4．表示時間點的at, in和on
介詞 用法 示例
at 表示在某個時間點、時刻或重大節日 at 9：00; at noon; at daybreak; at Christmas
in 表示在某個較長的時間內，如世紀、朝代或年月；泛指的上午、下午、傍晚 in the 21st century; in September; in the morning
on 表示在具體某一天或具體某一天的上午、下午、晚上 on 2nd, September; on the morning of 1st, May
5．表示時間段的for和since
介詞 用法 示例
for “for＋時間段”意為“多長時間”，表示動作持續的時間長短，一般作完成時、過去時或將來時的時間狀語 He has lived in the small village for five years.
I studied in Peking University for 4 years.
since “since＋時間點”意為“自從(過去某時)以來”，作完成時的時間狀語 He has worked in this company since graduation.
Tom has been doing his homework since 7 o'clock.
6．表示交通方式的by, in和on
介詞 用法 示例
by “by＋名詞”表示交通方式時，名詞前不加冠詞 My brother usually goes to school by bike.
in/on in/on后的名詞必須有冠詞或代詞等修飾 My father often goes to work in his car/on his bicycle.
7．表示“用……”的by, in和with
介詞 用法 示例
by 指“靠……手段，用……方法，憑借……”，后可接名詞、代詞或動名詞 He made a living by selling newspapers when he was young.
in 多用于表示語言、材料的名詞前 All the applicants are required to fill in the form in ink.
with 多用于表示有形的工具或身體器官的名詞前 They are busy digging with spades.
8．表示“除……外”的except, except for和besides
介詞 用法 示例
except 表示“除……之外(其他的都)”，其后的賓語是被排除在外的，側重同類事物的排除 All my friends took part in the party except John.
except for 其后被排除的內容與主語往往不是同一類的 His composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.
besides 表示“除……之外(其他的也)”，其后的賓語是被包括在內的 He has learned German, French besides English.
9．其他常考介詞的用法
(1)against的用法
含義 示例
(表示態度)反對 An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are against it.
(表示對比)以……為背景 The skier's red clothes stood out clearly against the snow.
(表示方位)倚靠著…… The girl was leaning against the wall with her arms folded.
(2)beyond的用法
含義 示例
(表示位置)在……另一邊，在……更遠處 The small village is 20 miles beyond the town.
(表示時間)晚于…… He delayed the matter beyond the fixed time.
(表示程度)超出，非……所能及 To be acknowledged as the first to receive this honor is beyond expression in words for me.
(3)over的用法
含義 示例
(表示方位)越過 The airplane flew over the mountains and disappeared in the distance.
(表示等級或數目)高于，在……之上，超過 He has got the job because he has the advantage over others of knowing many languages.
(表示時間或過程)在……期間 I'm sorry I didn't phone you, but I've been very busy over the past couple of weeks.
(4)to的用法
含義 示例
(表示方向、距離)到，向，去 It was on the way to the railway station.
(表示時間)直到……為止，到 He wakes at a quarter to six every morning.
(表示比較、比例、參照)與……相比，相對于……而言 I prefer oranges to apples.
(表示對象關系)屬于，對，給 The hospital is attached to the university.
達到(某一點或某個限度) Temperatures dropped to 25 degrees below zero.
(5)under的用法
含義 示例
在……下面，在……之下 She placed the ladder under the window.
在……過程中 The possibility of employing more staff is still under discussion.
(數字、數量、年齡或價格)低于，少于，在……以下 These toys are not suitable for children under five.
受……影響 She's been under a lot of pressure at work.
(6)with的用法
含義 示例
和……一起，和，同，跟 Would you like to go shopping with me？
(表示同時或同一方向)隨著 With time going by, the little tree has grown up.
具有，帶有 The dictionary is what I want, but I don't have enough money with me.
由于，因為 He trembled with fear.
(表示方式)用 He cut it with a knife.
二、介詞短語
介詞的固定搭配考查有兩種：一是考查固定搭配中的介詞；二是考查介詞短語。
①While staying in the village, James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the
villagers without asking for anything in return.(2024·浙江高考單選)
當詹姆斯住在這個村里的時候，他無私地把他的任何東西都與村民分享而不圖任何回報。
②On behalf of everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country.(2024·遼寧高考單選)
我代表在場的所有人祝你歸國旅途愉快。
[知識積累]介詞的常用搭配一覽
1．介詞與名詞的常用搭配
(1)at＋n.表示狀態
at a loss 不知所措 at peace 處于和平中
at war 在戰爭中
at work 在工作
(2)其他以at開頭的介詞短語
at the beginning of
在……的開始
at the cost of
以……的代價
at the risk of
冒……的危險
at the mercy of
在……支配下；任由……擺布
(3)on＋n.表示狀態
on exhibition/show 在展出
on fire 著火
on sale 出售，打折
on the way 在途中
on the decrease/increase在減少/在增加
on holiday/vacation 在度假
on duty/guard 在值班/站崗
(4)其他以on開頭的介詞短語
on account of 因為
on behalf of 代表
on no account/condition 決不
(5)by＋n.表示方式
by accident 偶然
by air/plane 乘飛機
by chance 偶然
by coincidence 碰巧
by hand 用手工
by mistake 錯誤地
by the day 按天算
by nature 天生地
(6)in＋n.表示方式
in cash 用現金付款
in width 在寬度上
in depth 在深度上
in detail 詳細地
in size 在大小上
in height 在高度上
in length 在長度上
in English 用英語
(7)其他以in開頭的介詞短語
in need of 需要in no case 決不
in no time立刻
in no way 決不
in place of 代替
in possession of 擁有，占有
in addition to 另外
in charge of 掌管……
in response to作為回應
in return 作為回報
in spite of 盡管
in exchange for 作為交換
in favor of 支持，贊成
in case of 萬一；如果；假如
in celebration of 為慶祝……
in control of 管理；控制；操縱
in honour of 為向……表示敬意
in memory of 為了紀念……
in support of 為支持……
in the charge of 在……的管理下
in the direction of 在……方向
in the face of 面對……
(8)of＋n.表示特征(等于相應的形容詞)
of benefit 有益處的 of help 有幫助的
of importance 重要的
of significance 有意義的
of use 有用的
of value 有價值的
(9)out of＋n.表示狀態
out of balance 失去平衡
out of breath 上氣不接下氣
out of control 不受控制
out of date 過期
out of debt 不欠債
out of order 出故障
out of shape 走樣，不成形
out of sight 看不到
out of the question 不可能
out of work 失業
(10)under＋n.表示被動
under attack 遭到襲擊
under discussion 在討論中
under pressure 在壓力下
under treatment 在治療中
under control 處于控制之中
under construction 在建造中
(11)with＋n.表示方式
with delight/joy 高興地
with difficulty 困難地
with ease輕而易舉地
with fear 害怕地
with pleasure 樂意地
(12)beyond＋n.表示“超出……，難以……”
beyond compare無與倫比
beyond reach夠不到
beyond description難以描述
beyond doubt不用懷疑，確實地
beyond expression/words難以表達
2．介詞與形容詞的常用搭配
(1)be＋adj.＋about
be anxious about
憂慮……
be curious about
對……好奇
be particular about
對……講究/挑剔
be worried/concerned about
對……擔心
(2)be＋adj.＋at
be angry at因……生氣
be good at擅長
be astonished at對……吃驚
be present at出席
be disappointed at對……失望
(3)be＋adj.＋in
be absorbed in專注于……
be active in積極于……
be dressed in穿著……
be engaged in 忙于……
be rich in富含……
be occupied in忙于……
be interested in對……感興趣
be involved in包括在……中，被卷入
(4)be＋adj.＋for
be eager for渴望……
be famous for以……著名
be fit for適合，勝任……
be hungry for渴望……
be ready for準備好……
be sorry for對……感到抱歉
be thankful for因……而感激
be anxious for急切盼望，渴望……
be prepared for為……做好準備
(5)be＋adj.＋from
be absent from 缺席
be different from 不同于
be far from 遠離
be free from 不受……影響
(6)be＋adj.＋to
be close to接近……
be contrary to與……相反
be devoted to致力于……
be equal to等于……
be familiar to 對……來說熟悉
be friendly to 對……友好
be good to對……有好處
be grateful to對……心存感激
be harmful to對……有危害
be kind to對……友好
be opposed to反對……
be similar to與……相似
be/get used to (變得)習慣于……
(7)be＋adj.＋of
be aware of意識到……
be fond of喜歡……
be full of充滿……
be proud of因……而自豪
be short of缺乏……
be tired of厭煩……
be ashamed of為……感到羞恥
(8)be＋adj.＋with
be busy with忙于……
be filled with充滿
be combined with與……結合
be content with對……滿意
be covered with被……覆蓋
be familiar with對……熟悉
be patient with對……有耐心
