十二、句子的類型

　　(一)按句子的結構分，英語句子有以下四個類型 型式 例句 附注 簡單句 I am a student. He and I are students. He can speak and write English well. Li Ming and Zhang Hua often studied, worked and lived together then. 一個主語加上一個謂語。 (2)兩個或兩個以上的主語加上兩個或兩個以上的謂語。 型式 例句 附注 并列句 He made a promise, but he didn't keep it.

　　He's tall while she is short.

　　I must be off now, for my sister is expecting me.

　　He is busy, so we'll give him a hand.

　　只有兩個或兩個以上的主謂結構并列，互不依從，才叫并列句，通常有并列連詞把這些主謂結構連接起來。常用的連詞有：and, so, but, for, etc.。

　　型式 例句 附注 復合句 I have to hurry to the shop before it closes.

　　He was an old man who wore thick glasses.

　　I don't know why he was late.

　　由一個主要的主謂結構(主句)加上一個或幾個次要的主謂結構(從句)構成復合句(即主從復合句)。從句通常由關聯詞引出，在句子中充當某個成分。

　　型式 例句 附注 并列復合

　　句 I said that I had no time, but he insisted that I should go with him.

　　I asked him who the lady was and he replied that she was his teacher 5 years ago.

　　在并列句的一個或多個分句中，又含有一個或多個從句，就構成并列復合句(即含有復合句的并列句)。

　　(二)簡單句的五個基本句型 結構 例句 附注 主語＋連系動詞＋表語 He is a teacher. She became silent. The dish smells good. It looks fine. 連系動詞可分成三類： （1）表狀態：be, seem, look, remain, etc. (2)表發展變化：get, go, grow, turn, etc. (3)感覺，知覺：feel, smell, sound, taste, look. 結構 例句 附注 主語＋不及物動詞

　　The car stopped.

　　Tom died.

　　He works hard.

　　It rained heavily.

　　(1)因表達的需要，這類句子通常帶上狀語。

　　(2)這類句子沒有被動語態。

　　結構 例句 附注 主語＋及物動詞＋賓語

　　They enjoy the play.

　　We study English.

　　They hurt me.

　　You shall have two weeks.

　　We are living a happy life.

　　這類句子大多能變成被動語態，但有的動賓結構不行，如左邊的四、五兩句。另外，下句要視為動狀結構：He walked 20 kilometres.

　　結構 例句 附注 主語＋及物動詞＋間接賓語＋直接賓語(即雙賓語)

　　(A)He gave me some money.

　　→He gave some money to me.

　　He showed me the picture.

　　→He showed the picture to me.

　　(B)He bought me a book.

　　→He bought a book for me.

　　She has found the boy a place.

　　→She has found a place for the boy.

　　(1)(A)類動詞常用的有：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, show, take, tell, throw, write，etc.(B)類動詞常用的有：buy, book, fetch, find, get, keep, make, pay, read, etc.

　　(2)這類句子若變成被動語態，可依說話人表達需要，將任意一個賓語作主語都行。(留在賓語位置上的被稱為“保留賓語”)例：

　　I has given some money.

　　Some money was given (to) me.

　　(3)若兩個賓語都是人稱代詞，則：

　　He gave it to me.(√)

　　He gave me it.(×)

　　結構 例句 附注 主語＋及物動詞＋賓語＋賓語補足語(賓語＋賓補合起來稱為復合賓語)

　　I found the book very interesting.

　　We made him monitor.

　　He found the teacher out.

　　He feels everything in good condition.

　　Mother asked me to see Grandparents.

　　Mother let me go to see Grandparents.

　　Someone saw the girl wandering in the street.

　　He had the window broken.

　　(1)賓補通常由adj.，n.，adv.，prep-phr.，to-v，v-ing，v-ed充當。 (2)n.作賓補時，補語是賓語的內容或屬性。例：We call her Xiao Hong.補語Xiao Hong與賓語her是同一個人，句子變被動語態時只能將賓語變成主語(She is called Xiao Hong.)。而雙賓語通常一個指人，一個指物(He gave me a book.)句子變被動語態時選其中任何一個賓語作主語都行。

　　十二、句子的類型

　　(一)按句子的結構分，英語句子有以下四個類型 型式 例句 附注 簡單句 I am a student. He and I are students. He can speak and write English well. Li Ming and Zhang Hua often studied, worked and lived together then. 一個主語加上一個謂語。 (2)兩個或兩個以上的主語加上兩個或兩個以上的謂語。 型式 例句 附注 并列句 He made a promise, but he didn't keep it.

　　He's tall while she is short.

　　I must be off now, for my sister is expecting me.

　　He is busy, so we'll give him a hand.

　　只有兩個或兩個以上的主謂結構并列，互不依從，才叫并列句，通常有并列連詞把這些主謂結構連接起來。常用的連詞有：and, so, but, for, etc.。

　　型式 例句 附注 復合句 I have to hurry to the shop before it closes.

　　He was an old man who wore thick glasses.

　　I don't know why he was late.

　　由一個主要的主謂結構(主句)加上一個或幾個次要的主謂結構(從句)構成復合句(即主從復合句)。從句通常由關聯詞引出，在句子中充當某個成分。

　　型式 例句 附注 并列復合

　　句 I said that I had no time, but he insisted that I should go with him.

　　I asked him who the lady was and he replied that she was his teacher 5 years ago.

　　在并列句的一個或多個分句中，又含有一個或多個從句，就構成并列復合句(即含有復合句的并列句)。

　　(二)簡單句的五個基本句型 結構 例句 附注 主語＋連系動詞＋表語 He is a teacher. She became silent. The dish smells good. It looks fine. 連系動詞可分成三類： （1）表狀態：be, seem, look, remain, etc. (2)表發展變化：get, go, grow, turn, etc. (3)感覺，知覺：feel, smell, sound, taste, look. 結構 例句 附注 主語＋不及物動詞

　　The car stopped.

　　Tom died.

　　He works hard.

　　It rained heavily.

　　(1)因表達的需要，這類句子通常帶上狀語。

　　(2)這類句子沒有被動語態。

　　結構 例句 附注 主語＋及物動詞＋賓語

　　They enjoy the play.

　　We study English.

　　They hurt me.

　　You shall have two weeks.

　　We are living a happy life.

　　這類句子大多能變成被動語態，但有的動賓結構不行，如左邊的四、五兩句。另外，下句要視為動狀結構：He walked 20 kilometres.

　　結構 例句 附注 主語＋及物動詞＋間接賓語＋直接賓語(即雙賓語)

　　(A)He gave me some money.

　　→He gave some money to me.

　　He showed me the picture.

　　→He showed the picture to me.

　　(B)He bought me a book.

　　→He bought a book for me.

　　She has found the boy a place.

　　→She has found a place for the boy.

　　(1)(A)類動詞常用的有：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, show, take, tell, throw, write，etc.(B)類動詞常用的有：buy, book, fetch, find, get, keep, make, pay, read, etc.

　　(2)這類句子若變成被動語態，可依說話人表達需要，將任意一個賓語作主語都行。(留在賓語位置上的被稱為“保留賓語”)例：

　　I has given some money.

　　Some money was given (to) me.

　　(3)若兩個賓語都是人稱代詞，則：

　　He gave it to me.(√)

　　He gave me it.(×)

　　結構 例句 附注 主語＋及物動詞＋賓語＋賓語補足語(賓語＋賓補合起來稱為復合賓語)

　　I found the book very interesting.

　　We made him monitor.

　　He found the teacher out.

　　He feels everything in good condition.

　　Mother asked me to see Grandparents.

　　Mother let me go to see Grandparents.

　　Someone saw the girl wandering in the street.

　　He had the window broken.

　　(1)賓補通常由adj.，n.，adv.，prep-phr.，to-v，v-ing，v-ed充當。 (2)n.作賓補時，補語是賓語的內容或屬性。例：We call her Xiao Hong.補語Xiao Hong與賓語her是同一個人，句子變被動語態時只能將賓語變成主語(She is called Xiao Hong.)。而雙賓語通常一個指人，一個指物(He gave me a book.)句子變被動語態時選其中任何一個賓語作主語都行。