重慶市2024高考英語閱讀理解選編（37）（附解析）

　　【2024模擬題】 閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。

　　In the late 1990s, a family visited the school where I taught deaf students. They said they would be moving here and planned to send their deaf daughter to my school as a first grader. They were upset that their child’s kindergarten teacher told them not to have high hopes for her. The teacher painted a bleak (暗淡的) picture for their little girl’s future. Standing behind them was Katherine, a beautiful five-year-old with long hair and dark eyes. The whole time her parents were there she didn’t make a sound or use sign language, even when her parents asked her to do so.

　　After a few weeks with Katherine, I discovered I was dealing with a very bright child. Although I was able to make her join in different learning activities, writing was always a struggle. I tried all kinds of methods to interest her in writing. Every time the pencils came out, she would refuse to write.

　　One day Katherine got off her bus and stood in front of the school crying. The teachers there did not know enough sign language to ask her what happened. Finally they led her into the office where they handed her a pen and a piece of paper. Katherine wrote: “PAC BAK.” Immediately the teachers realized she left her backpack on the bus. They called the bus driver back to school and soon Katherine got her backpack back.

　　That day Katherine discovered the power of the pen. From then on she fell in love with writing. She is a young woman now and has become an excellent writer, public speaker and student leader.

　　1. When the author first met her, Katherine _____.

　　A. kept silent????????????????

　　B. kept crying

　　C. was studying ?????????

　　D. was unhappy

　　2. What was Katherine’s problem after a few weeks with the author?

　　A. She didn’t like to write at all.

　　B. She couldn’t use sign language.

　　C. She always left her backpack on the bus.

　　D. She had no interest in learning activities.

　　3. What’s the meaning of “Katherine discovered the power of the pen”?

　　A. Katherine used a pen for the first time.

　　B. Katherine became interested in writing.

　　C. Katherine understood how to use the pen. D. Katherine knew what the pen was used for.

　　(學校生活)本文是記敘文。文章介紹了聾啞兒童凱瑟琳如何開始對寫作感興趣。

　　1. A。細節理解題。根據第一段的The whole time her parents were there she didn’t make a sound or use sign language, even when her parents asked her to do so可知，作者第一次見凱瑟琳的時候，她一直保持沉默。

　　2. A。細節理解題。根據第二段的writing was always a struggle ... Every time the pencils came out, she would refuse to write可知，與凱瑟琳相處幾周后，作者發現她一直抗拒寫作。

　　3. B。推理判斷題。根據最后一段的From then on she fell in love with writing可知，從凱瑟琳的書包失而復得那天起，她發現了筆的力量。如今的她已成為一名優秀的作家、演講家和學生領導者。由此可知，從那天起她對寫作產生了興趣。

　　閱讀理解2024·煙臺3月診斷性考試Fahad Azad，an engineer in India，invented a robot named DuctBot.The toy-car sized DuctBot measured 23 centimeters in length,19 centimeters in width and 9 centimeters in height and weighs just two kilograms.

　　The robot is designed to snake through dark，narrow air conditioning ducts (管道) and clean them.A pair of LEDs fitted on the robot light up the dirty scenery，so it can be captured (抓拍) by a camera.

　　In order to control it more easily，Mr Azad chooses to fix DuctBot on wheels.The robot can clean off lots of dirt，as well as dead pigeons and insects.Keeping indoor air in good quality and monitoring carbon-dioxide levels in buildings with central air conditioning is a challenge.It is important in some places where clean air can mean a difference between life and death，such as hospitals.Dirty air has a bad influence on people’s health.

　　EPSCO，a Dubai-based company which specializes in improving indoor air quality，read about Mr Azad’s invention in a national newspaper after he had won an international robotics competition.EPSCO had cleaning equipment，but it needed someone to get into those ducts to do the dirty，dangerous work.Across India，for example，the task still falls to children.They are small enough to go through those ducts.

　　In 2005，Mr Azad who was still at university decided to do something about it.Six years later his own company，Robosoft Systems，has Bluestar，EPSCO and the Indian Navy，some leading air condition makers，as partners.

　　Mr Azad and his ten employees are currently exploring robot designs to examine oil tanks or sewage (污水) pipes.Their biggest challenge is to make the robots user-friendly enough.Mr Azad hopes that the robot could eventually be operated not by engineers but by workers.There will be lots of difficulties they need to overcome in the future.

　　1．What can we learn about Ductbot?

　　A．It is a toy car and popular with children.

　　B．It is designed to move like a snake in the ducts.

　　C．many LEDs are fitted on it to tell its location.

　　D．It is actually a camera to capture dirty scenery.

　　2．The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refers to “________”．

　　A．the cameraB．the conditioning duct

　　C．the LED light

　　D．the dirty scenery

　　3．What can the Ductbot do for us?

　　A．Clean off the dirt in the ducts.

　　B．Control the central conditioning.

　　C．Reduce carbon-dioxide in buildings.

　　D．Protect more animals in city.

　　4. According to the text，EPSCO________.

　　A．has won an international robotics competition

　　B．hired children to clean the dirty ducts in the past

　　C．is the only partner of Robosoft Systems

　　D．specializes in improving people’s health

　　5．What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

　　A．Only engineers can operate the Ductbot now.

　　B．New ways have been found to examine oil tanks.

　　C．Azad’s difficulties are impossible to overcome.

　　D．Azad’s team are working to improve their robot designs.

　　語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了印度的一名工程師發明了一種可以進入空調管道來清理空調灰塵的機器人。

　　1．解析：　細節理解題。根據文章第二段第一句“The robot is designed to snake through dark，narrow air conditioning ducts (管道) and clean them.”可知，它像蛇一樣在管道中行走。

　　答案：　B

　　2．解析：　指代判斷題。根據文章第二段第二句“A pair of LEDs fitted on the robot light up the dirty scenery”并結合下文可推知，此處的it代指的是the dirty scenery，故答案D符合文意。

　　答案：　D

　　3．解析：　細節理解題。根據文章第二段第一句“The robot is designed to snake through dark，narrow air conditioning ducts (管道) and clean them.”和第三段的第二句“The robot can clean off lots of dirt...”可知，這種機器人可以清理管道里的垃圾。

　　答案：　A

　　4．解析：　細節理解題。根據文章第四段的第二句和第三句“EPSCO had cleaning equipment，but it needed someone to get into those ducts to

　　the dirty，dangerous work.Across India，for example，the task still falls to children”可知，EPSCO公司在過去經常雇傭小孩來清理管道垃圾。

　　答案：　B

　　5．解析：　段落大意題。根據文章最后一段的前兩句“Mr Azad and his ten employees are currently exploring robot designs to examine oil tanks or sewage (污水) pipes.Their biggest challenge is to make the robots user-friendly enough.”和整體理解可知，本段主要講的是Azad團隊正在致力于改善自己的機器人設計，故答案D符合文意。

　　答案：　D.閱讀理解2024·山東省濰坊市五校聯合高三下學期期中考試At times my mom has been uncomfortable seeing these qualities in me.For example，when I was 12，I went to Puerto Rico all by myself to stay with my grandmother for the summer.My mom was extremely nervous about it.She kept telling me how things were different in Puerto Rico，to always put on sunscreen，not to wander away from my grandmother，and other warnings.She helped me pack and did not leave the airport until she saw my plane take off.

　　But despite her worries，she let me go on my own.As I moved into my teens，she continued to give me space to grow and learn，even when it might have been difficult for her.When I reached my senior year，I decided to move away for college.Once again I found that I differed from my peers：While many of them wanted to stay close to home，I couldn’t wait to be out in the world on my own.While my mom may not have been happy at the thought of my going away，she was supportive and excited for me.

　　One big thing I realized during my senior year，as my mom granted me more freedom，was that she actually believes in me and trusts me.That means a lot.Most of my life，and especially when I was little，the main person I tried to impress in my schoolwork or other things was my mother.I knew she expected nothing but the best from me.Sometimes it was hard to live up to her standards；getting a single B on my report card would make me feel bad because I knew she wanted me to have all A’s.

　　I know that her high standards have helped me stay focused on what’s important，like education，and made me who I am.I am thankful for her support and involvement in my life.Most of all I respect her.She is the strongest woman I know and that’s why I have turned out so strong and independent.

　　1．When the author decided to go to Puerto Rico，his mother________.

　　A．wanted to go with him

　　B．worried about his safety

　　C．didn’t allow him to do so

　　D．asked his grandmother for advice

　　2．The author decided to move away for college to________.

　　A．be different from his peers

　　B．keep away from his mother

　　C．be independent in the outside world

　　D．make his mother unhappy

　　3．We can learn from the third paragraph that the author’s mother________.

　　A．had a high expectation of him

　　B．was too strict with him

　　C．used to expect nothing from him

　　D．cared little about his learning

　　4．We can learn from the last paragraph that the author________.

　　A．is quite grateful for his mother’s trust

　　B．still doesn’t quite understand his mother’s attitude

　　C．doesn’t like his mother’s involvement in his life

　　D．wishes to have more freedom from his mother

　　5．In the passage，the author mainly wants to tell us________.

　　A．his long way to becoming independent

　　B．his good relationship with his mother

　　C．the importance of a mother’s trust and support

　　D．his mother’s deep love for him

　　語篇解讀　作者做每一次決定時，母親都會給予信任和支持，使作者最終變得強大、獨立。

　　1．解析：　考查細節理解。從文章第一段母親的諸多叮囑和警告可知，母親為作者的安全擔心。

　　答案：　B

　　2．解析：　考查細節理解。從文章第二段倒數第二句中的“I couldn’t wait to be out in the world on my own”可知，作者是想在外獨立。

　　答案：　C

　　3．解析：　考查細節理解。從文章第三段中的“I knew she expected nothing but the best from me.”可知，母親對作者期望很高。

　　答案：　A

　　4．解析：　考查推理判斷。從文章最后一段最后三句話可知，作者對母親給予自己的信任十分感激。

　　答案：　A

　　5．解析：　考查推理判斷。綜合全文可知，母親的信任和支持使作者能夠獨立而強大，因此可知，本文的主要目的是說明母親對孩子信任和支持的重要性。

　　答案：C, 從給的四個選項 (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項。

　　(2024·哈爾濱市質檢，C)

　　Your name made you do it, though unconsciously, suggests new research that finds your name can negatively make you achieve less.

　　Psychologists at Yale and the University of California, San Diego studying the unconscious influence of names say a preference for our own names and initials—the “nameletter effect”—can have some negative consequences.

　　Students whose names begin with C or D get lower grades than those whose names begin with A or B; major league baseball players whose first or last names began with K are significantly more likely to strike out.

　　Assistant professors Leif Nelson of UCSD and Joseph Simmons of Yale have conducted five studies over five years using information from thousands of individuals.

　　“The conscious process is that baseball players want to get a hit and students want to get A's，” Nelson says. “So if you get a change in performance in agreement with the nameletter effect, it clearly shows there must be some unconscious desire operating in the other direction.”

　　The researchers' work supports a series of studies published since 2002 that have found the “nameletter effect” causes people to make life choices based on names that resemble (類似) their own. Those studies by Brett Pelham, an associate professor at SUNY University, have found that people are disproportionately (不定比例地) likely to live in states or cities resembling their names, have careers that resemble their names and even marry those whose surnames begin with the same letter as their own.

　　The twist, says, is that he has believed the nameletter effect would apply only to positive outcomes. Nelson and Simmons, he says, are “showing it applies more so to negative things than positive things.”

　　The researchers say the effect is definitely more of a coincidence (巧合) than a fact. “I know plenty of Chrises and Davids who have done very well in school，” Pelham says.

　　文章大意：本文為一篇議論文。加州和耶魯大學的心理學家通過研究發現，名字與成功之間存在著“姓名－字母效應”，而對此結果，有些研究人員則表示否定，認為這不過是巧合而已。

　　1．The new research is mainly about the relationship between one's ________.

　　A．name and unconsciousness

　　B．name and characteristics

　　C．name and success

　　D．sports and school achievements

　　答案：C　細節理解題。根據文章第一段第一句“... new research that finds your name can negatively make you achieve less.”可知，這項研究發現，盡管是無意識的，但你的名字會對你的成功有一些消極影響。因此可推斷出，這項研究主要是研究姓名與成功之間的關系。故答案選C。

　　2．Who may serve as an example to show the “nameletter effect”？

　　A．Miss Smith working as a lawyer.

　　B．Mr. Watt living in Washington.

　　C．Charles Brown married to Sue Rogers.

　　D．Paula Snow fond of the color white.

　　答案：B　推理判斷題。根據第五段第一句中的“... ‘nameletter effect’ causes people to make life choices based on names that resemble (類似) their own”可知，“姓名－字母效應”使得人們選擇與自己姓名字母相似的城市去生活。因此B項“Mr. Watt living Washington”是個很好的例子，因為他的名字的開頭字母與城市的開頭字母是“W”。故答案選B。