重慶市2024高考英語閱讀理解選編（34）（附解析）

　　【2024模擬題】閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項中(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項。(2024·江蘇)

　　In the United States alone，over 100 million cell-phones are thrown away each year.Cell-phones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants.The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.

　　Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver.A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste，the concentration(含量)of gold and other precious metals was higher in so-called e-waste than in naturally occurring minerals.

　　Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals.Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals removed，the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries，in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment.

　　Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material，up to 100 times more，than the material contained in the finished products.Consider again the cell-phone，and imagine the mines that produced those metals，the factories needed to make the box and packaging(包裝)it came in.Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.

　　The U．S. Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that“the production，distribution，and use of products—as well as management of the resulting waste—all result in greenhouse gas release.”Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the start—for instance，buying reusable products and recycling.

　　In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive(動機)for reducing waste.If producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products，would they reduce the packaging in the first place?

　　Governments' incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money.Why，they ask，should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap(氣泡墊)that encased your television?

　　From the governments' point of view，a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax-payers back to the producers.

　　文章大意：文章主要講述了電子垃圾的產生、危害以及相關解決措施。

　　1．By mentioning the Swiss study，the author intends to tell us that________.

　　A．the weight of e-goods is rather small

　　B．e-waste deserves to be made good use of

　　C．natural minerals contain more precious metals

　　D．the percentage of precious metals is heavy in e-waste

　　答案：B　推斷判斷題。結合第二段第一句“Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver.”可知，該段主要講述電子設備中包含有很多貴重的金屬；下文引用瑞士的研究進一步論證電子垃圾中的貴重金屬含量比自然礦產中的高。由此可知，作者提及瑞士的研究旨在告訴我們電子垃圾應該得到很好的利用。故正確答案為B。

　　．The responsibility of e-waste treatment should be extended________.

　　A．from producers to governments

　　B．from governments to producers

　　C．from individuals to distributors

　　D．from distributors to governments

　　答案：B　細節理解題。結合文章最后一句“...a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax-payers back to the producers.”可知，電子垃圾的責任應該從政府延伸到生產者。故正確答案為B。

　　3．What does the passage mainly talk about?

　　A．The increase in e-waste.

　　B．The creation of e-waste.

　　C．The seriousness of e-waste.

　　D．The management of e-waste.

　　答案：D　主旨大意題。本文從電子垃圾與日俱增這一現象出發，分析了電子垃圾治理的必要性，并對一些國家政府將電子垃圾治理的責任延伸到生產者這一考慮進行評述。由此可知，本文通篇是圍繞著電子垃圾治理這一話題展開的。故正確答案為D。

　　閱讀理解2024·臨沂3月質量檢測It can be hard to encourage families of preschoolers to turn off the TV，but there are plenty of high-quality shows that promote learning and positive relationships rather than violence，researchers noted.

　　“Although clearly kids watch too much，what’s more worrying is that they watch poor quality shows，” said Dr Christakis，the lead researcher on the new study from the University of Washington in Seattle.His former survey of parents of three-to five-year-old children showed the kids often watched violent cartoons and movies that are “totally inappropriate”．

　　For their study，he and his colleagues randomly divide 565 preschoolers into two groups.In one group，parents recorded notes about kids’ normal TV viewing，without receiving any guidelines to reduce or change those habits.In the other group，researchers made visits and calls and sent monthly newsletters encouraging parents to replace violent TV with educational programming.After six and 12 months，parents reported their kid’s angry，aggressive or anxious behaviors on a questionnaire.At both time points，children in the TV intervention (干預) program had slightly fewer problems than those in the comparison group.Boys in low-income families seemed to benefit most from the change in programming，the researchers found.

　　“The point is，this is something that is as effective as other things we do to try to guide behavior in children，and it’s fairly simple，” Christakis said.

　　Another study published in Pediatrics found the more TV kids and teens watched，the more likely they were to have a crime or other problems in society.Children may imitate violence they see—or more time in front of the TV could simply mean less communication with peers and families，and worse performance in school.

　　The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends kids watch no more than one to two hours of high-quality programming each day.Researchers agreed parents should be mindful of what exactly their young kids are watching on TV as well.“It’s

　　not just about turning the TV off，it’s about changing the channel，” Christakis said.

　　1．What is the positive effect of high-quality TV shows on kids?

　　A．Good learning results and relationships.

　　B．Being affected by violence.

　　C．Spending less time on TV programming.

　　D．Encouraging them to turn on the TV.

　　2．For Christakis，what is more concerning?

　　A．Kids watching too much TV.

　　B．TV shows being of poor quality.

　　C．Kids watching too many cartoons.

　　D．Parents receiving no guidelines.

　　3．We can learn from the survey mentioned in Para.3 that________.

　　A．Children don’t like being disturbed while watching TV

　　B．Preschoolers seems to like newsletters more than TV

　　C．Poor children prefer to watch educational programming

　　D．Kids watching high-quality programs have fewer problems

　　4. Christakis thought the effect of educational programming on children’s behaviour was________.

　　A．unclear

　　B．slight

　　C．obvious D．great

　　5．According to the researchers，________.

　　A．getting preschoolers away from TV is difficult

　　B．shows on TV in America are full of violence

　　C．parents should communicate more with their kids

　　D．parents should keep an eye on what kids watch on TV

　　語篇解讀　本文是一篇調查報告。研究人員通過調查研究發現：高質量的電視節目對學齡前兒童的學習和待人處事，有很大的促進作用。同時文中還提醒家長：關掉電視不是明智之舉，關鍵要關注孩子觀看的節目內容。

　　1．解析：　細節理解題。根據第一段中的“...but there are plenty of high-quality shows that promote learning and positive relationships”可知，A項正確。

　　答案：　A

　　2．解析：　細節理解題。根據第二段第一句“...what’s more worrying is that they watch poor quality shows’．..”可知，B項正確。題干中的concerning與“worrying”同義。

　　答案：　B

　　3．解析：　細節理解題。根據第三段倒數第二句“At both time points，children in the TV intervention (干預) program had slightly fewer problems than those in the comparison group.”可知，與對照組相比，所看電視節目受到干預的孩子的問題相對較少。

　　答案：　D

　　4．解析：　推理判斷題。根據倒數第三段和最后一段可知，Christakis認為，教育類的電視節目對孩子行為的影響是顯而易見的。

　　答案：　C

　　5．解析：　細節理解題。根據最后一段第二句“Researchers agreed parents should be mindful of what exactly their young kids are watching on TV as well.”可知，家長應該關注孩子所看電視節目的內容。

　　答案：　D閱讀下列材料，從每題所給的選項中選出最佳選項。A black hole is a place in space where gravity pulls so much that even light cannot get out. The gravity is so strong because matter has been squeezed into a tiny space. This can happen when a star is dying.

　　Because no light can get out, people can't see black holes. Space telescopes with special tools can help find black holes. The special tools can see how stars that are very close to black holes act differently from other ones.

　　Black holes can be big or small. Scientists think the smallest black holes are as small as just one atom. These black holes are very tiny but have the mass of a large mountain. Mass is the amount of matter, or “staff”， in an object.

　　Another kind of black hole is called “stellar”(星球黑洞). Its mass can be up to 20 times more than the mass of the sun. There may be many stellar mass black holes in Earth's galaxy. Earth's galaxy is called the Milky Way.

　　The largest black holes are called “supermassive”(超大質量黑洞). These black holes have masses that are more than one million suns together. Scientists have found proof that every large galaxy contains a supermassive black hole at its center. The supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy has a mass equal to about four million suns and would fit inside a very large ball that could hold a few million Earths.

　　Scientists think the smallest black holes formed when the universe began. Stellar black holes are made when the center of a very big star falls in upon itself, or falls apart. When this happens, it exploded part of the star into space. Scientists think supermassive black holes were made at the same time as the galaxy they are in.

　　A black hole can not be seen because strong gravity pulls all of the light into the middle of the black hole. But scientists can see how the strong gravity affects the stars and gas around the black hole. Scientists can study stars to find out if they are flying around, or orbiting a black hole.

　　When a black hole and a star are close together, high－energy light is made. This kind of light cannot be seen with human eyes. Scientists use satellites and telescopes in space to see the high－energy light.

　　【語篇解讀】 本文主要講述太空黑洞的形成原因和科學家們如何了解黑洞現象的。

　　1．The gravity of a black hole may become so strong that light cannot get out when________．

　　A．the star is going to die

　　B．special tools are used on it

　　C．other stars come close to it

　　D．it is seen from the space telescopes

　　答案　A　

　　2．According to the passage，which of the following is NOT true?

　　A．A black hole can be very tiny but extremely heavy.

　　B．The gravity of a black hole holds all light in its center.

　　C．Scientists observe high－energy light through their own eyes.

　　D．Some small black holes came into being as early as the universe.

　　答案　C　

　　3．Which can be inferred from the passage?

　　A．Every galaxy must have a black hole.

　　B．A galaxy is the center of the universe.

　　C．A galaxy consists of a large group of stars and planets.

　　D．Earth's galaxy is called the Milky Way.

　　答案　C　

　　4．What does the last sentence in Paragraph 5 suggest?

　　A．Neither the sun nor the earth is as heavy as a black hole.

　　B．There is only one supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way.

　　C．The supermassive black hole had existed before the Milky Way was formed.

　　D．There is a reason why the large black holes are called “supermassive”．

　　答案　D　

　　5．The last two paragraphs mainly focus on the question of________．

　　A．what a black hole is

　　B．how black holes form

　　C．how big black holes are

　　D．how scientists know about black holes

　　答案　D　

　　閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個選項 (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項。

　　(2024·天津市十二區縣聯考二，C)

　　In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity. Others say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.

　　I have taught many children who held the belief that their selfworth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often lifeanddeath affairs. In their singleminded pursuit of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.

　　However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the_most_vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: “I may have lost, but it doesn't matter because I really didn't try.” What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one's selfrespect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued.

　　Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve (緩解) can we discover a new meaning in competition.

　　文章大意：本文是一篇議論文。文章首先提出論點“現代社會關于競爭有很多爭議”，然后詳細分析了不同人對競爭的不同看法。

　　1．What does this passage mainly talk about?

　　A．Competition helps to set up selfrespect.

　　B．Opinions about competition are different among people.