2024屆高考英語語法第一輪精講精練復習題9
定語從句
定語從句
whose 是一個表示所屬關系的詞，在定語從句中作定語，相當于my，his，her，its，their等修飾人或物。of which 可以代替whose 指物，詞序一般是名詞＋of which 或of which ＋名詞。of whom 可以代替whose 指人，詞序是名詞＋of whom。
(2009·安徽卷)Many children，whose parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village.
父母親在大城市里打工的許多孩子在村莊里被照顧的非常好。
(2010·江蘇卷)The newly-built cafe，the walls of which are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work.這家新建的墻體被涂成淺綠色的咖啡廳對我們而言確實是個安靜場所，尤其是在辛苦工作之后。
1.(2010·北京卷)Children who are not active or________diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
A．whatB．whose
C．which
D．that
解析： 句意為：一些不是很活躍，或者他們的飲食中熱量太高的孩子會很快長胖。本題考查定語從句。先行詞為children，or 連接兩個并列的定語從句，第一個定語從句的引導詞為who，第二個引導詞為考查點，先行詞children在第二個定語從句中與從句中的主語diet形成所屬關系：children’s diet，故選擇B項。
答案： B
2．(2010·陜西卷)The old temple________roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair.
A．where
B．which
C．its
D．whose
解析： 句意為：那座在暴風雨中屋頂受損的古廟現在正在維修當中。本題考查定語從句的用法。此句先行詞是the old temple，代入定語從句后為：The_old_temple’s roof was damaged in a storm.由此可知先行詞在定語從句中作定語，故用關系代詞whose 引導。
答案： D
3．(2010·浙江卷)The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people，many of________left their village homes for a better life in the city.
A．whom
B．which
C．them
D．those
解析： 句意為：近千人在這一小社區居住，他們當中很多都是從農村老家來城市尋求更好的日子的。本題考查定語從句。先行詞為1,000 people，代入定語從句為many of 1,000 people left their village homes for a better life in the city，關系代詞在從句中作介詞of的賓語且指人，故用whom。
答案： A
1．與定語從句中的動詞構成搭配。
The man (who/whom/that)I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.
＝The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.在會議中我與他談話的那個人是從北京大學來的。
注意： 但是在下面一句中for 不可以提前，因為look for 是動詞詞組。
This is the person(who/whom/that)you are looking for.
這就是你找的那個人。
2．與定語從句所修飾的先行詞構成搭配。
He built a telescope，through which he could study the skies.
他架起一架望遠鏡，通過它他可以研究天空。
In the dark street，there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.
在漆黑的大街上沒有一個人能為她提供幫助。
3．of＋which/whom表示所屬關系。(表所屬關系也可用whose)
Recently I bought an ancient vase，the price of which (＝whose price) was very reasonable.
最近我買了個古代的花瓶，它的價錢很合理。
1.(2011·龍巖檢測)At 13，Samuel received a training course in drawing for three years，________he got a good opportunity for further development.
A．after thatB．after which
C．after it
D．after this
解析： 考查定語從句。after which he got a good opportunity for further development 是非限制性定語從句。
答案： B
2．(2010·上海卷)Wind power is an ancient source of energy ________ we may return in the near future.
A．on whichB．by which
C．to whichD．from which
解析： 句意為：風力是很古老的一種能源，不久的將來我們也許會再利用它。考查定語從句。return to重新利用，屬于固定搭配。故排除含有介詞on，by 和from 的A、B、D項。
答案： C
3．(2011·東北三校一模)There are 51 students in Class Three，________failed in the test.
A．all of whichB．all of them
C．none of whomD．none of them
解析： 考查定語從句。后半句是非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞students ，應用whom引導。因為前后兩句之間沒有并列連詞，所以B、D兩項不正確。
答案： C
point，situation，case等，從表面上看它們不是表地點的，但卻表示類似地點的意義，因此它們作先行詞時，如果引導詞在從句中作狀語，那么這個引導詞要用where；如果不作狀語，則用關系代詞that/which。
(2009·福建卷)It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves different.(where 作狀語)
把孩子放在一個能使他們從另外一個角度認識自己的環境中對他們有益。
Now there is just one point that/which I wish you make quite clear.(which/that 作賓語)現在只有一點我希望你弄清楚。
1.(2011·云南檢測)—Do you have anything to say for yourselves?
—Yes，there’s one point________we must insist on.
A．why
B．where
C．how
D．/
解析： the point 作介詞on的賓語，因此應選用關系代詞或者省略。
答案： D
2．(2009·浙江卷)I have reached a point in my life________I am supposed to make decisions of my own.
A．which
B．where
C．how
D．why
解析： 句意為：我已經到了應該自己作決定的那個人生階段。where 引導定語從句修飾先行詞point。
答案： B
3．(2010·北京朝陽期中)The doctor said that the treatment would continue until the patient reached the point________he could walk correctly and safely.
A．where
B．when
C．which
D．that
解析： point 為先行詞，后面為定語從句，在定語從句中walk 為不及物動詞，從句不缺少賓語，且表時間故用when引導。句意為：醫生說，病人的治療要持續到他能夠安全穩當地行走為止。
答案： B
1．as 與which 都可以代指主句中的一部分或整個句子的內容，有時可以互換。
He married her，as (which) was natural.
很自然地，他和她結婚了。
(2009·山東卷)Whenever I met her，which was fairly often，she greeted me with a sweet smile.
不管我何時遇見她，她都用甜甜的微笑迎接我，這是常事兒。
2．但在下列情況下一般只能用as。
(1)as引導的定語從句可以放在句首，而which 則不能。
As we know，more than seventy percent of the earth is covered with water.正如我們所知，地球表面的70%以上被水覆蓋。
(2)as 表示“正如，正像”，而which 無此意。
此時，as從句中常有know，expect，happen，point out，plan，suggest 等單詞或短語。
He came back home late，as we expected.
正如我們所料，他回家晚了。
(3)當先行詞被the same，such 修飾時，定語從句需用as引導。
I bought the same book as you have.
我買了一本跟你一樣的書。
I’ll give you such things as you may need.
我將給你你需要的東西。
He’ll marry as pretty a girl as he can find.
他將與他能發現的最漂亮的女孩結婚。
(4)但是當先行詞被the same修飾時，that 也可引導定語從句，但意義有所不同。
the same...as(指同樣或同類的)，the same...that (指同一個)
This is the same watch as I lost.
這塊表與我丟的那塊一樣。
This is the same watch that I lost.
這就是我丟的那塊表。
1.(2011·山東濰坊質量抽樣)Her books were all over the dining table，________meant we had to eat in the kitchen.
A．which
B．what
C．that
D．it
解析： 句意為：她的書擺滿了餐桌，這就意味著我們必須在廚房吃飯了。which 引導的是非限制性定語從句，代替主句所表達的整個內容。
答案： A
2．(2011·浙江金華一中月考)Mrs Black took the police back to ________ place________she witnessed the robbery.
A．the same；that
B．the same；as
C．the same；whereD．as the same；is
解析： 句意為：Black 夫人把警察帶到她目睹搶劫案的那個地方。可見在以the same place 為先行詞的定語從句中，從句缺少的是地點狀語，因此用where。A、B兩項中的引導詞that，as均為關系代詞，要在從句中作主語或賓語，故錯誤。
答案： C
3．(2011·銀川實驗中學第一次月考)________is mentioned above，the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing.
A．Which
B．As
C．That
D．It
解析： as 引導的非限制性定語從句可以放在句首，which引導的定語從句不能放在主句的前面；that 不能引導非限制性定語從句。it 可以作形式主語，如果把句子中的逗號改為that，D項也正確。句意為：正像上文提到的那樣，高中生的數量在增長。
答案： B
4．(2010·四川卷)After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling，________turned out to be a wise decision.
A．that
B．which
C．when
D．where
解析： 句意為：大學畢業之后，我休息了一段時間去旅游，結果證明這是一個明智的決定。本題考查定語從句。分析句子結構可知第二個逗號后是一非限制性定語從句，排除A項；定語從句缺主語，排除C、D兩項，先行詞是逗號前的整個句子，所以B為正確答案。
答案： B
5．(2011·黃岡檢測)Beijing was attacked by such a terrible sandstorm ________few residents had ever experienced before.
A．as
B．which
C．and it wasD．that
解析： 考查定語從句。as在此處為關系代詞，作experienced 的賓語。
答案： A
1．(2010·重慶卷)In China，the number of cities is increasing ________development is recognized across the world.
A．where
B．which
C．whose
D．that
解析： 句意為：在中國，城市的數量在快速地增加，其發展被世界所公認。考查定語從句。先行詞為cities，代入定語從句后為：The cities’ development is recognized across the world.由此可見，先行詞在定語從句中作定語，故用whose。
答案： C
2．(2010·湖南卷)I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school________I met in the English speech contest last year.
A．who
B．where
C．when
D．which
解析： 代入定語從句后為：I met several of the students in the English speech contest last year.由此可見先行詞在定語從句中作賓語，先行詞指人，故用who/whom/that引導，故答案為A。
答案： A
3．(2010·山東卷)That’s the new machine________parts are too small to be seen.
A．that
B．which
C．whose
D．what
解析： 句意為：那臺新機器的部件太小了，以至于都看不見。考查定語從句。先行詞為the new machine，代入定語從句后為：the new machine’s parts are too small to be seen，可以看出the new machine 在定語從句中作定語，故用whose。
答案： C
4．(2010·新課標全國卷Ⅰ)As a child，Jack studied in a village school，________is named after his grandfather.
A．which
B．where
C．what
D．that
解析： 句意為：小時候，杰克在一所鄉村學校讀書，那所學校是以他祖父的名字命名的。本題考查非限制性定語從句。先行詞是a village school，代入定語從句后為：The village school is named after his grandfather.由此可見先行詞在定語從句中作主語，且該從句為非限制性定語從句，故用which引導。
答案： A
5．(2010·江西卷)The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister________she would stay for an hour.
A．where
B．who
C．which
D．what
解析： 句意為：這個女孩準備在培訓中心和她姐姐一起上鋼琴課。在那里她將待一小時。本題考查定語從句。先行詞為the training centre，從句中缺少地點狀語，故選where。
答案： A
6．(2010·全國卷Ⅱ)I refuse to accept the blame for something ________was someone else’s fault.
A．whoB．that
C．asD．what
解析： 句意為：我拒絕接受因為別人的錯誤而遭受的責備。本題考查定語從句關系詞的選擇。先行詞在從句中作主語，而且為不定代詞something，關系詞只能用that。
答案： B
7．(2009·江西卷)The house I grew up________has been taken down and replaced by an office building.
A．in it
B．in
C．in that
D．in which
解析： 分析句子結構可知house后面有一個限制性定語從句，而且定語從句的引導詞已經省略，那么該引導詞一定在定語從句中作賓語，所以此空中要填介詞in，且其后不能再有賓語。
答案： B
8．(2009·陜西卷)Gun control is a subject________Americans have argued for a long time.
A．of whichB．with which
C．about whichD．into which
解析： 句意為：槍支的控制是在美國爭論了很長時間的一個話題。此題考查“介詞＋關系代詞”引導的定語從句。先行詞為subject，帶入定語從句后為：Americans have argued about the subject for a long time.由此可知，先行詞在定語從句中作about的賓語，介詞about提前，故用關系代詞which。
