一.概念:

　　代詞是代替名詞的詞, 按其意義、特征及其在句中的作用分為：人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、疑問代詞、不定代詞和關系代詞等。

　　二.相關知識點精講

　　1.人稱代詞 　1)人稱代詞的人稱、數和格，如下表所示。

　　　2)人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分。通常主格作主語，賓格作賓語。如： 　

　　I like table tennis. （作主語）

　　Do you know him?（作賓語）

　　3)人稱代詞還可作表語。作表語時用賓格。如：

　　---Whos is knocking at the door?

　　---It’s me.

　　4)人稱代詞在than之后與其他人或事物進行比較時，用主格和賓格都可以。如：

　　He is older than me.

　　He is older than I am. 2. 物主代詞 　1)表示所有關系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性

　　物主代詞，如下表所示。

　　　2)形容詞性物主代詞的作用相當于形容詞，可在句中作定語。例如： 　

　　Our teacher is coming to see us. 　

　　This is her pencil-box. 　3)名詞性物主代詞的作用相當于名詞，在句中可用作主語、賓語和表語。 Our school is here, and theirs is there.（作主語） 　 --- Is this English-book yours? （作表語） 　 --- No. Mine is in my bag. 　 I've already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? （作賓語） 3. 指示代詞 　

　　指示代詞包括：this，that，these，those。

　　1) this和these一般用來指在時間或空間上較近的事物或人，that和those

　　則指時間和空間上較遠的事物或人，例如： 　 This is a pen and that is a pencil． 　 We are busy these days． 　 In those days the workers had a hard time．

　　2)有時that和those指前面講到過的事物，this 和these則是指下面將要講

　　到的事物，例如： 　 I had a cold. That's why I didn't come. 　 What I want to say is this ; pronunciation is very important in learning English．

　　3)有時為了避免重復提到的名詞，常可用that或those代替，例如： 　 Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai．

　　4)this 在電話用語中代表自己，that 則代表對方。例如：

　　Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?

　　4. 反身代詞 　

　　英語中用來表示"我自己"，"你自己"，"他自己"，"我們自己"，"你們自己"

　　等意義的代詞稱為反身代詞，也有人稱之為自身代名詞，其形式如表所示。

　　反身代詞可以在句中作賓語，表語，同位語。

　　　 1)作賓語，表示動作的承受者就是動作的發出者，主語和賓語指同一個人

　　或一些人。 　

　　He called himself a writer． 　

　　Would you please express yourself in English?　

　　2)作表語。 　

　　It doesn't matter．I'll be myself soon． 　

　　The girl in the news is myself． 　 3)作主語或賓語的同位語，表示親自或本人。 　

　　I myself washed the clothes．（=I washed the clothes myself.）（作主語同位語） 　

　　You should ask the teacher himself．（作賓語同位語） 5. 不定代詞 　

　　不是指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫做不定代詞，在句中可作主語、表

　　語、賓語和定語。現將幾個常用的不定代詞舉例說明如下：

　　1)some與any的區別

　　①some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，幾個”作形容詞時，后面可以接①不可數名詞+單數動詞；②可數名詞+復數動詞。

　　Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library.

　　. Some rice in the bag has been sold out.

　　②any多用于疑問句、條件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容詞時，后面可以接①不可數名詞+單數動詞；②可數名詞+復數動詞。

　　If you have any questions, please ask me.

　　There isn't any orange in the bottle.

　　Have you got any tea?

　　③any和some也可以作代詞用，表示“一些”。any多用于疑問句或否定句中，some多用于肯定句中。

　　How many people can you see in the picture?

　　I can't see any.

　　If you have no money, I'll lend you some.

　　注意：與some, any結合的詞如something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑問句、條件句中的用法，大致和some, any的用法相同。

　　2) few, a few, little, a little在用法上的區別

　　①用作形容詞：

　　含義

　　用法 表示肯定 表示否定

　　用于可數名詞 a few雖少，但有幾個 few不多，幾乎沒有

　　用于不可數名詞 a little，雖少，但有一點 little不多，沒有什么

　　I'm going to buy a few apples.

　　He can speak only a little Chinese.

　　There is only a little milk in the glass.

　　He has few friends.

　　They had little money with them.

　　②a little和little也可以用作副詞，a little表示“有點，稍微”，little表示“很少”。

　　I'm a little hungry. (修飾形容詞hungry)

　　Let him sleep a little. (修飾動詞sleep)

　　Mary, go a little faster, please. (修飾副詞比較級)

　　She slept very little last night.

　　3)other, the other, another, others, the others的區別。

　　用

　　法

　　代名詞 形容詞

　　單數 復數 單數 復數

　　不定 another

　　另一個 others

　　別人，其他人 another (boy)

　　另一個（男孩） other (boys)

　　其他男孩

　　特定 the other

　　另一個 the others

　　其余那些人、物 the other (boy)

　　另一個男孩 the other (boys)

　　其余那些男孩

　　①other可以作形容詞用，后面可以跟單數或復數名詞，意思是“其他的、別

　　的”。

　　Where are his other books?

　　I haven't any other books except this one.

　　②other也可以用作代詞，與冠詞the連用構成“the other”，表示兩個人或物中的“另一個”。常與one搭配構成“one ..., the other ...”句型。

　　He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , the other is 5 years old.

　　She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in the other.

　　③other作代詞用時，可以有復數“others”，泛指“另外的人或物”。常與some搭配構成“some ...., others ...”句型。

　　Some went to the cinema, others went swimming.

　　This coat is too large. Show me some others, please.

　　④“the others”表示特指某范圍內的“其他的人或物”。

　　We got home by 4 o'clock, but the others didn't get back until 8 o'clock.

　　In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese.

　　⑤another可以作形容詞用，修飾后面的名詞，意為“另一個”，還可以跟代詞one.

　　You can see another ship in the sea, can't you?

　　Mary doesn't want to buy this skirt. Would you please show her another one?

　　⑥another也可以作代詞用，表示“另一個”。

　　I'm still hungry after I've had this cake. Please give me another.

　　4)every與each的區別。

　　each every

　　1)可單獨使用 1)不可單獨使用

　　2)可做代名詞、形容詞 2)僅作形容詞

　　3)著重“個別” 3)著重“全體”，毫無例外

　　4)用于兩者或兩者以上中的每一個人或物 4)用于三者或三者以上每一個人或物

　　The teacher gave a toy to each child.

　　Each ball has a different colour.

　　當我們說each child, each student或each teacher時，我們想到的是一個人的情況。而當我們說every child和every student時，我們想到的是全體的情況，every的意思與all接近，表示他們都如此。

　　Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher.

　　Every child likes playing. = All children like playing.

　　5)all和both的用法。

　　①all指三者以上，或不可數的東西。謂語動詞既可以用單數，也可以用作復數。在句中作主語、表語、賓語、同位語和定語。

　　All of us like Mr Pope. 我們都喜歡Pope先生。（作主語）

　　= We all like Mr Pope. (作同位語)

　　All the water has been used up. (作主語)

　　That's all for today. (作表語)

　　Why not eat all (of) the fish? (作賓語)

　　All the leaders are here. (作定語)

　　②both作代詞。

　　a.與其他名詞或代詞并列出現，表示“兩個都”。

　　Lucy and Lily both agree with us.

　　They both passed on their sticks at the same time.

　　How are your parents? They're both fine.

　　b.與“of +代詞（或名詞）”連用，表示“兩者都”。

　　Both of them came to see Mary.

　　Both of the books are very interesting.

　　c.單獨使用，表示“兩者（都）”。

　　Michael has two sons. Both are clever.

　　I don't know which book is the better, I shall read both.

　　③both用作形容詞，放在名詞之前，修飾該名詞，表示“兩者都”。

　　Both his younger sisters are our classmates.

　　. There are tall trees on both sides of the street.

　　6. 相互代詞

　　表示相互關系的代詞叫做相互代詞。相互代詞有each other 和one another兩種形 式。在當代英語中，each other和one another沒有什么區別。相互代詞可在句中作賓語，定語。作定語用時，相互代詞用所有格形式。 　 We should learn from each other / one another. （作賓語） 　 Do you often write to each other / one another? （作賓語） 　 We often borrow each other's / one another's books. （作定語） 　 The students corrected each other's / one another's mistakes in their homework.

　　（作定語）

　　7. 疑問代詞 疑問代詞有who，whom，whose，what和which等。疑問代詞用于特殊疑

　　問句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作為某一句子成分。例如：

　　Who is going to come here tomorrow? （作主語）

　　What is that?

　　(作表語)

　　Whose umbrella is this?

　　(作定語)

　　Whom are you waiting for? (作賓語)

　　8.關系代詞

　　關系代詞是一種引導從句并起連接主句和從句作用的代詞。關系代詞有 who, whose, whom, that, which. 它們在句中可用作主語,表語,賓語,定語. 在主句中,它們還代表著從句所修飾的那個名詞或代詞。例如：

　　I hate people who talk much but do little.

　　I’m looking at the photograph which you sent me with your letter.

　　With the money that he had saved, he went on with his studies.

　　Do you know the lady who is interviewing our headmaster?

　　三.鞏固練習

　　1. Tom, Please pass ________ the glasses. I want to read the newspapers.

　　A. you

　　B. me

　　C. him

　　D. her

　　2. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are ______ new words in it.

　　A. a little

　　B. little

　　C. a few

　　D. few

　　3. ---You want ________ sandwich?

　　---Yes, I usually eat a lot when I’m hungry.

　　A. other

　　B. another

　　C. others

　　D. the other

　　4. The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight SARS. They think more of others than _______.

　　A. they

　　B. them

　　C. themselves

　　D. theirs

　　5. ---Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk?

　　---______________, thanks. I’d like a cup of tea.

　　A. Either

　　B. Neither

　　C. Both

　　D. None

　　6. ---Oh! I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food.

　　---Never mind. You can have ________.

　　A. us

　　B. ours

　　C. you

　　D. yours

　　7. ---Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning?

　　---_______ is OK. I’m free today and tomorrow.

　　A. Either

　　B. Neither

　　C. Both

　　D. None

　　8. ---How are you going to improve _______ this term?

　　---Work harder than last term.

　　A. ourselves

　　B. myself

　　C. himself

　　D. yourself

　　9. ---Could you tell me _______ she is looking for?

　　---Her cousin, Susan.

　　A. that

　　B. whose

　　C. who

　　D. which

　　10. ---Is _______ here?

　　---No. Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave.

　　A. everybody

　　B. somebody

　　C. anybody

　　D. nobody

　　11. Paul has _______ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely.

　　A. many

　　B. some

　　C. few

　　D. more

　　12. If you want to book a round-trip ticket, you’ll have to pay ______ $ 30.

　　A. more

　　B. other

　　C. the other

　　D. another

　　13. ---Do you live by yourself, Mr Wang?

　　---Yes. I have two sons. But ______ of them lives with me. They are now studying in America?

　　A. neither

　　B. both

　　C. none

　　D. either

　　14. ---Have you sent your parents an E-mail telling them you arrived safe?

　　---No. _______ of them can use a computer.

　　A. None

　　B. Both

　　C. Neither

　　D. All

　　15. Who taught _______ English last term? Was _____ Mr. Smith?

　　A. you; it

　　B. you; he

　　C. your; it

　　D. your; that

　　16. ---That woman has a bag in her right hand. What’s in her _____ hand?

　　A. another

　　B. other

　　C. one

　　D. the other

　　17. We decided to go for a field trip with some friends of _______.

　　A. us

　　B. our

　　C. ours

　　D. ourselves

　　18. ---Is there a bus to the zoo?

　　---I’m afraid there’s _______ bus to the zoo.

　　A. no

　　B. any

　　C. some

　　D. none

　　19. You forgot your dictionary? You may have _______.

　　A. me