考研英語真題閱讀理解試題及解析
If you intend usinghumor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify sharedexperiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience andshould help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand theirsituation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom youare addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a groupof managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries;alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment ontheir disorganized bosses。 Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses convention,of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view ofdoctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. Hesees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on.Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line forlunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, whorushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table byhimself. Who is that? the new arrival asked St. Peter. Oh, thats God, came thereply, but sometimes he thinks hes a doctor。 If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will bein a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all ofyou and itll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about theinedible canteen food or the chairmans notorious badtaste in ties. With other audiences you mustnt attempt to cut inwith humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks abouttheir canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick toscapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system。 If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that itbecomes more natural, include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarkswhich you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often its thedelivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember thata raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making alight-hearted remark。 Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist ona familiar quote If at first you dont succeed, give up or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration andunderstatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences whichyou can turn about and inject with humor。 21. To make your humor work, you should [A]take advantage of different kinds of audience。 [B]make fun of the disorganized people。 [C]address different problems to different people。 [D]show sympathy for your listeners。 22. The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, theyare [A]impolite to new arrivals。 [B]very conscious of their godlike role。 [C]entitled to some privileges。 [D]very busy even during lunch hours。 23. It can be inferred from the text that public services [A]have benefited many people。 [B]are the focus of public attention。 [C]are an inappropriate subject for humor。 [D]have often been the laughing stock。 24. To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should bedelivered [A]in well-worded language。 [B]as awkwardly as possible。 [C]in exaggerated statements。 [D]as casually as possible。 25. The best title for the text may be [A]Use Humor Effectively。 [B]Various Kinds of Humor。 [C]Add Humor to Speech。 [D]Different Humor Strategies。 名師解析 21. To make your humor work, you should 要想讓你的幽默奏效，你應(yīng)該 [A]take advantage of different kinds of audience。利用不同的觀眾。 [B]make fun of the disorganized people。取笑那些做事混亂的人。 [C]address different problems to different people。和不同的人談不同的問題。 [D]show sympathy for your listeners。同情你的聽眾。 【答案】 C 【考點】 段落主旨題。 【分析】 根據(jù)題目知道本題考查的是幽默須知的內(nèi)容，定位到第一段。文中說要使你的聽眾發(fā)笑，你就必須知道如何識別你和他人的共同的經(jīng)歷和問題，這個就是本題解答的關(guān)鍵。加上第一段第三句話Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different。[A]說利用不同的觀眾，這個提法中的利用詞義本身就有侵害客體的含義，讓人覺得是在利用別人的弱點，而且和上文提到的幽默須知顯然不符合。[B]僅僅是作者例舉的一個例子，用來表示如何和別人分享經(jīng)歷。[C]很好地表達(dá)了第一段的主題。[D]錯在其范圍被縮小了。 22. The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses,they are 關(guān)于醫(yī)生的這個笑話表明，在護(hù)士眼里，醫(yī)生 [A]impolite to new arrivals. 對新人不禮貌。 [B]very conscious of their godlike role. 對自己上帝般的作用非常在意。 [C]entitled to some privileges. 有權(quán)獲得某些特權(quán)。 [D]very busy even during lunch hours. 午飯時也非常繁忙。 【答案】 B 【考點】 推斷題。 【分析】 根據(jù)本題的題干，定位為第二段，本題講述了一個經(jīng)典的護(hù)士看待醫(yī)生的笑話，將上帝比作醫(yī)生那樣表現(xiàn)的傲慢無理。考生應(yīng)該明白這里實際上是在說醫(yī)生將自己比作上帝，顯得那么傲慢無禮。[A]只是醫(yī)生傲慢舉止中的一項。[B]非常恰當(dāng)，因為它揭示了護(hù)士群體眼中的醫(yī)生那種傲慢的感覺。[C]認(rèn)為獲得某種特權(quán)，是因為沒有理解St.Peter的話，被醫(yī)生把新來的人推到一邊，沖到隊伍的最前面這個現(xiàn)象誤導(dǎo)，享有特權(quán)的印象是中性的描述，其實揭示背后所反應(yīng)的醫(yī)生的傲慢才是主要目的。[D]選項顯然錯誤。 23. It can be inferred from the text that public services 從文中可以推斷出，公共服務(wù) [A]have benefited many people. 已經(jīng)造福很多人。 [B]are the focus of public attention. 是大眾關(guān)注的焦點。 [C]are an inappropriate subject for humor. 是一個不適合做幽默的主題。 [D]have often been the laughing stock。經(jīng)常是別人的笑料。 【答案】 D 【考點】 推理題。 【分析】 根據(jù)公共服務(wù)可以定位到第三段最后一句，這句話中提到了郵局和電話這兩個行業(yè)。文章說安全的做法是咬住一些替罪羊比如郵局和電話業(yè)，之所以安全是因為這樣不會冒犯什么人。既然是這樣，那么肯定大家經(jīng)常會拿這個公共服務(wù)業(yè)來開玩笑的。因此可以得出結(jié)論，即[D]是正確選項。[A]和文章的主旨沒有關(guān)系，這里也推斷不出這樣的結(jié)論。[B]說是大眾關(guān)注的焦點，但是這句話沒有表現(xiàn)出原文對這兩個公共行業(yè)的一種戲謔的意味。 24. To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should bedelivered 為獲得理想的效果，幽默故事的講述應(yīng)當(dāng) [A]in well-worded language. 言詞適當(dāng)。 [B]as awkwardly as possible. 盡可能含糊。 [C]in exaggerated statements. 夸張。 [D]as casually as possible. 盡可能隨意。 【答案】 D 【考點】 段落主旨題。 【分析】 本文題目問的實際上是幽默故事的講述方式，可以定位到第四段，它指出幽默要自然，隨意，急興，放松，舒緩，緩慢，輕松。只要考生看懂了這些詞的意思，這道題就很容易會選擇[D]選項。 25. The best title for the text may be 本文最佳標(biāo)題或許是 [A]Use Humor Effectively. 有效使用幽默。 [B]Various Kinds of Humor. 各式幽默。 [C]Add Humor to Speech. 為演講添加幽默。 [D]Different Humor Strategies. 不同的幽默策略。 【答案】 A 【考點】 文章主旨題。 【分析】 本題考的是對全文的理解，這樣的題目需要對全文的通讀和理解。[A]能夠很好地表示在文中作者教會別人怎樣有效地使用幽默這樣一個事實。而[B]不合適，是因為本文中并沒有談?wù)撚哪姆N類。[C]僅僅講出了幽默的必要性，但是不能體現(xiàn)出文中教人學(xué)會幽默的思想。文章中最后一段也提到不同的幽默策略，但是那僅僅是文章主旨的一小部分。 難句解析： 1. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help toshow them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation andare in sympathy with their point of view。 【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】該句的主語是your humor，后面有并列的謂語must be和should help to show，其中后一個謂語的賓語中them是間接賓語，加上兩個并列的賓語從句做直接賓語：that you are one of them和that youunderstand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view。 2. If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you willbe in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to allof you and it ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about theinedible canteen food or the chairman s notorious bad taste in ties。 【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】if引導(dǎo)了一個條件從句，而后面的主句是兩個分句構(gòu)成的并列句。在第一個分句中有一個定語從句which are common to all of you，來修飾the experiencesand problems，而后面的分句的結(jié)構(gòu)是一個it is +形容詞+for sb. to do sth。的結(jié)構(gòu)。 3. Often it s the delivery which causes the audience to smile, sospeak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may helpto show that you are making a light-hearted remark。 【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句是由so連接的并列句，前是因，后是果。前一分句是一個復(fù)合句結(jié)構(gòu)，而后一分句是一個祈使句，其謂語動詞是speak和remember。而remember后面是that引導(dǎo)的一個很長的賓語從句。 全文翻譯： 如果你想在談話中用幽默來使人發(fā)笑，你就必須知道如何識別共同的經(jīng)歷和問題。你的幽默必須和聽眾有關(guān)，應(yīng)該幫助你向他們顯示你是他們當(dāng)中的一員，你了解他們的情況，同情他們的觀點。根據(jù)你談話對象的不同，問題也有所不同。如果你在和一群經(jīng)理談話，你就可以提及他們秘書的混亂的方法;或者，如果你說話的對象是一群秘書，你就可以評價一下她們沒有條理的老板。 這里就有一個這樣的例子，是我在一個護(hù)士大會上聽到的。這個故事效果很好，因為所有的聽眾都對醫(yī)生有同樣的看法。說，有一個人到了天堂，正被圣彼得帶著四處參觀。他看到了令人驚奇的住所、美麗的花園、晴朗的天氣等等。每一個人都很平和、禮貌和友善，直到排隊吃午飯的時候，這位新來的人突然被一位身穿白大褂的人推到一旁，只見該人徑直擠到了隊伍的前頭，抓起食物，大搖大擺走到一張餐桌旁。這是誰啊?新來的人問圣彼得。哦，那是上帝，他回答說，他有時自以為是名醫(yī)生。 如果你是你談話對象的一部分，你就會了解大伙共同的經(jīng)歷和問題，你就可對餐廳難以下咽的食物或者總裁在領(lǐng)帶方面差勁的品味評頭論足。而對于其他類型的聽眾，你就不能試圖插嘴地講這種幽默，因為他們也許不喜歡外人詆毀他們的餐廳或總裁。如果你咬住郵局或電話局這樣的替罪羊，那你就處于更加安全的境地。 如果你在幽默時覺得很尷尬，你就必須進(jìn)行練習(xí)使它變得更自然。加入一些很隨便的、顯然是即興的話的同時你就可以用輕松的、不做作的方式把它們說出來了。常常是表達(dá)的方式使聽眾發(fā)笑，因此要說慢一些，并且記住要抬抬眉毛或者做出一種不相信的表情，這些都會有助于顯示你正在說笑話。 尋找幽默，它常常來的出其不意。惡搞一下名言你要是一開始不成功，不如放棄，或者是玩文字游戲和戲謔某個場景。尋找夸張用語和打折扣的話。看看你的談話，挑幾個能夠倒過來說的詞匯和句子，再注入一些幽默。
If you intend usinghumor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify sharedexperiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience andshould help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand theirsituation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom youare addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a groupof managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries;alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment ontheir disorganized bosses。 Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses convention,of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view ofdoctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. Hesees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on.Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line forlunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, whorushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table byhimself. Who is that? the new arrival asked St. Peter. Oh, thats God, came thereply, but sometimes he thinks hes a doctor。 If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will bein a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all ofyou and itll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about theinedible canteen food or the chairmans notorious badtaste in ties. With other audiences you mustnt attempt to cut inwith humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks abouttheir canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick toscapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system。 If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that itbecomes more natural, include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarkswhich you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often its thedelivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember thata raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making alight-hearted remark。 Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist ona familiar quote If at first you dont succeed, give up or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration andunderstatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences whichyou can turn about and inject with humor。 21. To make your humor work, you should [A]take advantage of different kinds of audience。 [B]make fun of the disorganized people。 [C]address different problems to different people。 [D]show sympathy for your listeners。 22. The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, theyare [A]impolite to new arrivals。 [B]very conscious of their godlike role。 [C]entitled to some privileges。 [D]very busy even during lunch hours。 23. It can be inferred from the text that public services [A]have benefited many people。 [B]are the focus of public attention。 [C]are an inappropriate subject for humor。 [D]have often been the laughing stock。 24. To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should bedelivered [A]in well-worded language。 [B]as awkwardly as possible。 [C]in exaggerated statements。 [D]as casually as possible。 25. The best title for the text may be [A]Use Humor Effectively。 [B]Various Kinds of Humor。 [C]Add Humor to Speech。 [D]Different Humor Strategies。 名師解析 21. To make your humor work, you should 要想讓你的幽默奏效，你應(yīng)該 [A]take advantage of different kinds of audience。利用不同的觀眾。 [B]make fun of the disorganized people。取笑那些做事混亂的人。 [C]address different problems to different people。和不同的人談不同的問題。 [D]show sympathy for your listeners。同情你的聽眾。 【答案】 C 【考點】 段落主旨題。 【分析】 根據(jù)題目知道本題考查的是幽默須知的內(nèi)容，定位到第一段。文中說要使你的聽眾發(fā)笑，你就必須知道如何識別你和他人的共同的經(jīng)歷和問題，這個就是本題解答的關(guān)鍵。加上第一段第三句話Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different。[A]說利用不同的觀眾，這個提法中的利用詞義本身就有侵害客體的含義，讓人覺得是在利用別人的弱點，而且和上文提到的幽默須知顯然不符合。[B]僅僅是作者例舉的一個例子，用來表示如何和別人分享經(jīng)歷。[C]很好地表達(dá)了第一段的主題。[D]錯在其范圍被縮小了。 22. The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses,they are 關(guān)于醫(yī)生的這個笑話表明，在護(hù)士眼里，醫(yī)生 [A]impolite to new arrivals. 對新人不禮貌。 [B]very conscious of their godlike role. 對自己上帝般的作用非常在意。 [C]entitled to some privileges. 有權(quán)獲得某些特權(quán)。 [D]very busy even during lunch hours. 午飯時也非常繁忙。 【答案】 B 【考點】 推斷題。 【分析】 根據(jù)本題的題干，定位為第二段，本題講述了一個經(jīng)典的護(hù)士看待醫(yī)生的笑話，將上帝比作醫(yī)生那樣表現(xiàn)的傲慢無理。考生應(yīng)該明白這里實際上是在說醫(yī)生將自己比作上帝，顯得那么傲慢無禮。[A]只是醫(yī)生傲慢舉止中的一項。[B]非常恰當(dāng)，因為它揭示了護(hù)士群體眼中的醫(yī)生那種傲慢的感覺。[C]認(rèn)為獲得某種特權(quán)，是因為沒有理解St.Peter的話，被醫(yī)生把新來的人推到一邊，沖到隊伍的最前面這個現(xiàn)象誤導(dǎo)，享有特權(quán)的印象是中性的描述，其實揭示背后所反應(yīng)的醫(yī)生的傲慢才是主要目的。[D]選項顯然錯誤。 23. It can be inferred from the text that public services 從文中可以推斷出，公共服務(wù) [A]have benefited many people. 已經(jīng)造福很多人。 [B]are the focus of public attention. 是大眾關(guān)注的焦點。 [C]are an inappropriate subject for humor. 是一個不適合做幽默的主題。 [D]have often been the laughing stock。經(jīng)常是別人的笑料。 【答案】 D 【考點】 推理題。 【分析】 根據(jù)公共服務(wù)可以定位到第三段最后一句，這句話中提到了郵局和電話這兩個行業(yè)。文章說安全的做法是咬住一些替罪羊比如郵局和電話業(yè)，之所以安全是因為這樣不會冒犯什么人。既然是這樣，那么肯定大家經(jīng)常會拿這個公共服務(wù)業(yè)來開玩笑的。因此可以得出結(jié)論，即[D]是正確選項。[A]和文章的主旨沒有關(guān)系，這里也推斷不出這樣的結(jié)論。[B]說是大眾關(guān)注的焦點，但是這句話沒有表現(xiàn)出原文對這兩個公共行業(yè)的一種戲謔的意味。 24. To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should bedelivered 為獲得理想的效果，幽默故事的講述應(yīng)當(dāng) [A]in well-worded language. 言詞適當(dāng)。 [B]as awkwardly as possible. 盡可能含糊。 [C]in exaggerated statements. 夸張。 [D]as casually as possible. 盡可能隨意。 【答案】 D 【考點】 段落主旨題。 【分析】 本文題目問的實際上是幽默故事的講述方式，可以定位到第四段，它指出幽默要自然，隨意，急興，放松，舒緩，緩慢，輕松。只要考生看懂了這些詞的意思，這道題就很容易會選擇[D]選項。 25. The best title for the text may be 本文最佳標(biāo)題或許是 [A]Use Humor Effectively. 有效使用幽默。 [B]Various Kinds of Humor. 各式幽默。 [C]Add Humor to Speech. 為演講添加幽默。 [D]Different Humor Strategies. 不同的幽默策略。 【答案】 A 【考點】 文章主旨題。 【分析】 本題考的是對全文的理解，這樣的題目需要對全文的通讀和理解。[A]能夠很好地表示在文中作者教會別人怎樣有效地使用幽默這樣一個事實。而[B]不合適，是因為本文中并沒有談?wù)撚哪姆N類。[C]僅僅講出了幽默的必要性，但是不能體現(xiàn)出文中教人學(xué)會幽默的思想。文章中最后一段也提到不同的幽默策略，但是那僅僅是文章主旨的一小部分。 難句解析： 1. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help toshow them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation andare in sympathy with their point of view。 【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】該句的主語是your humor，后面有并列的謂語must be和should help to show，其中后一個謂語的賓語中them是間接賓語，加上兩個并列的賓語從句做直接賓語：that you are one of them和that youunderstand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view。 2. If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you willbe in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to allof you and it ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about theinedible canteen food or the chairman s notorious bad taste in ties。 【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】if引導(dǎo)了一個條件從句，而后面的主句是兩個分句構(gòu)成的并列句。在第一個分句中有一個定語從句which are common to all of you，來修飾the experiencesand problems，而后面的分句的結(jié)構(gòu)是一個it is +形容詞+for sb. to do sth。的結(jié)構(gòu)。 3. Often it s the delivery which causes the audience to smile, sospeak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may helpto show that you are making a light-hearted remark。 【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句是由so連接的并列句，前是因，后是果。前一分句是一個復(fù)合句結(jié)構(gòu)，而后一分句是一個祈使句，其謂語動詞是speak和remember。而remember后面是that引導(dǎo)的一個很長的賓語從句。 全文翻譯： 如果你想在談話中用幽默來使人發(fā)笑，你就必須知道如何識別共同的經(jīng)歷和問題。你的幽默必須和聽眾有關(guān)，應(yīng)該幫助你向他們顯示你是他們當(dāng)中的一員，你了解他們的情況，同情他們的觀點。根據(jù)你談話對象的不同，問題也有所不同。如果你在和一群經(jīng)理談話，你就可以提及他們秘書的混亂的方法;或者，如果你說話的對象是一群秘書，你就可以評價一下她們沒有條理的老板。 這里就有一個這樣的例子，是我在一個護(hù)士大會上聽到的。這個故事效果很好，因為所有的聽眾都對醫(yī)生有同樣的看法。說，有一個人到了天堂，正被圣彼得帶著四處參觀。他看到了令人驚奇的住所、美麗的花園、晴朗的天氣等等。每一個人都很平和、禮貌和友善，直到排隊吃午飯的時候，這位新來的人突然被一位身穿白大褂的人推到一旁，只見該人徑直擠到了隊伍的前頭，抓起食物，大搖大擺走到一張餐桌旁。這是誰啊?新來的人問圣彼得。哦，那是上帝，他回答說，他有時自以為是名醫(yī)生。 如果你是你談話對象的一部分，你就會了解大伙共同的經(jīng)歷和問題，你就可對餐廳難以下咽的食物或者總裁在領(lǐng)帶方面差勁的品味評頭論足。而對于其他類型的聽眾，你就不能試圖插嘴地講這種幽默，因為他們也許不喜歡外人詆毀他們的餐廳或總裁。如果你咬住郵局或電話局這樣的替罪羊，那你就處于更加安全的境地。 如果你在幽默時覺得很尷尬，你就必須進(jìn)行練習(xí)使它變得更自然。加入一些很隨便的、顯然是即興的話的同時你就可以用輕松的、不做作的方式把它們說出來了。常常是表達(dá)的方式使聽眾發(fā)笑，因此要說慢一些，并且記住要抬抬眉毛或者做出一種不相信的表情，這些都會有助于顯示你正在說笑話。 尋找幽默，它常常來的出其不意。惡搞一下名言你要是一開始不成功，不如放棄，或者是玩文字游戲和戲謔某個場景。尋找夸張用語和打折扣的話。看看你的談話，挑幾個能夠倒過來說的詞匯和句子，再注入一些幽默。
