職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)理工類(lèi)A級(jí)完型填空例題解析
Debate over the use of Renewable energy
Ausubel of Rockefeller University in New York, US. says the key renewable energy sources, including sun, wind and biofuels, would all require vast 1 of land if developed up to large scale production1 unlike nuclear power. That land would be far better left alone2, he says. Renewables look attractive when they are quite 2 . But if we start producing renewable energy on a large scale, the fallout is going to be horrible. Instead, Ausubel argues 3 renewed development of nuclear.
Ausubel draws his conclusions by analysing the amount of energy renewables, natural gas and nuclear can produce in terms of power per square metre of land used3. Moreover, he claims that as renewable energy use increases, this measure of efficiency4 will 4 as the best land for wind, biofuels, and solar power gets used up.
Using biofuels to obtain the 5 amount of energy as a 1000 megawatt nuclear power plant would require 2500 square kilometres of farm 6 , Ausubel says. We should be sparing land for nature5, not using it as pasture for cars and trucks, he adds.
Solar power is much more efficient than biofuel in terms of the area of land 7 , but it would still require 150 square kilometres of photovoltaic cells to 8 the energy production of the 1000 MW nuclear plant. In another example, he says meeting the 2005 US electricity demand via wind power alone would need 780,000 square kilometres, an area the size of Texas.
However, several experts are highly critical 9 Ausubels conclusions. John Turner of the US governments National Renewable Energy Laboratory says that 10 the US got all of its power from solar energy, it would still need less than half the amount of land that has been paved over for highways. Further, it need not 11 additional land. The US could get a quarter of its energy just from covering rooftops of 12 buildings, he says.
According to Turner, the same dual use also applies to wind power6. The footprint for wind7 is only 5% of the land that it 13 . Farmers can still farm the land that the turbines are on8. Turner says looking solely at land use is an oversimplification of the 14 . Im not sure Id want to build one of these nuclear plants in Afghanistan9, but we could 15 put in wind and solar power, he adds.
詞匯：
renewable adj. 可再生的
n. 可再生能源photovoltaic adj. 光電的
rooftop n. 屋頂
biofuel n 生物燃料footprint n. 足跡，影響區(qū)域
fallout n. 余波，結(jié)果turbine n. 渦輪機(jī)
megawatt n. 兆瓦
pasture n. 牧場(chǎng)，牧地Oversimplification n. 過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)單化
注釋?zhuān)?/p>
1. if developed up to large scale production：如果開(kāi)發(fā)達(dá)到大規(guī)模的程度。 if developed up to large scale production = if (the key renewable energy sources were) developed up to large scale production
2.That land would be far better left alone：保留那一片土地遠(yuǎn)比使用它為好。(be) left alone 是別動(dòng)它的意思。如：
Leave him alone. He can solve the problem himself.
(不要打攪他。他自己會(huì)解決問(wèn)題的。)
3.Ausubel draws his conclusions by analysing the amount of energy renewables, natural gas and nuclear can produce in terms of power per square metre of land used：Ausubel 用每平方公尺土地與產(chǎn)生的能量的比率這一方法，對(duì)可再生能源、天然氣和核電廠發(fā)出多少能量進(jìn)行分析，從而得出他的結(jié)論。 (that) renewables, natural gas and nuclear can produce in terms of power per square metre of land used 是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾 the amount of energy, 關(guān)系動(dòng)詞 that 省略。in terms of 是 按照，依據(jù)。如：
We cannot measure everything in term of money.
(我們不能用金錢(qián)來(lái)衡量每一件事。)
4.this measure of efficiency：這種效率的值。measure 這里指值的大小。
5.We should be sparing land for nature：我們應(yīng)該將土地留給自然。spare 是免去，免遭。如：
Call him and you will spare a visit.
(打個(gè)電話給他，省得自己跑一趟。)
6.the same dual use also applies to wind power：同樣的雙重利用土地 也適用于風(fēng)力發(fā)電
7.The footprint for wind：風(fēng)力發(fā)電占用的土地。footprint 在此的意思是影響區(qū)。wind 實(shí)際上指的是風(fēng)力發(fā)電。
8.Farmers can still farm the land that the turbines are on：農(nóng)民在渦輪機(jī)占用的土地上仍然可以耕種。 Farmers can still farm the land that the turbines are on = Farmers can still farm the land on which the turbines are
9.Im not sure Id want to build one of these nuclear plants in Afghanistan：我確定不了我是否還想在阿富汗建立一個(gè)這樣的核電廠。這是一種委婉的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)方式 (understatement)，其真正要表達(dá)的意思是：我不想在阿富汗建立一個(gè)這樣的核電廠。
練習(xí)：
1.A) figuresB) amountsC) numbersD) digits
2.A) smallB) hugeC) littleD) vast
3.A) atB) overC) forD) against
4.A) expandB) minimizeC) enlargeD) decrease
5.A) sameB) similarC) alikeD) identical
6.A) regionB) siteC) areaD) land
7.A) leasedB) cultivatedC) usedD) purchased
8.A) patchB) matchC) catchD) fetch
9.A) inB) withC) ofD) on
10.A) even ifB) only if C) what ifD) as if
11.A) lock upB) take upC) give upD) step up
12.A) toweringB) interestingC) nicelookingD) existing
13.A) surroundsB) containsC) includesD) covers
14.A) issueB) stuffC) summaryD) suggestion
15.A) doubtfully B) supposedlyC) certainlyD) honestly
答案與解析：
1.分析文章主題： Debate over(關(guān)于...的爭(zhēng)論) the use(使用) of renewable(可再生的) energy(能量)
文章主題詞：renewable energy, debate, use
2. 直接解題：
1.A) figures B) amounts C) numbersD) digits
Ausubel of Rockefeller(洛克菲勒) University in New York(紐約), US. says the key(關(guān)鍵， 鑰匙，答案) renewable(可再生的) energy sources(能源), including(包括) sun, wind and biofuels(生物燃料), would all(全部) require(需要，要求) vast(遼闊的) 1 of land(土地，陸地， 著陸) if(they are) developed (被發(fā)展)up to large scale production (大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)) unlike(與...不同) nuclear power(核動(dòng)力) .
1.B雖然四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的詞 (figures 數(shù)字， 體形，考慮(figure out計(jì)算出/斷定)， amounts 數(shù)量， 總計(jì)，numbers 數(shù)目，digits 阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字) 都是與數(shù)字有關(guān)的，在vast... of修飾不可數(shù)名詞 land ，因此需要用 amounts。B 是答案。
That land would be far(更加， 遙遠(yuǎn)的) better (when it is) left alone, he says.
Leave...alone 不管...
2.A) small(小的， 少的)B) huge(巨大的， 極大的)C) little(很少的， 短暫的， 矮小的) D) vast(巨大的， 遼闊的， 大量的)
Renewables (可再生能源)look attractive(吸引人的) when they are quite(十分， 相當(dāng)) 2 .
2.A在 Renewables look attractive when they are quite __?__. But if we start producing renewable energy on a large scale, the fallout is going to be horrible這兩個(gè)句子之間，有個(gè)連詞 But, 說(shuō)明兩個(gè)句子的意思相反。后一句說(shuō)，如果大規(guī)模開(kāi)發(fā)可再生能源，其后果十分可怕。既然 大規(guī)模、可怕，前一句填入空格的詞應(yīng)該與之相反。選項(xiàng) A 是 small ，正符合要求，A 是答案。
考點(diǎn)：上下文之間的意義。
But(但是) if we start(開(kāi)始) producing(生產(chǎn)) renewable energy on a large scale(大規(guī)模地) , the fallout(附帶結(jié)果) is going to (將會(huì)...)be horrible(可怕的).
3.A) atB) overC) forD) against
Instead(代替)(instead of using renewable energy), Ausubel argues 3 renewed(更新的，重建的) development(發(fā)展) of nuclear(核能).
3.CAusubel 是不贊成大規(guī)模開(kāi)發(fā)可再生能源的。空3后出現(xiàn) nuclear, 可以合理地推論出，這是他贊同的能源。所以要選 C 的for( argue for...(爭(zhēng)論以支持...)。 argue over (就進(jìn)行爭(zhēng)論), argue against (爭(zhēng)論以反對(duì)...) 都不符合上下文的意思。.
Ausubel draws his conclusions by (通過(guò)...得出結(jié)論)analyzing(分析) the amount of energy renewables, natural gas (天然氣)and nuclear can produce(生產(chǎn)，結(jié)(果)， 創(chuàng)作) in terms of (根據(jù)...,按照...) power per(每) square metre(平方米) of land used (被用的).
4.A) expand(使膨脹， 擴(kuò)大)B) minimize(把...減到最少)C) enlarge(擴(kuò)大， 放大)D) decrease(減少)
Moreover(而且), he claims(聲稱(chēng)， 主張) that as(當(dāng)) renewable energy use(使用) increases(增加), this measure(測(cè)量， 估量) of efficiency(功效， 效率)will 4 as(隨著， 當(dāng)) the best(最好的) land for wind, biofuels, and solar power(太陽(yáng)能) gets used up(用光) .
4.D空4前面一句說(shuō)，Ausubel 對(duì)可再生能源、天然氣和核電廠發(fā)出的電量與其占用土地的量的比值作一比較。空4所在的句子說(shuō)，隨著風(fēng)力發(fā)電、生物燃料發(fā)電和太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電占用的最好的土地逐漸用完，這個(gè)效率比值會(huì)發(fā)生什么變化呢?從 gets used up 分析，效率比值應(yīng)該變小才對(duì)。所以要選 D的 decrease。minimize (使最小化)不符合上下文的意思。
5.A) same(相同的)B) similar(相似的)C) alike(相似的， 類(lèi)似地)D) identical(同樣的)
6.A) region(區(qū)域，地方)B) site(場(chǎng)所， 現(xiàn)場(chǎng)， 遺址)C) area(區(qū)域， 面積， 領(lǐng)域)D) land
Using biofuels(生物燃料) to obtain(獲得) the 5 amount of energy as a 1000 megawatt(兆瓦特) nuclear power plant (核電站)would require(需要) 2500 square kilometers of farm 6 , Ausubel says.
5.A從句子的意思和詞的搭配上看，填入 空5的詞是選項(xiàng) A 的 same。sameas 是固定搭配。填入 same 之后，句子的意思也完整了，即：用生物燃料得到與 1000 兆瓦核電廠相同的能量需要 2500 平方公里的耕地。
6.DLand在前文中出現(xiàn)過(guò)， 因此land成為答案的可能性較大。Region 和area詞義十分接近， 可以彼此排除掉， B出現(xiàn)在空格中不合適。 Farm land的含義為耕地。
We should be sparing(節(jié)約， 多余的， 剩下的) land for nature(自然), not using it as(作為) pasture(牧場(chǎng)，草原) for cars and trucks(卡車(chē)), he adds(增加， 補(bǔ)充說(shuō)).
7.A) leased(出租， 租借)B) cultivated(耕耘， 培養(yǎng))C) usedD) purchased(購(gòu)買(mǎi))
8.A) patch(修補(bǔ)， 碎片)B) match(相匹配)C) catch(捕捉，趕上(車(chē))，感染(疾病))D) fetch(取來(lái)，帶來(lái))
Solar power(太陽(yáng)能)is much more (更加)efficient(有效率的) than biofuel in terms of the area(面積) of land 7 , but it would still(仍然， 更，禁止的) require(需要) 150 square kilometers (平方公里) of photovoltaic cells (光電池)to 8 the energy production(發(fā)電) of the 1000 MW(兆瓦) nuclear plant(核工廠).
7.C空7所在的句子的意思是： 根據(jù)...土地計(jì)算，太陽(yáng)能的效率比生物燃料的效率高得多 。最適合填入的詞是 C 的 used。其它三個(gè)選項(xiàng) leased (租借)、cultivated (耕種)、purchased (購(gòu)買(mǎi))都不符合上下文的意思。
8.B本題只能選 B 的 match (相匹配)，其它三個(gè)選項(xiàng)，即 patch (補(bǔ)綴)、catch (捕捉)、fetch (取來(lái)) 只是與 match 發(fā)音接近，意思與上下文不匹配。
In another(另外的) example(例子), he says meeting the 2005 US electricity demand(滿(mǎn)足...的需要) via(通過(guò)) wind power alone(單獨(dú)地，單獨(dú)的) would need 780,000 square kilometres, an area(面積)(of) the size(大小，尺寸) of Texas(得克薩斯州).
9.A) inB) withC) ofD) on
However(然而), several(幾個(gè)的) experts(專(zhuān)家) are highly(非常) critical 9 Ausubels conclusions(結(jié)論).
9.Ccritical 要求后接 of。C 是答案。
10.A) even if(即使)B) only if(只有當(dāng)...) C) what if(如果...怎么辦)D) as if(仿佛)
John Turner of the US government(政府)s National(國(guó)家的) Renewable Energy Laboratory(實(shí)驗(yàn)室) says that 10 the US got(獲得) all of its power from solar energy, it would still need less than (少于)half the amount of land that has been paved(鋪(路)) over for highways(公路).
10.A從空10所在的句子分析：the US got all of its power from solar energy 應(yīng)該是賓語(yǔ)從句中的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，選 A 的 even if 是對(duì)的。only if (只有當(dāng)...)、what if (如果怎么辦)、as if (仿佛)從其分別得使用特點(diǎn)上看都不能出現(xiàn)在空格處。
e.g. only if you pass(通過(guò)) the driving test (駕車(chē)考試)can you get drivers license(駕照).
e.g. what if my mother knows I lied to (向...說(shuō)謊) her? 如果我媽媽知道我說(shuō)了謊話怎么辦?
e.g. He looks as if he didnt sleep(睡覺(jué)) last night(昨晚).他看起來(lái)就像昨晚沒(méi)有睡覺(jué)的樣子
11.A) lock up(鎖上)B) take up(占據(jù)， 開(kāi)始從事)C) give up(放棄)D) step up(逐步增加， 提升)
Further(此外， 更遠(yuǎn)地， 更遠(yuǎn)的), it need not 11 additional(附加的， 額外的) land.
11.B本題只能選 B 的 take up (占用)，因?yàn)橛蒙?take up 后，上下文的意思就連貫了。其它三個(gè)選項(xiàng)，即 lock up(鎖上)、give up (放棄)、step up (逐步增加) 的意思與上下文不匹配。
12.A) towering(高聳的， 杰出的)B) interesting(有趣的)C) nicelooking(樣子好看的)D) existing(現(xiàn)有的)
The US could get a quarter of (1/4) its energy just(僅僅) from covering(鋪設(shè)的) rooftops(屋頂) of 12 buildings(建筑物), he says.
12.D空12所在的句子的意思是： 美國(guó)僅僅從 ? 大樓的樓頂(鋪設(shè)的太陽(yáng)能電池板)中就能得到四分之一的能量。從意思連貫的角度選擇，選項(xiàng) D 的 existing 最符合題意。
According to (根據(jù))Turner, the same dual(雙重的) use also applies to(適用于...) wind power (風(fēng)能).
13.A) surrounds(圍繞)B) contains(包含， 容納)C) includes(包括， 包含)D) covers(覆蓋，包括， 蓋子， 封面 )
The footprint(足跡，影響區(qū)域) for wind is only 5% of the land that it 13 . Farmers can still farm(耕種， 農(nóng)場(chǎng)) the land that the turbines(渦輪) are on(處于工作狀態(tài)中).
13.D本段第一句用了 dual use。第二句說(shuō)風(fēng)力發(fā)電占用土地的百分?jǐn)?shù) (土地的第一個(gè)用途)。第三句說(shuō)建有渦輪發(fā)電機(jī)的土地仍然可以用于耕種 (土地的第二個(gè)用途)。空13要填的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該是 D 的 covers (覆蓋)。the land that it (指代 wind) covers, 意為 風(fēng)力發(fā)電所覆蓋的土地。
14.A) issue(問(wèn)題， 期， 出版， 流出， 發(fā)行(鈔票))B) stuff(原料，材料， 塞滿(mǎn))C) summary(摘要， 概要)D) suggestion(建議， 暗示)
Turner says(說(shuō)) looking solely(單獨(dú)地) at (看)land use is an oversimplification(過(guò)于單純化) of the 14 .
14.A從上下文看，應(yīng)該是對(duì)占用土地問(wèn)題的過(guò)度簡(jiǎn)單化。選項(xiàng) A 的 issue (問(wèn)題) 正是上下文缺失的詞。stuff 、summary 、suggestion 都不對(duì)。
15.A) doubtfully(懷疑地) B) supposedly(按照推測(cè))C) certainly(的確， 當(dāng)然)D) honestly(真誠(chéng)地，公開(kāi)地)
Im not sure(對(duì)...有把握的，的確) Id want to (想要) build(修建) one of these nuclear plants(核工廠) in Afghanistan(阿富汗) , but we could 15 put in(在...上投入資金/時(shí)間， 打斷談話) wind and solar power, he adds.
15.C空15所在句子的前半句是說(shuō)不會(huì)在阿富汗建造核電站，后半句用 but 開(kāi)始，說(shuō)明前半句和后半句的意思相反。前半句用了 Im not sure，后半句用 選項(xiàng) C 的 certainly, 與 not sure 的意思相反，是很合理的。
