職稱英語(yǔ)考試閱讀綜合輔導(dǎo)第五講
五個(gè)基本句型: 根據(jù)動(dòng)詞的特性,構(gòu)成英語(yǔ)中五個(gè)基本句型: 1) 主語(yǔ) + 系動(dòng)詞 + 表語(yǔ) 2) 主語(yǔ) + 不及物動(dòng)詞 主語(yǔ) + 系動(dòng)詞 + 表語(yǔ) 2) 主語(yǔ) + 不及物動(dòng)詞 3) 主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ) 4) 主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 雙賓語(yǔ) 5) 主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ) + 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 我們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)5個(gè)基本句型時(shí),主要關(guān)心每個(gè)句型中的出題點(diǎn)在哪里。 第一句型:主語(yǔ) + 系動(dòng)詞 + 表語(yǔ) 1) 系動(dòng)詞一般為be 動(dòng)詞。 注意:look, feel, sound, smell, taste, get, become, come, go, turn, grow, keep, seem, stand等詞可以作半系動(dòng)詞用,按行為動(dòng)詞方式變化,起系動(dòng)詞的作用。 試驗(yàn)比較: He felt the pockets thoroughly but did not find a single penny. You look pale. Do you feel unwell? 一般來(lái)說(shuō),動(dòng)詞后面跟的是個(gè)形容詞或名詞,該動(dòng)詞為系動(dòng)詞, 如:The plan sounds perfect. / The flower smells nice. / The dish tastes delicious. / It is getting dark. 實(shí)例: Dont worry. Let me take your pulse first. Oh, it ______ normal. A. is felt B. is feeling C. feels D. felt 解題思路:normal為形容詞,前面應(yīng)為系動(dòng)詞;系動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),故A不對(duì); look, feel, sound, taste, smell, seem等半系動(dòng)詞一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí),B也不對(duì);D時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)了,故正確答案為C. 2)there be是英語(yǔ)中非常重要的一個(gè)句型: there是引導(dǎo)詞,不解釋 那里 這是個(gè)倒裝句, 主語(yǔ)在be動(dòng)詞的后面, be動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由后面的主語(yǔ)決定。 注意中國(guó)學(xué)生容易搞錯(cuò)的問(wèn)題: There isnt enough furniture in the room. 錯(cuò):There hasnt enough furniture in the room. There is no doubt that smallpox has been wiped out in China. 錯(cuò):It is no doubt that smallpox has been wiped out in China. There is ample evidence that AIDS is spreading quickly in Asia. 錯(cuò):It is evidence that AIDS is spreading quickly in Asia. 第二句型:主語(yǔ) + 不及物動(dòng)詞 在這個(gè)句型中主要注意及物動(dòng)詞與不及物動(dòng)詞的區(qū)分: 不及物動(dòng)詞 及物動(dòng)詞 rise /rose / risen raise /raised / raised arise / arose / arisen arouse / aroused / aroused lie / lay / lain lay / laid / laid arrive at reach wait for await remain maintain 上面所注僅為典型詞義,要根據(jù)句子判別其他意思。 此外,該句型常采用倒裝形式,注意辨別,主要是以下兩種情況: 1) 用here 或 there引導(dǎo):Here comes the bus. / There rings the bell. 2) 在動(dòng)詞 + 介詞短語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)中,往往將介詞短語(yǔ)提前:On the top of the hill stands a pretty little house. 第三句型:主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ) 我們知道,名詞可以做主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 -ing和 to do也可以做主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ), 作主語(yǔ): Learning a foreign language is not easy. To learn a foreign language is not easy. 從語(yǔ)法角度講,上述兩個(gè)表達(dá)方式都可以。 但是,當(dāng)動(dòng)詞處于賓語(yǔ)位置時(shí),就不能這樣隨心所欲了,因?yàn)橛⒄Z(yǔ)語(yǔ)法有以下幾個(gè)規(guī)定: 1)acknowledge / admit / appreciate / avoid / consider / contemplate / defer / deny / dislike / enjoy / escape / evade / excuse / facilitate / fancy / favor / feel like / finish / give up / cannot help / cannot stand / imagine / include / keep / do not mind / miss / permit / practice / regret / resent / risk / suggest 等詞后面的動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)必須用-ing 形式,重點(diǎn)和首先要掌握黑體字部分。由于這些次的詞義與解題關(guān)系不大,沒有給出具體詞義解釋。若需要,請(qǐng)學(xué)生自己自學(xué)庫(kù)解決。 這是語(yǔ)法考試的一個(gè)重點(diǎn),要對(duì)以上詞特別敏感,例如: It is impossible to avoid ______ by the stormy weather. A. being much affected B. having much affected C. to be much affected D. to have been much affected 解題思路:1)一看到avoid一詞,便可確定正確答案在A、B中; 2)affect意為影響,及物動(dòng)詞,故B不對(duì)。[如果做題時(shí)間來(lái)不及,此類題目若有主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)之分,一般選被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的正確率高些。] 2) remember / forget:后面既可跟 -ing, 也可跟 to do,但意思不一樣:to do表示說(shuō)話時(shí)還沒有發(fā)生的事,-ing表示對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生過(guò)事的回憶,如:我昨天出門時(shí)忘了關(guān)窗了。顯然是指出門時(shí)還沒有做的事,因此用to do形式;我不記得以前見過(guò)你。顯然是指說(shuō)話以前的事,因此用 -ing形式,即: I forgot to close the windows when I left home yesterday. I dont remember seeing you before. 因此,除了知道這個(gè)規(guī)定外,分清發(fā)生過(guò)還是沒有發(fā)生是解題的關(guān)鍵。 實(shí)例: Do you remember ______ to Professor Smith during your last visit? A. to have been introduced B. having introduced C. being introduced D. to be introduced 解題思路:1)第一步要確定發(fā)生過(guò)還是沒有發(fā)生,即A、D還是B、C,你記得上次訪問(wèn)時(shí)被介紹給Smith教授的情況嗎?顯然是已發(fā)生的事,選 B、C;2)introduce后沒有賓語(yǔ),說(shuō)明是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):,故選C [再看一下上一節(jié)中的 解題思路] 3)need / want / require等解釋為需要時(shí),有兩種表達(dá)方式,如: 這間會(huì)客室需要打掃一下 A.This waiting room needs to be cleaned. B.This waiting room needs cleaning. 考試時(shí)若同時(shí)出現(xiàn)兩種選擇,選B 4)look forward to / object to / subject to / be subjected to / be opposed to / oppose to中的 to 是介詞,后面應(yīng)跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞-ing
五個(gè)基本句型: 根據(jù)動(dòng)詞的特性,構(gòu)成英語(yǔ)中五個(gè)基本句型: 1) 主語(yǔ) + 系動(dòng)詞 + 表語(yǔ) 2) 主語(yǔ) + 不及物動(dòng)詞 主語(yǔ) + 系動(dòng)詞 + 表語(yǔ) 2) 主語(yǔ) + 不及物動(dòng)詞 3) 主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ) 4) 主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 雙賓語(yǔ) 5) 主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ) + 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 我們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)5個(gè)基本句型時(shí),主要關(guān)心每個(gè)句型中的出題點(diǎn)在哪里。 第一句型:主語(yǔ) + 系動(dòng)詞 + 表語(yǔ) 1) 系動(dòng)詞一般為be 動(dòng)詞。 注意:look, feel, sound, smell, taste, get, become, come, go, turn, grow, keep, seem, stand等詞可以作半系動(dòng)詞用,按行為動(dòng)詞方式變化,起系動(dòng)詞的作用。 試驗(yàn)比較: He felt the pockets thoroughly but did not find a single penny. You look pale. Do you feel unwell? 一般來(lái)說(shuō),動(dòng)詞后面跟的是個(gè)形容詞或名詞,該動(dòng)詞為系動(dòng)詞, 如:The plan sounds perfect. / The flower smells nice. / The dish tastes delicious. / It is getting dark. 實(shí)例: Dont worry. Let me take your pulse first. Oh, it ______ normal. A. is felt B. is feeling C. feels D. felt 解題思路:normal為形容詞,前面應(yīng)為系動(dòng)詞;系動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),故A不對(duì); look, feel, sound, taste, smell, seem等半系動(dòng)詞一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí),B也不對(duì);D時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)了,故正確答案為C. 2)there be是英語(yǔ)中非常重要的一個(gè)句型: there是引導(dǎo)詞,不解釋 那里 這是個(gè)倒裝句, 主語(yǔ)在be動(dòng)詞的后面, be動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由后面的主語(yǔ)決定。 注意中國(guó)學(xué)生容易搞錯(cuò)的問(wèn)題: There isnt enough furniture in the room. 錯(cuò):There hasnt enough furniture in the room. There is no doubt that smallpox has been wiped out in China. 錯(cuò):It is no doubt that smallpox has been wiped out in China. There is ample evidence that AIDS is spreading quickly in Asia. 錯(cuò):It is evidence that AIDS is spreading quickly in Asia. 第二句型:主語(yǔ) + 不及物動(dòng)詞 在這個(gè)句型中主要注意及物動(dòng)詞與不及物動(dòng)詞的區(qū)分: 不及物動(dòng)詞 及物動(dòng)詞 rise /rose / risen raise /raised / raised arise / arose / arisen arouse / aroused / aroused lie / lay / lain lay / laid / laid arrive at reach wait for await remain maintain 上面所注僅為典型詞義,要根據(jù)句子判別其他意思。 此外,該句型常采用倒裝形式,注意辨別,主要是以下兩種情況: 1) 用here 或 there引導(dǎo):Here comes the bus. / There rings the bell. 2) 在動(dòng)詞 + 介詞短語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)中,往往將介詞短語(yǔ)提前:On the top of the hill stands a pretty little house. 第三句型:主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ) 我們知道,名詞可以做主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 -ing和 to do也可以做主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ), 作主語(yǔ): Learning a foreign language is not easy. To learn a foreign language is not easy. 從語(yǔ)法角度講,上述兩個(gè)表達(dá)方式都可以。 但是,當(dāng)動(dòng)詞處于賓語(yǔ)位置時(shí),就不能這樣隨心所欲了,因?yàn)橛⒄Z(yǔ)語(yǔ)法有以下幾個(gè)規(guī)定: 1)acknowledge / admit / appreciate / avoid / consider / contemplate / defer / deny / dislike / enjoy / escape / evade / excuse / facilitate / fancy / favor / feel like / finish / give up / cannot help / cannot stand / imagine / include / keep / do not mind / miss / permit / practice / regret / resent / risk / suggest 等詞后面的動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)必須用-ing 形式,重點(diǎn)和首先要掌握黑體字部分。由于這些次的詞義與解題關(guān)系不大,沒有給出具體詞義解釋。若需要,請(qǐng)學(xué)生自己自學(xué)庫(kù)解決。 這是語(yǔ)法考試的一個(gè)重點(diǎn),要對(duì)以上詞特別敏感,例如: It is impossible to avoid ______ by the stormy weather. A. being much affected B. having much affected C. to be much affected D. to have been much affected 解題思路:1)一看到avoid一詞,便可確定正確答案在A、B中; 2)affect意為影響,及物動(dòng)詞,故B不對(duì)。[如果做題時(shí)間來(lái)不及,此類題目若有主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)之分,一般選被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的正確率高些。] 2) remember / forget:后面既可跟 -ing, 也可跟 to do,但意思不一樣:to do表示說(shuō)話時(shí)還沒有發(fā)生的事,-ing表示對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生過(guò)事的回憶,如:我昨天出門時(shí)忘了關(guān)窗了。顯然是指出門時(shí)還沒有做的事,因此用to do形式;我不記得以前見過(guò)你。顯然是指說(shuō)話以前的事,因此用 -ing形式,即: I forgot to close the windows when I left home yesterday. I dont remember seeing you before. 因此,除了知道這個(gè)規(guī)定外,分清發(fā)生過(guò)還是沒有發(fā)生是解題的關(guān)鍵。 實(shí)例: Do you remember ______ to Professor Smith during your last visit? A. to have been introduced B. having introduced C. being introduced D. to be introduced 解題思路:1)第一步要確定發(fā)生過(guò)還是沒有發(fā)生,即A、D還是B、C,你記得上次訪問(wèn)時(shí)被介紹給Smith教授的情況嗎?顯然是已發(fā)生的事,選 B、C;2)introduce后沒有賓語(yǔ),說(shuō)明是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):,故選C [再看一下上一節(jié)中的 解題思路] 3)need / want / require等解釋為需要時(shí),有兩種表達(dá)方式,如: 這間會(huì)客室需要打掃一下 A.This waiting room needs to be cleaned. B.This waiting room needs cleaning. 考試時(shí)若同時(shí)出現(xiàn)兩種選擇,選B 4)look forward to / object to / subject to / be subjected to / be opposed to / oppose to中的 to 是介詞,后面應(yīng)跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞-ing