英語(yǔ)講義【21】連接詞及其用法

在英語(yǔ)詞類(lèi)中,連接詞可說(shuō)是最容易掌握的一種。
從結(jié)構(gòu)上說(shuō),英語(yǔ)連接詞分兩大類(lèi):并列連詞(coordinating conjunctions)和從屬連詞(subordinating conjunctions)。
并列連詞連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上地位平等的字、詞組或分句。例如:(1) Air and water are indispensable to me.
(2) She likes going out with friends or playing outdoor games.
(3) Most workers have a good income, so they look very happy.
從屬連詞連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的分句,形成復(fù)雜句中的從屬分句。例如:
(4) He said that he did not want to go .
(5) Many things have happened since I last saw him.
(6) You may come if you want to.
上述連詞的用法,看起來(lái)不難,但錯(cuò)誤也難免。下面是些好例子:
(1) This book may be used both as a text as well as a reference book.
這里的as well as和both不能搭配,應(yīng)該將as well 改為and,使bothand變成關(guān)聯(lián)連詞( correlative conjunction)
(2) He not only speaks Mandarin but also English.
這里的not only應(yīng)該移到speaks后面,使這個(gè)動(dòng)詞兼顧兩個(gè)等立賓語(yǔ):Mandarin和English。
(3) Although he is fat, but he is very weak.
英語(yǔ)里的although和but是不見(jiàn)面的 ,因此這句里的 but要去掉,不然although就要出來(lái)。
(4) Jim is not so strong like you.
這里的not so必須和as連成一體;介詞like是不適宜的。
(5) No sooner had we reached our destination, they left.
No sooner必須和than 配成關(guān)聯(lián)連詞,把than 省掉是不對(duì)的,應(yīng)該補(bǔ)上:
No sooner had we reached our destination than they left.
這句子的意思也可透過(guò)as soon as反映出來(lái):
As soon as we reached our destination, they left.
(6) I took a taxi and which took me to the station.
這里的并列連詞and是多余的,必須去掉。如果要保留and 也可,但是形容詞分句里的關(guān)系代詞Which要改成主語(yǔ)it ,使整個(gè)句子變成并列分句如下:
I took a taxi and it took me to the station.
(7) My friend came up to me and held my hand, said good-bye excitedly.
這里的and應(yīng)該用來(lái)連接最后兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)才對(duì):
My friend came up to me, held my hand, and said good-bye excitedly.
不然,就要把said改成saying。
My friend came up to me and held my hand, saying good-bye excitedly.
在英語(yǔ)詞類(lèi)中,連接詞可說(shuō)是最容易掌握的一種。
從結(jié)構(gòu)上說(shuō),英語(yǔ)連接詞分兩大類(lèi):并列連詞(coordinating conjunctions)和從屬連詞(subordinating conjunctions)。
并列連詞連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上地位平等的字、詞組或分句。例如:(1) Air and water are indispensable to me.
(2) She likes going out with friends or playing outdoor games.
(3) Most workers have a good income, so they look very happy.
從屬連詞連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的分句,形成復(fù)雜句中的從屬分句。例如:
(4) He said that he did not want to go .
(5) Many things have happened since I last saw him.
(6) You may come if you want to.
上述連詞的用法,看起來(lái)不難,但錯(cuò)誤也難免。下面是些好例子:
(1) This book may be used both as a text as well as a reference book.
這里的as well as和both不能搭配,應(yīng)該將as well 改為and,使bothand變成關(guān)聯(lián)連詞( correlative conjunction)
(2) He not only speaks Mandarin but also English.
這里的not only應(yīng)該移到speaks后面,使這個(gè)動(dòng)詞兼顧兩個(gè)等立賓語(yǔ):Mandarin和English。
(3) Although he is fat, but he is very weak.
英語(yǔ)里的although和but是不見(jiàn)面的 ,因此這句里的 but要去掉,不然although就要出來(lái)。
(4) Jim is not so strong like you.
這里的not so必須和as連成一體;介詞like是不適宜的。
(5) No sooner had we reached our destination, they left.
No sooner必須和than 配成關(guān)聯(lián)連詞,把than 省掉是不對(duì)的,應(yīng)該補(bǔ)上:
No sooner had we reached our destination than they left.
這句子的意思也可透過(guò)as soon as反映出來(lái):
As soon as we reached our destination, they left.
(6) I took a taxi and which took me to the station.
這里的并列連詞and是多余的,必須去掉。如果要保留and 也可,但是形容詞分句里的關(guān)系代詞Which要改成主語(yǔ)it ,使整個(gè)句子變成并列分句如下:
I took a taxi and it took me to the station.
(7) My friend came up to me and held my hand, said good-bye excitedly.
這里的and應(yīng)該用來(lái)連接最后兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)才對(duì):
My friend came up to me, held my hand, and said good-bye excitedly.
不然,就要把said改成saying。
My friend came up to me and held my hand, saying good-bye excitedly.