高中英語語法-書面表達中組詞成句的原則與訓練
書面表達中組詞成句的原則與訓練(二)
二、結構完整
一個完整的句子是由至少包含一個主語和一個謂語的一組詞構成的。結構不完整的情形通常有下列一些：
1、 錯誤省略
用詞簡潔是句子寫作的一個基本原則，但是省略也得遵循一定的規則，不可隨意省掉一些屬于固定搭配或有助于理解句意的詞。例：
錯誤：Youd better do it as were told.
正確：Youd better do it as told to.
原句中as從句系一個省略結構，補全后為as you were told to do it，這一結構的主謂部分在省略時應該主語和謂語同時省略，后面不定式若要省略必須保留不定式符號to。
2、斷句
句子結構不完整，寫出的句子常常只是一個不能獨立存在的短語或從句。
斷句：How we should cut off the electricity.
完整句：How should we cut off the electricity？
完整句：This is how we should cut off the electricity.
3、連寫句
當兩個或兩個以上的獨立句子被錯誤地用逗號隔開或根本就沒有標點符號相連時，就形成了連寫句。例如：
She cleaned the room, her mother prepared the supper.
改正這種句子可以根據句意采用以下四種方法中的一種或多種：
?、胖虚g用句號使各個句子獨立。She cleaned the room. Her mother prepared the supper.
⑵如果兩個句子意思聯系緊密，也可用分號分開，分號后的句子以小寫字母開頭。She cleaned the room; her mother prepared the supper.
?、莾蓚€句子若同等重要，可用并列連詞and, but, for等連成并列句。并列連詞前可以加上逗號，也可不加。She cleaned the room, and her mother prepared the supper.
?、热绻麅蓚€句子有一個比另一個地位更重要，則可以將次要的那個句子改為從句。When she cleaned the room, her mother prepared the supper.
值得一提的是however, therefore（因此），besides（再說）, now, then等連接性副詞不能像and, but, for等連詞那樣單獨連接兩個完整的句子，必須借助于句號、逗號或分號來使句子完整。例如：
He said the story happened in Japan;however, he was wrong.
有的句子從語法結構上看是完整的，但從意義上說卻是不完整的，如Guangzhou is one of the biggest cities. 這一句就最好加一個in China這樣的狀語來限定其范圍。
句意不完整的另一種現象是一個主次分明的句子有了兩個以上的中心。例如：I was walking in the park this afternoon, and saw a tiger.改正的方法主要是將其中的次要部分改為從句、修飾語或同位語。該句可以改為When I was walking in the park this afternoon, I saw a tiger.
練習：將下列句子改為結構完整或意義完整的句子。
1. While I was traveling in a city that I had never visited.
2. I like Mary as much as Jane.
3. Will you come to the party, too? Id like, but I must finish my homework first.
4. The hall is different from all other buildings, it is made of glass.
5. This is the best film.
參考答案：
1.改為I was traveling in a city that I had never visited.
原句主干部分是一個時間狀語從句，后面的that從句是作為定語修飾city的，故原句是一個殘缺句。
2.改為I like Mary as much as I like Jane. 或I like Mary as much as Jane does.
在含有比較結構的主從句中，若主句的謂語動詞是及物動詞，從句中要注意將意思交待清楚，不能隨意省略。
3.原句在Id like后省略了動詞不定式，但按規則不定式符號to應予保留。
4.改為Being made of glass, the hall is different from all other buildings.
原句是一個連寫句，兩個獨立的句子之間必須用句號或分號隔開，或者加上合適的連詞，也可將其中一個意思次要的句子改為從句或修飾性短語。
5. 改為This is the best film that Ive ever seen.
原句意義不完整，需要加上修飾語來限定其范圍。
書面表達中組詞成句的原則與訓練(二)
二、結構完整
一個完整的句子是由至少包含一個主語和一個謂語的一組詞構成的。結構不完整的情形通常有下列一些：
1、 錯誤省略
用詞簡潔是句子寫作的一個基本原則，但是省略也得遵循一定的規則，不可隨意省掉一些屬于固定搭配或有助于理解句意的詞。例：
錯誤：Youd better do it as were told.
正確：Youd better do it as told to.
原句中as從句系一個省略結構，補全后為as you were told to do it，這一結構的主謂部分在省略時應該主語和謂語同時省略，后面不定式若要省略必須保留不定式符號to。
2、斷句
句子結構不完整，寫出的句子常常只是一個不能獨立存在的短語或從句。
斷句：How we should cut off the electricity.
完整句：How should we cut off the electricity？
完整句：This is how we should cut off the electricity.
3、連寫句
當兩個或兩個以上的獨立句子被錯誤地用逗號隔開或根本就沒有標點符號相連時，就形成了連寫句。例如：
She cleaned the room, her mother prepared the supper.
改正這種句子可以根據句意采用以下四種方法中的一種或多種：
⑴中間用句號使各個句子獨立。She cleaned the room. Her mother prepared the supper.
?、迫绻麅蓚€句子意思聯系緊密，也可用分號分開，分號后的句子以小寫字母開頭。She cleaned the room; her mother prepared the supper.
?、莾蓚€句子若同等重要，可用并列連詞and, but, for等連成并列句。并列連詞前可以加上逗號，也可不加。She cleaned the room, and her mother prepared the supper.
?、热绻麅蓚€句子有一個比另一個地位更重要，則可以將次要的那個句子改為從句。When she cleaned the room, her mother prepared the supper.
值得一提的是however, therefore（因此），besides（再說）, now, then等連接性副詞不能像and, but, for等連詞那樣單獨連接兩個完整的句子，必須借助于句號、逗號或分號來使句子完整。例如：
He said the story happened in Japan;however, he was wrong.
有的句子從語法結構上看是完整的，但從意義上說卻是不完整的，如Guangzhou is one of the biggest cities. 這一句就最好加一個in China這樣的狀語來限定其范圍。
句意不完整的另一種現象是一個主次分明的句子有了兩個以上的中心。例如：I was walking in the park this afternoon, and saw a tiger.改正的方法主要是將其中的次要部分改為從句、修飾語或同位語。該句可以改為When I was walking in the park this afternoon, I saw a tiger.
練習：將下列句子改為結構完整或意義完整的句子。
1. While I was traveling in a city that I had never visited.
2. I like Mary as much as Jane.
3. Will you come to the party, too? Id like, but I must finish my homework first.
4. The hall is different from all other buildings, it is made of glass.
5. This is the best film.
參考答案：
1.改為I was traveling in a city that I had never visited.
原句主干部分是一個時間狀語從句，后面的that從句是作為定語修飾city的，故原句是一個殘缺句。
2.改為I like Mary as much as I like Jane. 或I like Mary as much as Jane does.
在含有比較結構的主從句中，若主句的謂語動詞是及物動詞，從句中要注意將意思交待清楚，不能隨意省略。
3.原句在Id like后省略了動詞不定式，但按規則不定式符號to應予保留。
4.改為Being made of glass, the hall is different from all other buildings.
原句是一個連寫句，兩個獨立的句子之間必須用句號或分號隔開，或者加上合適的連詞，也可將其中一個意思次要的句子改為從句或修飾性短語。
5. 改為This is the best film that Ive ever seen.
原句意義不完整，需要加上修飾語來限定其范圍。
