短文填空題應(yīng)對(duì)方略
短文填空題應(yīng)對(duì)方略
一、題型特征
短文填空是近年來(lái)許多省市英語(yǔ)中考中普遍采用的一種測(cè)試題型。它所涉及的知識(shí)面廣,靈活性高,綜合性也很強(qiáng)。它主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)知識(shí)應(yīng)用的熟練程度,對(duì)語(yǔ)言的遷移能力和對(duì)語(yǔ)言信息的綜合處理能力,反映出學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)素質(zhì)。該題型一般是在一篇短文中留出10個(gè)空白處,根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容以及上下文的意思,在空白處填入意思、語(yǔ)法都正確的單詞,一空只能填一詞。由于沒(méi)有選項(xiàng)的提示,因此它比完形填空的難度要大得多。短文填空是近年來(lái)重慶市中考英語(yǔ)試題中難度最大,區(qū)分度最高的題型。短文的題材很廣泛,有故事、文化習(xí)俗、科普小品、體育等。考試一般都選取學(xué)生比較熟悉的材料,常考查《大綱》范圍內(nèi)的動(dòng)詞、介詞、形容詞和副詞的級(jí)、名詞的數(shù)、習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)的搭配等。
二、解題技巧
其解題方法是:第一遍通讀全文,對(duì)文章內(nèi)容有個(gè)整體的認(rèn)識(shí),了解大意;第二遍通讀全文,根據(jù)上下文的內(nèi)容來(lái)確定所需詞的詞義,再根據(jù)語(yǔ)法以及整體邏輯關(guān)系,了解所需詞的詞性,填入大部分所需詞匯;第三遍通讀全文,對(duì)于很難找到恰當(dāng)詞的空白處,不能只看該空的那一個(gè)句子,而是要根據(jù)上下文的提示,根據(jù)全文大意,并結(jié)合英美人的習(xí)慣表達(dá),來(lái)確定這些少數(shù)未填入的詞匯;最后是復(fù)查答案,將短文再完整的讀一遍,檢查全文是否通順,上下文是否意思連貫,形式是否正確。
例題
Mr Brown had an umbrella shop in a small town. People sometimes 1 him broken umbrellas, and then he took them to a big shop in London. They were 2 there.
One day Mr Brown went to London by train. He 3 to take an umbrella with him that day. Sitting in front of him was a man with an umbrella standing 4 the seat. When the train arrived in London, Mr Brown 5 up the umbrella as he often did during his journey by train. Just as he was getting off, he was 6 by the man. He said angrily, Thats 7 ! Mr Brown s face turned red and he gave it back to the man at once.
When Mr Brown got to the big shop, the shopkeeper had got his six umbrellas ready. After a good look at 8 of them, he said, Youve mended them very well.
In the afternoon he got into the train again. The 9 man was in the same seat. He looked at Mr Brown and his six umbrellas, Youve had a 10 day, he said.
解析
這是一篇傘店老板Mr Brown在火車上發(fā)生的故事,是敘述類文章。所填的詞匯都是《大綱》范圍內(nèi)要求的常規(guī)詞匯,因此難度不是很大。學(xué)生應(yīng)在短文語(yǔ)境中對(duì)有用的信息進(jìn)行推敲,結(jié)合整篇文章的內(nèi)容,確定所需詞匯。通讀全文,了解大意。再讀全文,確定所需詞的詞義和詞性,1題為動(dòng)詞,因?yàn)樵摼錈o(wú)謂語(yǔ),意思是帶來(lái)或給,所以填brought或gave, 2題為動(dòng)詞,由于該句是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),意思是被修理,填mended或fixed或repaired, 3題為動(dòng)詞,由空前主語(yǔ)和空后的動(dòng)詞不定式?jīng)Q定,根據(jù)下文判斷意思是忘記,填forgot, 4題為介詞,由語(yǔ)境決定的,意思是在座位旁邊,填beside或near, 5題為動(dòng)詞,意思是拾起,恰好是詞組pick up,故事發(fā)生在過(guò)去,所以填picked, 6題為動(dòng)詞,由于句子是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),填stopped, 7題為名詞性物主代詞,由于句子是主系表結(jié)構(gòu),意思是我的,填mine, 8題為代詞,由后面的of結(jié)構(gòu)決定的,指每一把或者說(shuō)全部,用each或者all, 9題為形容詞,由于它修飾的是名詞,指相同的,用same, 10題為形容詞,由于它修飾的是名詞,指幸運(yùn)的或好的,用lucky或者good 。 在完成大部分空的情況下,再通讀全文,完成其中較難的空,例如其中的3題和8題。我們做短文填空容易犯錯(cuò)是由于填空時(shí)只考慮了單個(gè)的句子,而沒(méi)有注重根據(jù)上下文提供的信息去仔細(xì)的推敲,有時(shí)全文都理解得不錯(cuò),但卻沒(méi)有注意到單詞的詞性變化,動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)變化等導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤。
因此,我們?cè)谄綍r(shí)就要注意培養(yǎng)短文填空的能力。平時(shí)要多聽(tīng)、多讀、多練來(lái)培養(yǎng)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)感,注重語(yǔ)言的綜合應(yīng)用能力的訓(xùn)練,增強(qiáng)自己的邏輯推理能力,尤其要不斷地提高在一定的語(yǔ)境下綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力。這樣,就不難解答短文填空題了。
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短文填空題應(yīng)對(duì)方略
一、題型特征
短文填空是近年來(lái)許多省市英語(yǔ)中考中普遍采用的一種測(cè)試題型。它所涉及的知識(shí)面廣,靈活性高,綜合性也很強(qiáng)。它主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)知識(shí)應(yīng)用的熟練程度,對(duì)語(yǔ)言的遷移能力和對(duì)語(yǔ)言信息的綜合處理能力,反映出學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)素質(zhì)。該題型一般是在一篇短文中留出10個(gè)空白處,根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容以及上下文的意思,在空白處填入意思、語(yǔ)法都正確的單詞,一空只能填一詞。由于沒(méi)有選項(xiàng)的提示,因此它比完形填空的難度要大得多。短文填空是近年來(lái)重慶市中考英語(yǔ)試題中難度最大,區(qū)分度最高的題型。短文的題材很廣泛,有故事、文化習(xí)俗、科普小品、體育等。考試一般都選取學(xué)生比較熟悉的材料,常考查《大綱》范圍內(nèi)的動(dòng)詞、介詞、形容詞和副詞的級(jí)、名詞的數(shù)、習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)的搭配等。
二、解題技巧
其解題方法是:第一遍通讀全文,對(duì)文章內(nèi)容有個(gè)整體的認(rèn)識(shí),了解大意;第二遍通讀全文,根據(jù)上下文的內(nèi)容來(lái)確定所需詞的詞義,再根據(jù)語(yǔ)法以及整體邏輯關(guān)系,了解所需詞的詞性,填入大部分所需詞匯;第三遍通讀全文,對(duì)于很難找到恰當(dāng)詞的空白處,不能只看該空的那一個(gè)句子,而是要根據(jù)上下文的提示,根據(jù)全文大意,并結(jié)合英美人的習(xí)慣表達(dá),來(lái)確定這些少數(shù)未填入的詞匯;最后是復(fù)查答案,將短文再完整的讀一遍,檢查全文是否通順,上下文是否意思連貫,形式是否正確。
例題
Mr Brown had an umbrella shop in a small town. People sometimes 1 him broken umbrellas, and then he took them to a big shop in London. They were 2 there.
One day Mr Brown went to London by train. He 3 to take an umbrella with him that day. Sitting in front of him was a man with an umbrella standing 4 the seat. When the train arrived in London, Mr Brown 5 up the umbrella as he often did during his journey by train. Just as he was getting off, he was 6 by the man. He said angrily, Thats 7 ! Mr Brown s face turned red and he gave it back to the man at once.
When Mr Brown got to the big shop, the shopkeeper had got his six umbrellas ready. After a good look at 8 of them, he said, Youve mended them very well.
In the afternoon he got into the train again. The 9 man was in the same seat. He looked at Mr Brown and his six umbrellas, Youve had a 10 day, he said.
解析
這是一篇傘店老板Mr Brown在火車上發(fā)生的故事,是敘述類文章。所填的詞匯都是《大綱》范圍內(nèi)要求的常規(guī)詞匯,因此難度不是很大。學(xué)生應(yīng)在短文語(yǔ)境中對(duì)有用的信息進(jìn)行推敲,結(jié)合整篇文章的內(nèi)容,確定所需詞匯。通讀全文,了解大意。再讀全文,確定所需詞的詞義和詞性,1題為動(dòng)詞,因?yàn)樵摼錈o(wú)謂語(yǔ),意思是帶來(lái)或給,所以填brought或gave, 2題為動(dòng)詞,由于該句是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),意思是被修理,填mended或fixed或repaired, 3題為動(dòng)詞,由空前主語(yǔ)和空后的動(dòng)詞不定式?jīng)Q定,根據(jù)下文判斷意思是忘記,填forgot, 4題為介詞,由語(yǔ)境決定的,意思是在座位旁邊,填beside或near, 5題為動(dòng)詞,意思是拾起,恰好是詞組pick up,故事發(fā)生在過(guò)去,所以填picked, 6題為動(dòng)詞,由于句子是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),填stopped, 7題為名詞性物主代詞,由于句子是主系表結(jié)構(gòu),意思是我的,填mine, 8題為代詞,由后面的of結(jié)構(gòu)決定的,指每一把或者說(shuō)全部,用each或者all, 9題為形容詞,由于它修飾的是名詞,指相同的,用same, 10題為形容詞,由于它修飾的是名詞,指幸運(yùn)的或好的,用lucky或者good 。 在完成大部分空的情況下,再通讀全文,完成其中較難的空,例如其中的3題和8題。我們做短文填空容易犯錯(cuò)是由于填空時(shí)只考慮了單個(gè)的句子,而沒(méi)有注重根據(jù)上下文提供的信息去仔細(xì)的推敲,有時(shí)全文都理解得不錯(cuò),但卻沒(méi)有注意到單詞的詞性變化,動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)變化等導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤。
因此,我們?cè)谄綍r(shí)就要注意培養(yǎng)短文填空的能力。平時(shí)要多聽(tīng)、多讀、多練來(lái)培養(yǎng)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)感,注重語(yǔ)言的綜合應(yīng)用能力的訓(xùn)練,增強(qiáng)自己的邏輯推理能力,尤其要不斷地提高在一定的語(yǔ)境下綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力。這樣,就不難解答短文填空題了。
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