中考英語復習 名詞考點集匯，講解和訓練
一、名詞
【考點直擊】
1．可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的用法；
2．名詞所有格的構(gòu)成及用法；
3．近義名詞的辨析。
【名師點睛】
一、名詞的數(shù)
1．單數(shù)和復數(shù)
可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復數(shù)兩種形式。復數(shù)形式通常是在單數(shù)形式后加詞尾-s構(gòu)成，其主要變法如下：
（1）一般情況在詞尾加-s，例如：bookbooks，girlgirls，boyboys，penpens,doctordoctors, boyboys。
（2）以s，x，ch，sh，結(jié)尾的詞加-es，例如：busbuses，classclasses，boxboxes，watchwatches，brushbrushes。
（3）以ce, se, ze,（d）ge結(jié)尾的名詞加s，例如：orange-oranges。
（4）以輔音母加y結(jié)尾的詞變y為i再加-es,例如：citycities, factoryfactories, countrycountries, familyfamilies。但要注意的是以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞的復數(shù)形式只加s，如：boyboys, daydays。
（5）以o結(jié)尾的詞多數(shù)都加-es。例如:heroheroes，potatopotatoes，tomatotomatoes,但詞末為兩個元音字母的詞只加-s。例如：zoozoos，radioradios，還有某些外來詞也只加-s，例如：photophotos，pianopianos。
（6）以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞，多數(shù)變f為v再加-es，例如：knifeknives，leafleaves, halfhalves。
復數(shù)詞尾s（或es）的讀音方法如下表所示。
復數(shù)詞尾s（或es）的讀音方法
（7）少數(shù)名詞有不規(guī)則的復數(shù)形式，例如：manmen，womanwomen，toothteeth，footfeet，childchildren，mousemice。
【注意】與man和woman構(gòu)成的合成詞，其復數(shù)形式也是-men和-women。例如：an Englishman，two Englishmen。但German不是合成詞，故復數(shù)形式為 Germans；man, woman等作定語時，它的單復數(shù)以其所修飾的名詞的單復數(shù)而定，如：men workers， women teachers。
有個別名詞單復數(shù)一樣，例如：Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish等。但當fish表示不同種類的魚時，可以加復數(shù)詞尾。
（8）單數(shù)形式但其意為復數(shù)的名詞有：people, police等。
（9）數(shù)詞+名詞作定語時，這個名詞一般保留單數(shù)形式，中間加連字符。例如：ten-minutes' walk, an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk。
（10）還有些名詞僅有復數(shù)形式，如：trousers，clothes，chopsticks，glasses，goods，ashes，scissors，compasses。
（11）只用作單數(shù)的復數(shù)形式的名詞有：
科學名詞：physics, mathematics/maths
游戲名稱：bowls
專有名詞：the United States, Niagara Falls
其他名詞：news, falls
2．不可數(shù)名詞量的表示方法
在英語中，不可數(shù)名詞如果要表示量的概念，可以用以下兩種方法：
（1）用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少，例如：
The rich man has a lot of money．
There is some milk in the bottle．
Is there any water in the glass？
I don't like winter because there's too much snow and ice．
（2）用a piece of 這類定語，例如：
a piece of paper a piece of wood a piece of bread
a bottle of orange a glass of water（milk） a cup of tea
a cup of tea a bag of rice three bags of rice
如果要表示兩杯茶、四張紙這類概念時，在容器后加復數(shù)，例如：
two cups of tea
four pieces of paper
three glasses of water
不可數(shù)名詞也可用a lot of, lots of, some, any, much等來修飾。
第二頁：二、名詞的所有格
第三頁：【實例解析】
第四頁：【中考演練】
第五頁：【練習答案】
二、名詞的所有格
名詞所有格，用來表示人或物的所有，以及領(lǐng)屬關(guān)系。
1. 表示有生命的名詞的所有格其單數(shù)形式是加 's,其復數(shù)形式是s'，例如：a student's room, students' rooms, father's shoes。
2. 如其結(jié)尾不是s的復數(shù)形式仍加 's，如：Children's Day。
3. 在表示時間、距離、長度、重量、價格、世界、國家等名詞的所有格要用 's，例如：a twenty minutes' walk，ten miles' journey，a boat's length，two pounds' weight, ten dollars' worth。
4. 無生命名詞的所有格則必須用of結(jié)構(gòu)，例如：a map of China，the end of this term，the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。
5. 雙重所有格，例如：a friend of my father's。
【注意】
如果兩個名詞并列，并且分別有 's，則表示分別有，例如：John's and Mary's rooms（約翰和瑪麗各有一間，共兩間）；Tom's and Mary's bikes（兩人各自的自行車）。
兩個名詞并列，只有一個's，則表示共有，例如：John and Mary's room（約翰和瑪麗共有一間）；Tom and Mary's mother（即Tom與Mary是兄妹）。
第一頁：【考點直擊】
第三頁：【實例解析】
第四頁：【中考演練】
第五頁：【練習答案】
【實例解析】
1.（2004年上海徐匯區(qū)中考試題）
These _________ have saved many children's lives.
A. woman doctors B. women doctor
C. women doctors D. woman doctor
答案：C。該題考查的是名詞作定語時的變化。woman 作定語時要和被修飾的名詞保持數(shù)的一致。
2. (2004年河北省中考試題)
This is _________ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much.
A. Anne and Jane B. Anne's and Jane's
C. Anne's and Jane D. Anne and Jane's
答案：D。該題考查的是并列名詞的所有格。兩人共有一個房間時，只在后面的名詞后加's。
3. (2004年吉林省中考試題)
---Are there any ________ on the farm?
---Yes, there are some.
A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep
答案：D。該題考查的是特殊名詞的復數(shù)形式。從謂語動詞來判斷，主語應該是復數(shù)名詞。只有sheep可用作復數(shù)名詞。
4. (2004年佛山市中考試題)
---What would you like to drink, ________ or orange?
---Orange, please.
A. hamburger B. chip C. tea
答案：C。該題考查的是名詞的類別。三種東西中只有tea能喝。
第一頁：【考點直擊】
第二頁：二、名詞的所有格
第四頁：【中考演練】
第五頁：【練習答案】
【中考演練】
一. 單項填空
1．--- Where have you been, Tim?
--- I've been to ______.
A. the Henry house B. the Henry family
C. The Henry's home D. Henry's
2．In England, if ____ is in the middle of the day, the evening meal is called supper.
A. food B. lunch C. breakfast D. dinner
3．You looked for it twice, but you haven't found it. Why not try ____ .
A. three times B. a third time C. the third time D. once
4．--- They are thirsty. Will you please give them ______ ?
--- Certainly.
A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of water
C. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters
5．Mike hurt one of his ______ in the accident yesterday.
A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear
6．There is some _______ on the plate.
A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears
7．In England, the last name is the _______ .
A. family name B. middle C. given name D. full name
8．The are going to fly _______ to Beijing.
A. Germen B. Germany C. Germanys D. Germans
9．The______ has two _______ .
A. boys; watches B. boy; watch C. boy; watches D. boys; watch
10．The little baby has two _______ already.
A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths
11．What's your _______ for being late again?
A. idea B. key C. excuse D. news
12．--- It's dangerous here. We'd better go out quickly.
--- But I think we should let _______ go out first.
A. woman and children B. women and child
C. woman and child D. women and children
13．--- You can see Mr. Smith if there is a sign _______ on the door of his shop.
--- Thanks.
A.ENTRANCE B.BUSINESS HOURS
C.THIS SIDE UP D.NO SMOKING
14．Are they going to have a picnic on _______ ?
A. Children's Day B. Childrens's Day
C. Childrens Day D. Children Day
15．Where are the students? Are they in _______ ?
A. the Room 406 B. Room 406 C. the 406 Room D. 406 Room
二. 根據(jù)下列句子的情景及所給漢語注釋，寫出所缺單詞。
1. We've got a lot of new ________(雜志) in our school library.
2. Please turn to another _______（頻道）, I don't like this show.
3. Yesterday the _________(航班) to London was put off because of the bad weather.
.4. Autumn is my favourite (季節(jié))
5. ---How many _______(小刀) do you have?
---Three.
6. __________ are widely used in the modern world.
7. June 1st is __________(兒童) Day.
8. Mary, would you please tell me your new ________(地址) so that I can write to you.
9. ---Does this piece of ______(音樂) sound nice?
---Yes. It's wonderful!
10. May 12th is the International _______(護士) Day. Let's say Thanks to them for their work.
三. 根據(jù)句意和所給首字母寫出所缺的單詞。
1. What's your n_______?
Li Lei.
2. How many d_______ does your uncle have?
3. Please close the w______. It's cold outside.
4. If you want study English well, you must pay attention to your p________.
5. A computer is one of the greatest i_________ in the world.
6. Zhang Hui is very excited. He will go to Japan with his p_______ during the Spring Festival.
7. At the a______ of seven, the lonely girl had to work to make living.
8. It's only about an h_____ flight from Qingdao to Beijing by air.
9. Health is more important to me than m_______.
10. Be careful! It's d__________ to run across the street now.
第一頁：【考點直擊】
第二頁：二、名詞的所有格
第三頁：【實例解析】
第四頁：【中考演練】
第五頁：【練習答案】
【練習答案】
一．1.D 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.C 11.C 12.D 13.B 14.A 15.B
二．1.magazines 2.Channel 3. flight 4.season 5. knives 6. Computers 7. Children's 8. address 9. music 10. Nurses'
三．1.name 2.daughters 3. window 4. pronunciation 5. inventions 6.parents 7. age 8. hour's 9. money 10. dangerous
第一頁：【考點直擊】
第二頁：二、名詞的所有格
第三頁：【實例解析】
第四頁：【中考演練】
第五頁：【練習答案】
一、名詞
【考點直擊】
1．可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的用法；
2．名詞所有格的構(gòu)成及用法；
3．近義名詞的辨析。
【名師點睛】
一、名詞的數(shù)
1．單數(shù)和復數(shù)
可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復數(shù)兩種形式。復數(shù)形式通常是在單數(shù)形式后加詞尾-s構(gòu)成，其主要變法如下：
（1）一般情況在詞尾加-s，例如：bookbooks，girlgirls，boyboys，penpens,doctordoctors, boyboys。
（2）以s，x，ch，sh，結(jié)尾的詞加-es，例如：busbuses，classclasses，boxboxes，watchwatches，brushbrushes。
（3）以ce, se, ze,（d）ge結(jié)尾的名詞加s，例如：orange-oranges。
（4）以輔音母加y結(jié)尾的詞變y為i再加-es,例如：citycities, factoryfactories, countrycountries, familyfamilies。但要注意的是以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞的復數(shù)形式只加s，如：boyboys, daydays。
（5）以o結(jié)尾的詞多數(shù)都加-es。例如:heroheroes，potatopotatoes，tomatotomatoes,但詞末為兩個元音字母的詞只加-s。例如：zoozoos，radioradios，還有某些外來詞也只加-s，例如：photophotos，pianopianos。
（6）以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞，多數(shù)變f為v再加-es，例如：knifeknives，leafleaves, halfhalves。
復數(shù)詞尾s（或es）的讀音方法如下表所示。
復數(shù)詞尾s（或es）的讀音方法
（7）少數(shù)名詞有不規(guī)則的復數(shù)形式，例如：manmen，womanwomen，toothteeth，footfeet，childchildren，mousemice。
【注意】與man和woman構(gòu)成的合成詞，其復數(shù)形式也是-men和-women。例如：an Englishman，two Englishmen。但German不是合成詞，故復數(shù)形式為 Germans；man, woman等作定語時，它的單復數(shù)以其所修飾的名詞的單復數(shù)而定，如：men workers， women teachers。
有個別名詞單復數(shù)一樣，例如：Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish等。但當fish表示不同種類的魚時，可以加復數(shù)詞尾。
（8）單數(shù)形式但其意為復數(shù)的名詞有：people, police等。
（9）數(shù)詞+名詞作定語時，這個名詞一般保留單數(shù)形式，中間加連字符。例如：ten-minutes' walk, an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk。
（10）還有些名詞僅有復數(shù)形式，如：trousers，clothes，chopsticks，glasses，goods，ashes，scissors，compasses。
（11）只用作單數(shù)的復數(shù)形式的名詞有：
科學名詞：physics, mathematics/maths
游戲名稱：bowls
專有名詞：the United States, Niagara Falls
其他名詞：news, falls
2．不可數(shù)名詞量的表示方法
在英語中，不可數(shù)名詞如果要表示量的概念，可以用以下兩種方法：
（1）用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少，例如：
The rich man has a lot of money．
There is some milk in the bottle．
Is there any water in the glass？
I don't like winter because there's too much snow and ice．
（2）用a piece of 這類定語，例如：
a piece of paper a piece of wood a piece of bread
a bottle of orange a glass of water（milk） a cup of tea
a cup of tea a bag of rice three bags of rice
如果要表示兩杯茶、四張紙這類概念時，在容器后加復數(shù)，例如：
two cups of tea
four pieces of paper
three glasses of water
不可數(shù)名詞也可用a lot of, lots of, some, any, much等來修飾。
第二頁：二、名詞的所有格
第三頁：【實例解析】
第四頁：【中考演練】
第五頁：【練習答案】
二、名詞的所有格
名詞所有格，用來表示人或物的所有，以及領(lǐng)屬關(guān)系。
1. 表示有生命的名詞的所有格其單數(shù)形式是加 's,其復數(shù)形式是s'，例如：a student's room, students' rooms, father's shoes。
2. 如其結(jié)尾不是s的復數(shù)形式仍加 's，如：Children's Day。
3. 在表示時間、距離、長度、重量、價格、世界、國家等名詞的所有格要用 's，例如：a twenty minutes' walk，ten miles' journey，a boat's length，two pounds' weight, ten dollars' worth。
4. 無生命名詞的所有格則必須用of結(jié)構(gòu)，例如：a map of China，the end of this term，the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。
5. 雙重所有格，例如：a friend of my father's。
【注意】
如果兩個名詞并列，并且分別有 's，則表示分別有，例如：John's and Mary's rooms（約翰和瑪麗各有一間，共兩間）；Tom's and Mary's bikes（兩人各自的自行車）。
兩個名詞并列，只有一個's，則表示共有，例如：John and Mary's room（約翰和瑪麗共有一間）；Tom and Mary's mother（即Tom與Mary是兄妹）。
第一頁：【考點直擊】
第三頁：【實例解析】
第四頁：【中考演練】
第五頁：【練習答案】
【實例解析】
1.（2004年上海徐匯區(qū)中考試題）
These _________ have saved many children's lives.
A. woman doctors B. women doctor
C. women doctors D. woman doctor
答案：C。該題考查的是名詞作定語時的變化。woman 作定語時要和被修飾的名詞保持數(shù)的一致。
2. (2004年河北省中考試題)
This is _________ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much.
A. Anne and Jane B. Anne's and Jane's
C. Anne's and Jane D. Anne and Jane's
答案：D。該題考查的是并列名詞的所有格。兩人共有一個房間時，只在后面的名詞后加's。
3. (2004年吉林省中考試題)
---Are there any ________ on the farm?
---Yes, there are some.
A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep
答案：D。該題考查的是特殊名詞的復數(shù)形式。從謂語動詞來判斷，主語應該是復數(shù)名詞。只有sheep可用作復數(shù)名詞。
4. (2004年佛山市中考試題)
---What would you like to drink, ________ or orange?
---Orange, please.
A. hamburger B. chip C. tea
答案：C。該題考查的是名詞的類別。三種東西中只有tea能喝。
第一頁：【考點直擊】
第二頁：二、名詞的所有格
第四頁：【中考演練】
第五頁：【練習答案】
【中考演練】
一. 單項填空
1．--- Where have you been, Tim?
--- I've been to ______.
A. the Henry house B. the Henry family
C. The Henry's home D. Henry's
2．In England, if ____ is in the middle of the day, the evening meal is called supper.
A. food B. lunch C. breakfast D. dinner
3．You looked for it twice, but you haven't found it. Why not try ____ .
A. three times B. a third time C. the third time D. once
4．--- They are thirsty. Will you please give them ______ ?
--- Certainly.
A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of water
C. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters
5．Mike hurt one of his ______ in the accident yesterday.
A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear
6．There is some _______ on the plate.
A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears
7．In England, the last name is the _______ .
A. family name B. middle C. given name D. full name
8．The are going to fly _______ to Beijing.
A. Germen B. Germany C. Germanys D. Germans
9．The______ has two _______ .
A. boys; watches B. boy; watch C. boy; watches D. boys; watch
10．The little baby has two _______ already.
A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths
11．What's your _______ for being late again?
A. idea B. key C. excuse D. news
12．--- It's dangerous here. We'd better go out quickly.
--- But I think we should let _______ go out first.
A. woman and children B. women and child
C. woman and child D. women and children
13．--- You can see Mr. Smith if there is a sign _______ on the door of his shop.
--- Thanks.
A.ENTRANCE B.BUSINESS HOURS
C.THIS SIDE UP D.NO SMOKING
14．Are they going to have a picnic on _______ ?
A. Children's Day B. Childrens's Day
C. Childrens Day D. Children Day
15．Where are the students? Are they in _______ ?
A. the Room 406 B. Room 406 C. the 406 Room D. 406 Room
二. 根據(jù)下列句子的情景及所給漢語注釋，寫出所缺單詞。
1. We've got a lot of new ________(雜志) in our school library.
2. Please turn to another _______（頻道）, I don't like this show.
3. Yesterday the _________(航班) to London was put off because of the bad weather.
.4. Autumn is my favourite (季節(jié))
5. ---How many _______(小刀) do you have?
---Three.
6. __________ are widely used in the modern world.
7. June 1st is __________(兒童) Day.
8. Mary, would you please tell me your new ________(地址) so that I can write to you.
9. ---Does this piece of ______(音樂) sound nice?
---Yes. It's wonderful!
10. May 12th is the International _______(護士) Day. Let's say Thanks to them for their work.
三. 根據(jù)句意和所給首字母寫出所缺的單詞。
1. What's your n_______?
Li Lei.
2. How many d_______ does your uncle have?
3. Please close the w______. It's cold outside.
4. If you want study English well, you must pay attention to your p________.
5. A computer is one of the greatest i_________ in the world.
6. Zhang Hui is very excited. He will go to Japan with his p_______ during the Spring Festival.
7. At the a______ of seven, the lonely girl had to work to make living.
8. It's only about an h_____ flight from Qingdao to Beijing by air.
9. Health is more important to me than m_______.
10. Be careful! It's d__________ to run across the street now.
第一頁：【考點直擊】
第二頁：二、名詞的所有格
第三頁：【實例解析】
第四頁：【中考演練】
第五頁：【練習答案】
【練習答案】
一．1.D 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.C 11.C 12.D 13.B 14.A 15.B
二．1.magazines 2.Channel 3. flight 4.season 5. knives 6. Computers 7. Children's 8. address 9. music 10. Nurses'
三．1.name 2.daughters 3. window 4. pronunciation 5. inventions 6.parents 7. age 8. hour's 9. money 10. dangerous
第一頁：【考點直擊】
第二頁：二、名詞的所有格
第三頁：【實例解析】
第四頁：【中考演練】
第五頁：【練習答案】
