4．it結(jié)構(gòu)的疑問(wèn)句 (1)這種強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問(wèn)句只需把is/was提前。 Was it you that broke the window? 是你把窗戶打破了嗎？ Is it Professor Wang who teaches you English? 是王教授教你們英語(yǔ)嗎？ (2)這種強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問(wèn)句，只需在一般疑問(wèn)句前加上疑問(wèn)詞就可。 Who was it that broke the window? 打破窗子的是誰(shuí)？ When was it that you called me yesterday? 你昨天是什么時(shí)候打電話給我的？ What is it that you want me to do? 你要我做的是什么？ How was it that you succeeded? 你是怎么成功的？

　　5．有時(shí)可用It might be … that … ，It must have been … that … 句型表示強(qiáng)調(diào) It might be his father that you’re thinking of. 你關(guān)心的可能是他父親。 It must have been his brother that you saw. 你看到的想必是他的兄弟。

　　6．在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中，that/whom可省略 Was it in Nanjing(that) you first met him? 你是在南京第一次碰到他的嗎？ It was my mother(whom) you saw the other day. 你幾天前見(jiàn)到的是我媽媽。

　　7．這一強(qiáng)調(diào)句型可用于原因狀語(yǔ)從句，當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ)從句是as，since引導(dǎo)時(shí)，應(yīng)改為because引導(dǎo)，但結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句、條件狀語(yǔ)從句、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句等不能用于這一強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 She missed the first bus since she got up late. →It was because she got up late that she missed the first bus.她因起晚了而誤了第一班車。

　　8．使用這一強(qiáng)調(diào)句型時(shí)，需注意否定轉(zhuǎn)移 Money

　　can’t buy everything. →It is not everything that money can buy. 錢不能買到一切。 He didn’t go to bed until twelve o’clock last night. →It was not until twelve o’clock last night that he went to bed.昨晚他12點(diǎn)才去睡覺(jué)。

　　9．用這一強(qiáng)調(diào)句型時(shí)，要注意以下幾點(diǎn) (1)不論強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的哪一部分，都可用that連接句子的其余部分。 (2)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時(shí)，可用who取代that。 (3)如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人，并且作后面句中的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，也可用whom代替who。 (4)that，who等常常被省略掉，特別是在口語(yǔ)中，在強(qiáng)調(diào)直接賓語(yǔ)或間接賓語(yǔ)、時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)。

　　(5)如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語(yǔ)為人稱代詞時(shí)，可用主格，也可用賓格形式。 (6)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分通常不能用不定代詞，除非其后還有定語(yǔ)。 (7)如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分在后面的句子中有定語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用whose引導(dǎo)后面的句子。 (8)在強(qiáng)調(diào)介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞常置于whom等之前(介詞＋whom)，但也可把介詞放在其賓語(yǔ)之前，或放在句末。

　　(9)如果強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語(yǔ)時(shí)，that或who之后的謂語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)要與被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語(yǔ)保持一致，但在口語(yǔ)中的個(gè)別情況下，也可能遇到與it一致的現(xiàn)象。 (10)it之后的be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)通常要與that之后的謂語(yǔ)呼應(yīng)或一致。 (11)這一句型通常不能用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)由since，as，why，although，whereas等引導(dǎo)的從句。 Ⅰ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換 1．I am enthusiastic about playing football now. It is ______ who/that am enthusiastic about playing football now. It is ________ ________ that I am enthusiastic about now. It is ________ that I am enthusiastic about playing football. 【答案】I；playing football；now

　　2．He succeeded in conducting the experiment under his teacher’s instructions. It was ________ ________ ________ ________ that he succeeded in conducting the experiment. 【答案】under his teacher’s instructions

　　3．While watching the football game，they kept shouting at the top of their voices. It was ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ that they kept shouting at the top of their voices. 【答案】while watching the football game

　　4．What the professor said had a great effect on us. It was ________ ________ ________ ________ that had a great effect on us. 【答案】what the professor said

　　Ⅱ.對(duì)畫(huà)線部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào) 1．Elizabeth first met Mr.Smith in New Zealand. 【答案】It was in New Zealand that Elizabeth first met Mr.Smith. 2．Mark Twain spent much of his childhood along the Mississippi River. 【答案】It was along the Mississippi River that Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.

　　3．Only when I reread his poems recently，I began to appreciate their beauty. 【答案】It was only when I reread his poems recently that I began to appreciate their beauty. 4．Not who is right but what is right is of importance. 【答案】It is not who is right but what is right that is of importance.

　　5．I didn’t find we had a lot in common until we had stayed together for a couple of weeks. 【答案】It was not until we had stayed together for a couple of weeks that I found we had a lot in common. 6．Because he was seriously ill，he didn’t come to school yesterday. 【答案】It was because he was seriously ill that he didn’t come to school yesterday.

　　Ⅲ.對(duì)畫(huà)線部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào) 1．Did he work where his father had studied? 【答案】Was it he who/that worked where his father had studied? Was it where his father had studied that he worked? 2．My mother met Tom in the street yesterday. 【答案】It was in the street that my mother met Tom yesterday.

　　3．He did not realize his mistakes until the plan was completely ruined. 【答案】It was not until the plan was completely ruined that he realized his mistakes. 4．I can’t quite remember when you started doing the work. 【答案】I can’t quite remember when it was that you started doing the work.

　　Ⅳ.根據(jù)提示翻譯句子 1．正在打電話的是張教授。(強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)) 【答案】It is Professor Zhang who is talking on the phone. 2．病人需要的是更好的食物和更多的陽(yáng)光。(強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)) 【答案】It is better food and more sunshine that the patient needs.

　　3．奧林匹克競(jìng)賽是從什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始的？(強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)) 【答案】When was it that the Olympic competition started? 4．第二十九屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)在中國(guó)舉行。(強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)) 【答案】It is in China that the 29th Olympic Games are held. 讀寫(xiě)任務(wù)(四) 說(shuō)明文的概括 一、說(shuō)明文概括的寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo) 【例3】　請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下的任務(wù)說(shuō)明和寫(xiě)作要求，寫(xiě)一篇150詞左右的英語(yǔ)短文。 【閱讀材料】 Which is an effective way for study? There is a growing debate about the most effective way for students to study.Traditionally studying alone was thought to be the best way to ensure good exam results.When studying alone，you can focus your mind better than when you are with others.You also have the freedom to choose what topic to study and when，as you don’t need the agreement of others.Students that prefer to study alone often say that when they study with their classmates they waste a lot of time because the discussion is often about non-study topics such as television or holidays. In the last few years，however，more and more students have started studying in groups.There are several reasons many students prefer this methods.First，they find that studying is more fun as they can share the experience with others rather than staying in their rooms.In groups，they can discuss the subject together and when something is not understood they can ask each other questions.They can use the knowledge of their classmates to help their classmates to help improve their own knowledge.Finally by discussing the topic they are able to both understand and remember it better.

　　文章客觀的語(yǔ)氣與它所采用的對(duì)比寫(xiě)作方法都證明了它是說(shuō)明文。文章客觀地對(duì)比了兩種學(xué)習(xí)方式的利弊，但是沒(méi)有主觀地把其中一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)強(qiáng)加給讀者，因?yàn)樽髡弑救藳](méi)有表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)。兩個(gè)觀點(diǎn)的論據(jù)已經(jīng)畫(huà)線，由于內(nèi)容比較散亂，我們要濃縮一下。我們首先分析一下學(xué)生的樣本，看看存在什么問(wèn)題，如何改進(jìn)。 學(xué)生樣本1 This article talks about whether to study alone or study in groups.Both studying alone and studying in groups are having advantages and disadvantages of their own. 學(xué)生樣本2 This paper discusses two ideas about how to study.On one hand，some students like studying alone，because they can use their time better.On the other hand，students like studying in groups because they can communicate with each other. 我們寫(xiě)說(shuō)明文概括的時(shí)候，主題句最好瞄準(zhǔn)說(shuō)明的對(duì)象來(lái)突出寫(xiě)作目的，支撐句則說(shuō)明對(duì)象有的特征補(bǔ)充被說(shuō)明的對(duì)象。 兩個(gè)樣本的主題句都扣題，但不夠深入，文章是主要比較了兩種方法的好處。樣本1與樣本2的主題句差不多，但是它的支撐句太虛弱，沒(méi)有說(shuō)明各自的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。因?yàn)椤?… advantages and disadvantages of their own”過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)單，沒(méi)有具體的內(nèi)容。相反，樣本2各自列舉了“use their time better”和“ … communicate with each other”，雖然不夠準(zhǔn)確，但是給了我們具體的內(nèi)容，這是它的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。因此，樣本1可以評(píng)2分，樣本2可以評(píng)4分(5滿分)。 【答案】 主題句——瞄準(zhǔn)說(shuō)明的對(duì)象 The article compares the benefits of studying alone with those of studying in groups. 支撐句——說(shuō)明對(duì)象的特征 Studying alone allows students to remain focuses and avoid interruption，while group study creates a more enjoyable learning environment. Period 3　Grammar it用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句式 “It is/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who＋句子的其余部分”結(jié)構(gòu)

　　it的用法(Ⅱ)

　　1．it結(jié)構(gòu)概述 it用在強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的某一成分(通常為主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ))。 My mother met Tom in the street yesterday. →It was in the street that my mother met Tom. 我母親就是在大街上遇到了湯姆。 2．it結(jié)構(gòu)在句中的應(yīng)用 (1)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ) It’s only I who am willing to go to the cinema. 想去看電影的只有我。 (2)強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ) It was her that I met yesterday. 我昨天見(jiàn)到的是她。 (3)強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ) It was because her mother was ill that she didn’t go to work.是因?yàn)槟赣H病了她才沒(méi)有去上班。

　　3．it結(jié)構(gòu)的否定句 It was not for several years that I had an opportunity of seeing him again.(＝I did not have an opportunity of seeing him again for several years.) 我有好幾年沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)再見(jiàn)到他了。

　　二、寫(xiě)作練筆

　　完成對(duì)例題3 Which is an effective way for study？的概括。

　　主題句——瞄準(zhǔn)說(shuō)明的對(duì)象

　　支撐句——說(shuō)明對(duì)象的特征

　　4．it結(jié)構(gòu)的疑問(wèn)句 (1)這種強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問(wèn)句只需把is/was提前。 Was it you that broke the window? 是你把窗戶打破了嗎？ Is it Professor Wang who teaches you English? 是王教授教你們英語(yǔ)嗎？ (2)這種強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問(wèn)句，只需在一般疑問(wèn)句前加上疑問(wèn)詞就可。 Who was it that broke the window? 打破窗子的是誰(shuí)？ When was it that you called me yesterday? 你昨天是什么時(shí)候打電話給我的？ What is it that you want me to do? 你要我做的是什么？ How was it that you succeeded? 你是怎么成功的？

　　5．有時(shí)可用It might be … that … ，It must have been … that … 句型表示強(qiáng)調(diào) It might be his father that you’re thinking of. 你關(guān)心的可能是他父親。 It must have been his brother that you saw. 你看到的想必是他的兄弟。

　　6．在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中，that/whom可省略 Was it in Nanjing(that) you first met him? 你是在南京第一次碰到他的嗎？ It was my mother(whom) you saw the other day. 你幾天前見(jiàn)到的是我媽媽。

　　7．這一強(qiáng)調(diào)句型可用于原因狀語(yǔ)從句，當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ)從句是as，since引導(dǎo)時(shí)，應(yīng)改為because引導(dǎo)，但結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句、條件狀語(yǔ)從句、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句等不能用于這一強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 She missed the first bus since she got up late. →It was because she got up late that she missed the first bus.她因起晚了而誤了第一班車。

　　8．使用這一強(qiáng)調(diào)句型時(shí)，需注意否定轉(zhuǎn)移 Money

　　can’t buy everything. →It is not everything that money can buy. 錢不能買到一切。 He didn’t go to bed until twelve o’clock last night. →It was not until twelve o’clock last night that he went to bed.昨晚他12點(diǎn)才去睡覺(jué)。

　　9．用這一強(qiáng)調(diào)句型時(shí)，要注意以下幾點(diǎn) (1)不論強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的哪一部分，都可用that連接句子的其余部分。 (2)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時(shí)，可用who取代that。 (3)如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人，并且作后面句中的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，也可用whom代替who。 (4)that，who等常常被省略掉，特別是在口語(yǔ)中，在強(qiáng)調(diào)直接賓語(yǔ)或間接賓語(yǔ)、時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)。

　　(5)如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語(yǔ)為人稱代詞時(shí)，可用主格，也可用賓格形式。 (6)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分通常不能用不定代詞，除非其后還有定語(yǔ)。 (7)如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分在后面的句子中有定語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用whose引導(dǎo)后面的句子。 (8)在強(qiáng)調(diào)介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞常置于whom等之前(介詞＋whom)，但也可把介詞放在其賓語(yǔ)之前，或放在句末。

　　(9)如果強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語(yǔ)時(shí)，that或who之后的謂語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)要與被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語(yǔ)保持一致，但在口語(yǔ)中的個(gè)別情況下，也可能遇到與it一致的現(xiàn)象。 (10)it之后的be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)通常要與that之后的謂語(yǔ)呼應(yīng)或一致。 (11)這一句型通常不能用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)由since，as，why，although，whereas等引導(dǎo)的從句。 Ⅰ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換 1．I am enthusiastic about playing football now. It is ______ who/that am enthusiastic about playing football now. It is ________ ________ that I am enthusiastic about now. It is ________ that I am enthusiastic about playing football. 【答案】I；playing football；now

　　2．He succeeded in conducting the experiment under his teacher’s instructions. It was ________ ________ ________ ________ that he succeeded in conducting the experiment. 【答案】under his teacher’s instructions

　　3．While watching the football game，they kept shouting at the top of their voices. It was ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ that they kept shouting at the top of their voices. 【答案】while watching the football game

　　4．What the professor said had a great effect on us. It was ________ ________ ________ ________ that had a great effect on us. 【答案】what the professor said

　　Ⅱ.對(duì)畫(huà)線部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào) 1．Elizabeth first met Mr.Smith in New Zealand. 【答案】It was in New Zealand that Elizabeth first met Mr.Smith. 2．Mark Twain spent much of his childhood along the Mississippi River. 【答案】It was along the Mississippi River that Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.

　　3．Only when I reread his poems recently，I began to appreciate their beauty. 【答案】It was only when I reread his poems recently that I began to appreciate their beauty. 4．Not who is right but what is right is of importance. 【答案】It is not who is right but what is right that is of importance.

　　5．I didn’t find we had a lot in common until we had stayed together for a couple of weeks. 【答案】It was not until we had stayed together for a couple of weeks that I found we had a lot in common. 6．Because he was seriously ill，he didn’t come to school yesterday. 【答案】It was because he was seriously ill that he didn’t come to school yesterday.

　　Ⅲ.對(duì)畫(huà)線部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào) 1．Did he work where his father had studied? 【答案】Was it he who/that worked where his father had studied? Was it where his father had studied that he worked? 2．My mother met Tom in the street yesterday. 【答案】It was in the street that my mother met Tom yesterday.

　　3．He did not realize his mistakes until the plan was completely ruined. 【答案】It was not until the plan was completely ruined that he realized his mistakes. 4．I can’t quite remember when you started doing the work. 【答案】I can’t quite remember when it was that you started doing the work.

　　Ⅳ.根據(jù)提示翻譯句子 1．正在打電話的是張教授。(強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)) 【答案】It is Professor Zhang who is talking on the phone. 2．病人需要的是更好的食物和更多的陽(yáng)光。(強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)) 【答案】It is better food and more sunshine that the patient needs.

　　3．奧林匹克競(jìng)賽是從什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始的？(強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)) 【答案】When was it that the Olympic competition started? 4．第二十九屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)在中國(guó)舉行。(強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)) 【答案】It is in China that the 29th Olympic Games are held. 讀寫(xiě)任務(wù)(四) 說(shuō)明文的概括 一、說(shuō)明文概括的寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo) 【例3】　請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下的任務(wù)說(shuō)明和寫(xiě)作要求，寫(xiě)一篇150詞左右的英語(yǔ)短文。 【閱讀材料】 Which is an effective way for study? There is a growing debate about the most effective way for students to study.Traditionally studying alone was thought to be the best way to ensure good exam results.When studying alone，you can focus your mind better than when you are with others.You also have the freedom to choose what topic to study and when，as you don’t need the agreement of others.Students that prefer to study alone often say that when they study with their classmates they waste a lot of time because the discussion is often about non-study topics such as television or holidays. In the last few years，however，more and more students have started studying in groups.There are several reasons many students prefer this methods.First，they find that studying is more fun as they can share the experience with others rather than staying in their rooms.In groups，they can discuss the subject together and when something is not understood they can ask each other questions.They can use the knowledge of their classmates to help their classmates to help improve their own knowledge.Finally by discussing the topic they are able to both understand and remember it better.

　　文章客觀的語(yǔ)氣與它所采用的對(duì)比寫(xiě)作方法都證明了它是說(shuō)明文。文章客觀地對(duì)比了兩種學(xué)習(xí)方式的利弊，但是沒(méi)有主觀地把其中一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)強(qiáng)加給讀者，因?yàn)樽髡弑救藳](méi)有表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)。兩個(gè)觀點(diǎn)的論據(jù)已經(jīng)畫(huà)線，由于內(nèi)容比較散亂，我們要濃縮一下。我們首先分析一下學(xué)生的樣本，看看存在什么問(wèn)題，如何改進(jìn)。 學(xué)生樣本1 This article talks about whether to study alone or study in groups.Both studying alone and studying in groups are having advantages and disadvantages of their own. 學(xué)生樣本2 This paper discusses two ideas about how to study.On one hand，some students like studying alone，because they can use their time better.On the other hand，students like studying in groups because they can communicate with each other. 我們寫(xiě)說(shuō)明文概括的時(shí)候，主題句最好瞄準(zhǔn)說(shuō)明的對(duì)象來(lái)突出寫(xiě)作目的，支撐句則說(shuō)明對(duì)象有的特征補(bǔ)充被說(shuō)明的對(duì)象。 兩個(gè)樣本的主題句都扣題，但不夠深入，文章是主要比較了兩種方法的好處。樣本1與樣本2的主題句差不多，但是它的支撐句太虛弱，沒(méi)有說(shuō)明各自的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。因?yàn)椤?… advantages and disadvantages of their own”過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)單，沒(méi)有具體的內(nèi)容。相反，樣本2各自列舉了“use their time better”和“ … communicate with each other”，雖然不夠準(zhǔn)確，但是給了我們具體的內(nèi)容，這是它的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。因此，樣本1可以評(píng)2分，樣本2可以評(píng)4分(5滿分)。 【答案】 主題句——瞄準(zhǔn)說(shuō)明的對(duì)象 The article compares the benefits of studying alone with those of studying in groups. 支撐句——說(shuō)明對(duì)象的特征 Studying alone allows students to remain focuses and avoid interruption，while group study creates a more enjoyable learning environment. Period 3　Grammar it用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句式 “It is/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who＋句子的其余部分”結(jié)構(gòu)

　　it的用法(Ⅱ)

　　1．it結(jié)構(gòu)概述 it用在強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的某一成分(通常為主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ))。 My mother met Tom in the street yesterday. →It was in the street that my mother met Tom. 我母親就是在大街上遇到了湯姆。 2．it結(jié)構(gòu)在句中的應(yīng)用 (1)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ) It’s only I who am willing to go to the cinema. 想去看電影的只有我。 (2)強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ) It was her that I met yesterday. 我昨天見(jiàn)到的是她。 (3)強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ) It was because her mother was ill that she didn’t go to work.是因?yàn)槟赣H病了她才沒(méi)有去上班。

　　3．it結(jié)構(gòu)的否定句 It was not for several years that I had an opportunity of seeing him again.(＝I did not have an opportunity of seeing him again for several years.) 我有好幾年沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)再見(jiàn)到他了。

　　二、寫(xiě)作練筆

　　完成對(duì)例題3 Which is an effective way for study？的概括。

　　主題句——瞄準(zhǔn)說(shuō)明的對(duì)象

　　支撐句——說(shuō)明對(duì)象的特征