Module 5

　　Ⅰ.閱讀理解

　　A

　　(2024·南昌高三十校二模)

　　While most of us are happy to take the credit when things go well, few of us are willing to take the blame when things go wrong. Rather than trying to hide our shame or embarrassment, experts found that we are simply less aware when our actions result in a negative outcome.

　　The research may explain why we often feel it hard to take the blame for our actions. “Our result suggests that people may really experience less responsibility for negative than for positive outcomes，” said Patrick Haggard, leading researcher and professor of the institute of Cognitive Neuroscience at University College London.

　　In a series of tests, participants were asked to press a key. A sound then followed, either disapproving, neutral or approving, and they were then asked to estimate the time between the action and when they had heard the sound.

　　Researchers found that individuals experienced different levels of responsibility depending on the outcomes. They also discovered they were significantly slower to recognize if their actions had resulted in a bad consequence, compared to when they had done well.

　　“Effectively, we have found that we experience a negative outcome differently, not just retell it differently. We make a weaker connection when there is a bad result. And respond much more strongly when something good happens，” said Professor Haggard. When something goes right, everyone wants to take the credit, and when things go wrong, nobody is interested in putting their hands up.

　　The researchers say our brain is “very much concerned” with reward, as good results are key to survival. Although our own perception (認知) of whether we are guilty of something or not is changed by the outcomes, this does not provide a defense if we have done something wrong. “Our experience of our own responsibilities can be misleading and can be strongly colored by the outcomes of our actions，” said Professor Haggard. “We have to take responsibility for what we actually do, not just for how we experience things.”

　　語篇解讀：本文一篇研究報告，講述的是人們在事情進展順利時承擔責任而在事情變得更加糟糕時不愿意接受責備，研究者以研究結果來給人們進行了分析。

　　1．People who don't take the blame for their actions ________.

　　A．always try to hide their shame or embarrassment.

　　B．are only willing to take the credit when things go well

　　C．feel less responsible for negative than for positive outcomes

　　D．are less aware of what to do when a negative outcome happens

　　答案：C　推理判斷題。根據第二段提到“Our result suggests that people may really experience less responsibility for negative than for positive outcome”可知我們的結果顯示人們對于積極的結果比負面的結果更為負責，故選C項。

　　2．Which of the following statements is TRUE?

　　A．Our level of responsibility can be strongly affected by the outcomes of our actions.

　　B．When something bad happens, nobody is interested in dealing with the problem.

　　C．People were quicker to recognize if their actions had resulted in a bad consequence.

　　D．Participants were asked to count the time between pressing a key and hearing the sound.

　　答案：A　細節理解題。根據第四段提到“Researchers found that individuals experienced different levels of responsibility depending on the outcomes”研究發現個體所能承受的責任度取決于結果，故選A項。

　　3．How is the passage developed?

　　A．By giving examples. B．By quoting research findings.

　　C．By making comparison. D．By providing data.

　　答案：B　推理判斷題。根據第二段提到“The research may explain why we often feel it hard to take the blame for our actions”和第四段提到“Researchers found that individuals experienced different levels of responsibility depending on the outcomes”可知文章是引用研究結果來進行敘述的，故選B項。

　　4．According to the passage, a person who is concerned with reward is ________.

　　A．awkwardB．natural

　　C．absurd D．stubborn

　　答案：B　推理判斷題。根據最后一段提到“The researchers say our brain is “very much concerned” with reward, as good results are key to survival”研究表明我們的大腦會更關心回報，這是因為結果是幸存的關鍵，故選B項。

　　B

　　(2024·西安高三八校聯考)

　　When times get tough, we all look for ways to cut back. When we're hungry, we eat at home instead of going out. We take buses instead of taxis. And we wear our old designer jeans just a few months longer. With college expenses at all－time highs, high school students are eager to do anything to cut the cost of a university education.

　　One cost－cutting proposal is to allow college students to get a bachelor' s degree in three years instead of four. Educational institutions have been actively exploring ways to make the learning process more efficient. But there's a question: Would the quality of undergraduate(本科生)education suffer? Few US universities have formally approved a “three－year degree” model.

　　I doubt that mainstream North American colleges will carry out a three－year curriculum(課程) any time soon. For one thing, most universities already allow highly qualified students to graduate early by testing out of certain classes and obtaining a number of college credits(學分). In addition, at famous universities, the committee who determine which courses are required and which courses are electives are unlikely to suddenly “throw out” one quarter of the required credits. Professors will resist “diluting(稀釋)” the quality of the education they offer.

　　In my opinion, a quality four－year education is always superior to a quality three－year education. A college education requires sufficient time for a student to become skilled in their major and do coursework in fields outside their major. It is not a good idea to water down education, any more than it' s not a good idea to water down medicine. If we want to help students find their way through university, we should help them understand early on what knowledge and skills they need to have upon graduation. We should allow students to test out of as many courses as possible. We should give them a chance to earn money as interns(實習生)in meaningful part－time jobs that relate to their university studies, such as the five－year co－op program at Northeastern University.

　　語篇解讀：本文是議論文閱讀。作者主要論述了大學教育的“速成”問題和大學資格的問題，作者認為知識和技能需要時間去消化和提高，所以他不贊成大學教育的速成。

　　5．The first paragraph serves as a(n)________．

　　A．explanationB．comment

　　C．definition D．introduction

　　答案：D 　推理判斷題。A“解釋”；B“評論”；C“定義”；D“介紹”。通讀第一、二段可推斷第一段是介紹，引出主題。故選D。

　　6．In most US universities, ________.

　　A．college students are offered the co－op program

　　B．electives' credits make up one quarter of the required credits

　　C．all students are required to finish four－year education before graduation

　　D．some excellent students can graduate ahead of time

　　答案：D　細節理解題。根據文章第三段的“most universities already allow highly qualified students to graduate early by testing out of certain classes and obtaining a number of college credits(學分). In addition, at famous universities, the committee who determine which courses are required and which courses are electives are unlikely to suddenly “throw out” one quarter of the required credits”可知美國的著名大學允許優秀的學生提前畢業。故選D。

　　7．According to the passage, we can infer that ________.

　　A．the author is a professor of a famous university

　　B．the author thinks the cost of a university education is too high for people to afford

　　C．the author considers the university education quality very important

　　D．the author pays special attention to the all－round development of college students

　　答案：C　推理判斷題。根據文章的最后一段可知作者認為大學的資格教育很重要。故選C。

　　8．Which of the following can be the best title?

　　A．It' s time to shorten the learning process

　　B．Best learning takes place over time

　　C．University education should be watered down

　　D．College education calls for reform

　　答案：B　主旨大意題。A“到了縮短學習程序的時候了”；B“最好的學習需要時間保證”；C“大學教育需要稀釋”；D“大學教育需要改革”。通讀全文，并根據文章的最后一段可知作者認為大學的知識和技能需要時間的“發酵”。故選B。

　　Ⅱ.七選五

　　根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

　　(2024·山西省高三第三次四校聯考)

　　It's normal to wake briefly during the night. __1__ But if you're waking up during the night and having trouble falling back asleep, the following tips may help.

　　Stay out of your head. The key to getting back to sleep is continuing to prepare your body for sleep, so remain in bed in a relaxed position. Hard as it may be, try not to stress over the fact that you're awake, because that very stress and anxiety encourage your body to stay awake. __2__

　　__3__ If you are finding it hard to fall back asleep, try a relaxation technique such as visualization(想象), or deep breathing, which can be done without even getting out of bed. Remind yourself that although they're not a replacement for sleep, rest and relaxation still help refresh your body.

　　Do a quiet, non－stimulating activity. If you've been awake for more than 15 minutes, try getting out of bed and doing a quiet, non－stimulating activity, such as reading a book. Keep the lights dim so as not to think that it's time to wake up. __4__

　　A light snack might relax you, but be careful not to eat so much that your body begins to expect a meal at that time of the day.

　　__5__ If you wake during the night feeling anxious about something, make a brief note of it on paper and delay worrying about it until the next day when you are fresh and it will be easier to resolve.

　　A．Make relaxation your goal, not sleep.

　　B．Put off worries and troubles.

　　C．Use a flashlight to go to the bathroom at night.

　　D．In fact, a good sleeper won't even remember it.

　　E．Also avoid screens of any kind—computers, TVs, cell phones, iPads.

　　F．You'll be much more productive and creative after a good night's rest.

　　G．A good way to stay out of your head is to focus on the feeling in your body.

　　語篇解讀：本文介紹睡眠過程中會突然醒過來，如果長時間睡不著可以采取的一些措施。

　　1．D　根據前面的句子：It's normal to wake briefly during the night.晚上偶爾醒了是正常的，可知有的睡眠好的人甚至不記得了，故選D。

　　2．G　根據本段首句：Stay out of your head. The key to getting back to sleep is continuing to prepare your body for sleep, so remain in bed in a relaxed position.可知要想重新入睡最好的辦法是專注于身體的感受，故選G。

　　3．A　根據后面的句子：If you are finding it hard to fall back asleep, try a relaxation technique such as visualization, 可知要盡量放松，故選A。

　　4．E　根據前面的句子：Keep the lights dim so as not to think that it's time to wake up.可知一切有屏幕的東西都要避免，故選E。

　　5．B　根據前面的句子：If you wake during the night feeling anxious about something, make a brief note of it on paper and postpone worrying about it until the next day 可知是把擔心推遲到第二天，故選B。

　　Ⅳ.語法填空

　　閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當的內容(1個單詞)或括號內單詞的正確形式。

　　Among all the fast growing science and technology, the research of human genes, __1__ biological engineering as people call it, is drawing more and more attention now. Sometimes it is a hot topic __2__(discuss) by people.

　　The greatest thing that gene technology can do is to cure serious diseases that doctors at present can almost do nothing with, such as cancer and heart disease. Every year, millions of people are murdered by these two __3__(kill). And to date, doctors have not found __4__ effective way to cure them. But if the gene technology __5__(apply) , not only these two diseases can be cured completely, __6__(bring) happiness and more living days to the patients, but also the great amount of money people spent on curing their diseases can be saved, so __7__ benefits the economy as well. In addition, human life span(壽命) can be prolonged.

　　Gene technology can help people to give birth to more healthy and clever children. Some families, with the English imperial(皇室) family being a good example, have hereditary diseases. This means their children will for sure have the family disease, __8__ is a great trouble for these families. In the past, doctors could do nothing about hereditary diseases, __9__ gene technology can solve this problem __10__(perfect). The scientist just needs to find the wrong gene and correct it, and a healthy child will be born.

　　1．______　2.______　3.______　4.______　5.______

　　6．______　7.______　8.______　9.______　10.______

　　答案：

　　1．or　考查連詞。句意：在所有增長的科技中，對于基因的研究或生物工程，越來越吸引人們的注意力。

　　2．discussed　考查非謂語動詞。句意：有時這是個被人們討論的熱門話題 。discussed分詞做后置定語，與topic之間是被動關系。

　　3．killers　考查名詞。句意：每年有兩大殺手。根據第二段第一句話提到“The greatest thing that gene technology can do is to cure serious diseases that doctors at present can almost do nothing with, such as cancer and heart disease”癌癥和心臟病是兩大殺手。

　　4．an/any　考查冠詞。句意：到目前為止，醫生還沒有發現一個有效的方法來治愈。

　　5．is applied　考查動詞的語態。句意：如果基因技術被應用，這兩大疾病就能治愈。

　　6．bringing　考查非謂語動詞。句意：如果基因技術被應用，這兩大疾病就能治愈，會給病人帶來幸福。

　　7．it　考查代詞。句意：因此它也能使經濟受益。it代指基因技術被應用。

　　8．which　考查非限制性定語從句。句意：這就意味著他們的孩子有遺傳病，對于許多家庭來說這是個大的麻煩。

　　9．but　考查連詞。句意：過去人們對遺傳性疾病束手無策，而基因技術能夠解決這個問題。

　　10．perfectly　考查副詞。句意：而基因技術能夠很好地解決這個問題。

　　Ⅳ.短文改錯

　　假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用()劃掉。

　　修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。

　　注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；

　　2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。

　　Three years ago I failed an important exam in my life and became a student in an ordinary school. Disappointing as I felt at the shabby campus and the poorly－equipped classroom, I found the teachers patiently and considerate. Besides, I enjoyed the friendly atmosphere in class. I decided make the best of it. I worked hard and get along well with my teachers and classmates. Whenever I had difficulties, they were always available. Soon, I became one of the top student in my class, and which greatly increased my confidence and got him motivated.

　　My experience tell me that it is not what you are given but how you make use for it that determines who you are.