江蘇常州市2024高考英語閱讀理解二輪訓練（5）

　　一、設題方式

　　The passage is mainly about

　　.

　　Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?

　　Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

　　What would be the best title for the passage?

　　What’s the main theme of the passage?

　　What’s mainly discussed in the passage?

　　二、干擾項特點

　　1. 斷章取義。干擾項只闡述了文章的一部分內容，也就是文章的局部信息。

　　2. 以偏概全。干擾項常常以次要的事實或細節冒充全文的主要內容。

　　3. 主題擴大。干擾項歸納、概括的范圍過大。

　　4. 張冠李戴。命題者有意地把屬于A的特征放在B上。

　　三、解題指導

　　解題時需要快速了解作者的寫作方法，理清文章結構，找到主題句或主旨句。作者表現文章主旨的方式一般有下面幾種：

　　1. 正三角形寫作法

　　主題出現在首句或者首段。開門見山提出主題，這是英語中最常見的寫作方式。資訊報道的首句通常稱為“資訊導語”、“導語”，實際上就是提出主題。大部分說明文也是如此。

　　例1：

　　[2024年福建卷閱讀理解E篇]

　　A MENTORING (導師制) program is giving life changing opportunities to Banbury youth.

　　Young Inspirations was founded two years ago to provide mentoring sessions for students and unemployed young adults aged 11 to 21.

　　Alex Goldberg, the program’s founder, said: “We set up Young Inspirations because we wanted to give young people experiences which will potentially be life changing and broaden their outlook.”

　　…

　　75. What would be the best title for the passage?

　　A. Alex Goldberg, Founder of Young Inspirations

　　B. Young People Find a World of Opportunity

　　C. Kieran, Banbury School Pupil to Paris

　　D. Debates Help Youth with Their Grades

　　解析：BA MENTORING (導師制) program is giving life changing opportunities to Banbury youth便是全文的主題句，Almost every machine with moving parts has wheels, yet no one knows exactly when the first wheel was invented or what it was used for. We do know, however, that they existed over 5,500 years ago in ancient Asia.

　　…

　　67. What is the passage mainly about?

　　A. The beginning of road design.

　　B. The development of transport wheels.

　　C. The history of public transport.

　　D. The invention of fast-moving vehicles.

　　解析：B。本文開門見山地提到wheel，點明了文章的主題。再綜合后文的內容可知，全文講述了車輪的發展歷程以及道路設計對車輪發展的影響。

　　2. 倒三角形寫作法

　　主題句出現在文尾，即先表述事實細節或論據，然后在結尾點出主題或結論。

　　例：

　　[2024年廣東卷閱讀理解B篇]

　　Some people think that success is only for those with talent or those who grow up in the right family, and others believe that success mostly comes down to luck. I’m not going to say luck, talent, and circumstances don’t come into play because they do. Some people are born into the right family while others are born with great intelligence, and that’s just the reality of how life is.

　　However, to succeed in life, one first needs to set a goal and then gradually make it more practical. And, in addition to that, in order to get really good at something, one needs to spend at least 10,000 hours studying and practising. To become great at certain things, it’ll require even more time, time that most people won’t put in.

　　…

　　Whatever you do, if you want to become great at it, you need to work day in and day out, almost to the point of addiction, and over a long period of time. If you’re not willing to put in the time and work, don’t expect to receive any rewards. Consistent, hard work won’t guarantee you the level of success you may want, but it will guarantee that you will become really good at whatever it is you put all that work into.

　　35. What is the main theme of the passage?

　　A. Having a goal is vital to success.

　　B. Being good is different from being great.

　　C. One cannot succeed without time and practice.

　　D. Luck, talent and family help to achieve success.

　　解析：C。由第二段開頭的However可知，本文的主題論點不在第一段，而在后文。最后一段對全文進行了總結，根據該段第一句if you want to become great at it, you need to work day in and day out, almost to the point of addiction, and over a long period of time可知，本文的主題思想是“人們不付出時間和練習是不可能取得成功的”。

　　3. 菱形寫作法

　　比較常見的是問題答案型寫作法，作者在一開始或某一段末以問句形式提出一個問題，然后給出該問題的答案(Type 1)。另外還有一種常見的寫作方法，此類寫作法常出現在現象解釋型文章中，作者開始敘述某一現象，然后對該現象進行解釋(Type 2)。

　　常用于Type 1的表達：why, result in, bring about, lead to, give rise to, trigger, cause, affect, have an effect on, so…that, so that…等。

　　常用于Type 2的表達：result from, because, since, now that, lie in, because of, owing to, thanks to, the reason for doing sth.等。

　　例1：

　　[2024年天津卷閱讀理解C篇]

　　Poet William Stafford once said that we are defined more by the detours (繞行路) in life than by the narrow road toward goals. I like this image. But it was quite by accident that I discovered the deep meaning of his words.

　　…

　　Some road trips are by necessity fast and straight. But that trip with Banner opened our eyes to a world available to anyone adventurous enough to wander around and made me realize that a detour may uncover the best part of a journey — and the best part of yourself.

　　50. What could be the best title for the passage?

　　A. Charm of the Detour

　　B. The Road to Bravery

　　C. Creativity out of Necessity

　　D. Road Trip and Country Life

　　解析：A。本文一開頭就引入話題“繞行”。作者這些年來為了貪圖便捷快速一直走高速路，而這次因為照顧年幼的孩子而不得不選擇鄉間公路，這次經歷讓她和孩子們欣賞了大自然的美景，發現了繞行路的魅力。detour在本文中是一個出現頻率極高的詞匯。本文在第一段通過詩人的話就引出detour，文中又多次被提及，作者在文章的最后一句點明了主題，即繞行路充滿了魅力。

　　例2：

　　[2024年廣東卷閱讀理解D篇]

　　While Jennifer was at home taking an online exam for her business law class, a monitor (監控器) a few hundred miles away was watching her every move.

　　…

　　In the battle against cheating, this is the cutting edge and a key to encourage honesty in the booming field of online education. The technology gives trust to the entire system, to the institution and to online education in general. Only with solid measures against cheating, experts say, can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid — that students haven’t just searched the Internet to get the right answers.

　　Although online classes have existed for more than a decade, the concern over cheating has become sharper in the last year with the growth of “open online courses.” Private colleges, public universities and corporations are jumping into the online education field, spending millions of dollars to attract potential students, while also taking steps to help guarantee honesty at a distance.

　　…

　　45. Which of the following is the best title of this passage?

　　A. The Advantages of Online Exams

　　B. The High-tech Methods in Online Courses

　　C. The Fight against Cheating in Online Education

　　D. The War against the Booming of Online Education

　　解析：C，In the battle against cheating, this is the cutting edge and a key to encourage honesty in the booming field of online education和the concern over cheating has become sharper in the last year with the growth of “open online courses.”等句點明了本文的主旨內容。

　　【跟蹤訓練】

　　Ⅰ

　　Doctors are known to be terrible pilots. They don’t listen because they already know it all. I was lucky: I became a pilot in 1970, almost ten years before I graduated from medical school. I didn’t realize then, but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon. I loved flying. As I flew bigger, faster planes, and in worse weather, I learned about crew resource management (機組資源管理), or CRM, a new idea to make flying safer. It means that crew members should listen and speak up for a good result, regardless of positions.

　　I first read about CRM in 1980. Not long after that, an attending doctor and I were flying in bad weather. The controller had us turn too late to get our landing ready. The attending doctor was flying; I was safety pilot. He was so busy because of the bad turn, he had forgotten to put the landing gear (起落架) down. He was a better pilot — and my boss — so it felt unusual to speak up. But I had to: Our lives were in danger. I put aside my uneasiness and said, “We need to put the landing gear down now!” That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM, and I’ve used it in the operating room ever since.

　　CRM requires that the pilot/surgeon encourage others to speak up. It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite, the doctor doesn’t overreact, which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again. So when I’m in the operating room, I ask for ideas and help from others. Sometimes they’re not willing to speak up. But I hope that if I continue to encourage them, someday someone will keep me from “landing gear up”.

　　? Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

　　A. CRM: A New Way to Make Flying Safe

　　B. Flying Makes Me a Better Doctor

　　C. The Making of a Good Pilot

　　D. A Pilot-Turned Doctor

　　Ⅱ

　　Listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else. An essential part of listening well is the rule known as ‘bracketing’. Bracketing includes the temporary giving up or setting aside of your own prejudices and desires, to experience as far as possible someone else’s world from the inside, stepping into his or her shoes. Moreover, since listening well involves bracketing, it also involves a temporary acceptance of the other person. Sensing this acceptance, the speaker will seem quite willing to open up the inner part of his or her mind to the listener. True communication is under way. The energy required for listening well is so great that it can be accomplished only by the will to extend oneself for mutual growth.

　　? What is mainly discussed in the passage?

　　A. How to listen well.

　　B. What to listen to.

　　C. Benefits of listening.

　　D. Problems in listening.

　　參考答案及解析：

　　Ⅰ

　　B。本文作者采用了倒敘。第一段敘述故事的結果，從而引出下文的故事。而第一段中的becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon是文章的中心句。

　　Ⅱ

　　A。本段第一句Listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else為關鍵句，，：

　　閱讀理解

　　Big Brothers Big Sisters is based on the simplicity and power of friendship. It is a program which provides friendship and fun by matchingvulnerable young people(ages 7- 17) with a volunteer adult who can be both a role model and a supportive friend.

　　Volunteer tutors come from all walks of life—married, single, with or without children. Big Brothers and Big Sisters are not replacement parents or social workers. They are tutors: someone to trust, to have fun with, to talk and go to when needed.

　　A Big Sister and Little Sister will generally spend between one and four hours together three or four times each month for at least twelve months. They enjoy simple activities such as a picnic at a park, cooking, playing sport or going to a football match. These activities improve the friendship and help the young person develop positive self- respect, confidence and life direction.

　　Big Brothers Big Sisters organizations exist throughout the world. It is the largest and most well- known provider of tutor services internationally and has been operating for 25 years.

　　Emily and Sarah have been matched since March 2008. Emily is a 10- year- old girl who has experienced some difficulties being accepted by her schoolmates at school. ‘I was pretty sure there was something wrong with me. ’

　　Emily’s mum came across Big Brothers Big Sisters and thought it would be of benefit to Emily by‘providing different feedback(反饋) about herself other than just relying on schoolmates to measure her self- worth. ’

　　Sarah wanted to get involved in a volunteer program. ‘I googled it and found out how to be a part of it. I thought it would be fun for me to get involved in making time to do something because sometimes it’s all work and no play. ’

　　Big Brothers Big Sisters has been of great benefit and enjoyment to both Emily and Sarah. They love and look forward to their time together and the partnership has certainly helped Emily be more comfortable in being the wonderful, happy and unique girl she is!

　　1. What is the aim of Big Brothers Big Sisters?

　　A. To offer students public services.

　　B. To help students improve their grades.

　　C. To organize sport activities for young people.

　　D. To provide partnership and fun for young people.

　　2. A volunteer is usually expected to work within a year for at least　.　

　　A. 24 hours　 B. 36 hours　C. 48 hours　D. 72 hours

　　3. According to Emily’s mother, this program may provide Emily with　.　

　　A. advice from her teachers

　　B. a new way to assess herself

　　C. a new way to judge her schoolmates

　　D. more comments from her schoolmates

　　4. Why did Sarah want to get involved in the program?

　　A. She used to be a volunteer.

　　B. She needed a part- time job.

　　C. She felt a bit bored with her life.

　　D. She wanted to get a challenging job.

　　5. According to the passage, ‘vulnerable young people’ are probably those who are　.　

　　A. popular at school　B. rather weak physically

　　C. easily hurt emotionally D. confident in themselves

　　【參考答案】38.DBBCC　

　　閱讀理解

　　You are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or a creator. When you choose to be a victim, the world is a cold and difficult place. “They” did things to you which caused all of your pain and suffering. “They” are wrong and bad, and life is terrible as long as “they” are around. Or you may blame yourself for all your problems, thus internalizing (內化) your victimization. The truth is, your life is likely to stay that way as long as you feel a need to blame yourself or others.

　　Those who choose to be creators look at life quite differently. They know there are individuals who might like to control their lives, but they don’t let this get in the way. They know they have their weaknesses, yet they don’t blame themselves when they fail. Whatever happens, they have choice in the matter. They believe their dance with each sacred(神圣的) moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth.