閱讀理解（11）

　　A

　　Doctors are known to be terrible pilots. They don't listen because they already know it all. I was lucky: I became a pilot in 1970, almost ten years before I graduated from medical school. I didn't realize then, but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon. I loved flying. As I flew bigger, faster planes, and in worse weather, I learned about crew resource management (機組資源管理), or CRM, a new idea to make flying safer. It means that crew members should listen and speak up for a good result, regardless of positions.

　　I first read about CRM in 1980. Not long after that, an attending doctor and I were flying in bad weather. The controller had us turn too late to get our landing ready. The attending doctor was flying; I was safety pilot. He was so busy because of the bad turn, he had forgotten to put the landing gear (起落架)down. He was a better pilot－and my boss－so it felt unusual to speak up. But I had to: Our lives were in danger. I put aside my uneasiness and said, “We need to put the landing gear down now！” That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM, and I've used it in the operating room ever since.

　　CRM requires that the pilot/surgeon encourage others to speak up. It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite, the doctor doesn't overreact, which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again. So when I'm in the operating room, I ask for ideas and help from others. Sometimes they're not willing to speak up. But I hope that if I continue to encourage them, someday someone will keep me from “landing_gear_up”．

　　1．What does the author say about doctors in general?

　　A. They like flying by themselves.

　　B. They are unwilling to take advice.

　　C. They pretend to be good pilots.

　　D. They are quick learners of CRM.

　　2. The author deepened his understanding of the power of CRM when________.

　　A. he saved the plane by speaking up

　　B. he was in charge of a flying task

　　C. his boss landed the plane too late

　　D. his boss operated on a patient

　　3. In the last paragraph “landing gear up”probably means “________”．

　　A. following flying requirements

　　B. overreacting to different opinions

　　C. listening to what fellow doctors say

　　D. making a mistake that may cost lives

　　4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

　　A. CRM: A New Way to Make Flying Safe

　　B. Flying Makes Me a Better Doctor

　　C. The Making of a Good Pilot

　　D. A Pilot-Turned Doctor

　　[文章大意]　本文作者談了自己做醫生和飛行員的體會，強調了傾聽別人建議的重要性。

　　1．B。考查細節理解。由第一段第二句可知，醫生往往不喜歡聽建議，因為他們了解情況。

　　2．A。考查細節理解。由第二段最后兩句可知，作者大膽提醒飛行員(主治醫師)放下起落架，第一次感到了大膽說出來的力量，且從此以后在手術室也這樣做。

　　3．D。考查詞義猜測。根據句意“但是我希望，如果我繼續鼓勵他們，有人會在某一天阻止我犯‘將起落架升起來’這樣嚴重的錯誤”可知，此處“landing gear up”借指所犯的可能會以生命為代價的錯誤。

　　4．B。考查標題判斷。作者將自己從飛行員職業經歷中所獲取的經驗運用到行醫生涯中，使自己善于傾聽別人的建議，從而使自己成為了一名優秀的醫生。B項符合題意。

　　B

　　Tail Spin

　　Two dolphins race around in a big pool in the Ocean Park. The smaller dolphin, Grace, shows off a few of her tricks, turning around and waving hello to the crowd. The most amazing thing about her, however，is that she's even swimming at all. She doesn't have a tail.

　　Grace lost her tail as a baby when she got caught up in a fish trap. When the dolphin arrived at the Ocean Park in December 2005, she was fighting for her life. “Is she going to make it？” Her trainer, Abbey Stone, feared the worst. Grace

　　did

　　make

　　it－but

　　her tail

　　didn't. She ended up losing her flukes and the lower part of her peduncle.

　　Over the past six years, she has learned to swim without her tail. Dolphins swim by moving their flukes and peduncle up and down. Grace taught herself to move another way－like a fish! She pushes herself forward through the water by moving her peduncle from side to side.

　　The movements put harmful pressure on Grace's backbone. So a company offered to create a man-made tail for her. The tail had to be strong enough to stay on Grace as she swam but soft enough that it wouldn't hurt her.

　　The first time Grace wore the artificial tail, she soon shook it off and let it sink to the bottom of the pool. Now, she is still learning to use the tail. Some days she wears it for an hour at a time，others not at all. “The new tail isn't necessary for her to feel comfortable，” says Stone, “but it helps to keep

　　that range

　　of motion (動作) and

　　build muscles (肌肉)．”

　　Now，the dolphin is about to get an even happier ending. This month, Grace will star in Dolphin Tale, a film that focuses on her rescue and recovery. Her progress has inspired more than just a new movie. Many people travel from near and far to meet her. Seeing Grace swim with her man-made tail gives people so much courage.

　　5. When Grace first arrived at the Ocean Park, her trainer worried about her________.

　　A. physical build

　　B. potential ability

　　C. chance of survival

　　D. adaptation to the surroundings

　　6. A man-made tail is created for Grace to________.

　　A. let her recover faster

　　B. make her comfortable

　　C. adjust her way of swimming

　　D. help her perform better tricks

　　7. The story of Grace inspires people to________.

　　A. stick to their dreams

　　B. treat animals friendly

　　C. treasure what they have

　　D. face difficulties bravely

　　[文章大意]　'本文為記敘文，講述了一只名叫Grace的海豚勇敢面對困難的故事。

　　5．C。細節理解題。根據文章第二段中“When the dolphin arrived at the Ocean Park in December 2005, she was fighting for her life.‘Is she going to

　　make it？’Her trainer，Abbey Stone，feared the worst.”可知此題應選擇C項。

　　6．C。推理判斷題。根據文章第四段和第五段的描述可知這條人造的尾巴是幫助Grace游泳的，故此題選擇C項。

　　7．D。推理判斷題。通讀全文，Grace從一開始生死未卜，到失去尾巴，再到最后有一個更加快樂的結局可以看出Grace的故事能夠激勵人勇敢地面對困難，故選擇D項。

　　C

　　In 1947 a group of famous people from the art world headed by an Austrian conductor decided to hold an international festival of music, dance and theatre in Edinburgh. The idea was to reunite Europe after the Second World War.

　　It quickly attracted famous names such as Alec Guinness, Richard Burton, Dame Margot Fonteyn and Marlene Dietrich as well as the big symphony orchestras (交響樂團). It became a fixed event every August and now attracts 400,000 people yearly.

　　At the same time, the “Fringe” appeared as a challenge to the official festival. Eight theatre groups turned up uninvited in 1947, in the belief that everyone should have the right to perform, and they did so in a public house disused for years.

　　Soon, groups of students firstly from Edinburgh University, and later from the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, Durham and Birmingham were making the journey to the Scottish capital each summer to perform theatre by little-known writers of plays in small church halls to the people of Edinburgh.

　　Today the “Fringe”， once less recognized, has far outgrown the festival with around 1,500 performances of theatre, music and dance on every one of the 21 days it lasts. And yet as early as 1959, with only 19 theatre groups performing, some said it was getting too big.

　　A paid administrator was first employed only in 1971, and

　　today there are eight administrators working all year round and the number rises to 150 during August itself. In 2004 there were 200 places housing 1,695 shows by over 600 different groups from 50 different countries. More than 1.25 million tickets were sold.

　　1. What was the purpose of Edinburgh Festival at the beginning?

　　A. To bring Europe together again.

　　B. To honor heroes of World War Ⅱ.

　　C. To introduce young theatre groups.

　　D. To attract great artists from Europe.

　　2. Why did some uninvited theatre groups come to Edinburgh in 1947?

　　A. They owned a public house there.

　　B. They came to take up a challenge.

　　C. They thought they were also famous.

　　D. They wanted to take part in the festival.

　　3. Who joined the “Fringe”

　　after it appeared?

　　A. Popular writers.

　　B. University students.

　　C. Artists from around the world.

　　D. Performers of music and dance.

　　4. We may learn from the text that Edinburgh Festival ________.

　　A. has become a non-official event

　　B. has gone beyond an art festival

　　C. gives shows all year round

　　D. keeps growing rapidly

　　[文章大意]　本文介紹了英國愛丁堡的藝術節。

　　1．A。考查細節理解。由第一段最后一句可知，舉辦愛丁堡藝術節的目的是讓歐洲人民在二戰后團結起來。

　　2．D。考查細節理解。由第三段第二句可知，8個劇組于1947年在未受到邀請的情況下參加了這次音樂節，他們是帶著每個人都有權表演的信念來的。D項符合文意。

　　3．B。考查細節理解。由第四段可知，先是愛丁堡大學的學生，后來便是牛津、劍橋、達勒姆和伯明翰的大學的學生，他們紛紛來到蘇格蘭首府表演。故本題選B。

　　4．D。考查推理判斷。由倒數第二段可知，該節日曾經不被承認，但現在已經成為持續21天、每天都有約1,500種表演的盛大的藝術節。

　　D

　　Headphones are those things you put over or in your ears to listen privately to your music, podcasts or anything else that makes sound.People love to use their headphones for different reasons. There are different opinions about using headphones though. Be aware of all of them so that you can make a wise decision about whether to use them or not.

　　You keep your sound private so that you don't bother others with noise. Other people appreciate your effort at keeping the noise to yourself. Not everyone likes the same kind of music. Not everyone wants to listen to what you are listening to. This is one of the best reasons for listening through headphones.

　　Headphones are great devices when you are walking or jogging outside. You can listen to your music while you are doing exercise and it won't disrupt others. There is nothing better than walking or jogging to the beat of your favorite music.

　　However, there are some problems that you can't avoid.

　　Your eardrums can be damaged for the use of headphones. Sound isn't really made to go directly into your ear without anything there to cushion the blow. If someone gets close to your ear and yells, it hurts. Headphones are much like people being right next to your ears and screaming as loudly as they can. You have to be extremely careful of how loudly you turn up your sound when you decide to use headphones.

　　Although it is true that others can't hear your music when you use headphones, which doesn't mean some noise can't escape. You may find that if you turn the headphones up too loud, others will get an annoying than of your sounds. That is sometimes more annoying than listening to the music without headphones. It's just an enough sound to hear the beat but not to hear what it is.

　　It can be unsafe to use headphones. You can't hear things that are going on around you. You can't hear if someone walks into your home or if someone is right behind you. This can be very dangerous and you should keep yourself aware of what is around you.

　　1．This passage tells us ________.

　　A. the benefits of using headphones

　　B.

　　the shortcomings of enjoying music through headphones

　　C.

　　some advantages and disadvantages of using headphones

　　D. some measures when you use headphones

　　2．What is the primary cause of listening to music through headphones?

　　A. Walking or jogging to the beat of music.

　　B. The pursuit of better sound quality.

　　C. People's lifestyle and habits.

　　D. Not bothering others.

　　3．Why may using headphones be harmful to our body?

　　A. Because it may cause someone to scream at you.

　　B. Because it may make the eardrums injured.

　　C. Because you may be lost in music and fall over yourself.

　　D. Because someone may walk into your home.

　　4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

　　A. Headphones may still disturb others.

　　B. Headphones prevent annoying others completely.

　　C. You may be caught singing out loud.

　　D. Someone else can't hear the music beat.

　　[文章大意]　本文主要討論了人們戴耳機聽音樂的原因及其優點，同時又討論了這樣做的壞處。

　　1．C。主旨大意題。根據第四段“However, there are some problems that you can't avoid.”可知，本文主要介紹了使用耳機聽音樂的優點和缺點，故C項正確。

　　2．D。細節理解題。由第二段及其最后一句“This is one of the best reasons for listening through headphones.”可知，人們使用耳機聽音樂的主要原因是不想去打擾別人。

　　3．B。細節理解題。由第五段中的“Your eardrums can be damaged for the use of headphones.”可知，使用耳機聽音樂可能會使耳膜受損，故B項正確。

　　4．A。細節理解題。由倒數第二段可知，即使使用耳機聽音樂，旁邊的人仍然有可能聽到音樂的節奏，這會打擾到別人，故選A項。

　　閱讀理解（11）

　　A

　　Doctors are known to be terrible pilots. They don't listen because they already know it all. I was lucky: I became a pilot in 1970, almost ten years before I graduated from medical school. I didn't realize then, but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon. I loved flying. As I flew bigger, faster planes, and in worse weather, I learned about crew resource management (機組資源管理), or CRM, a new idea to make flying safer. It means that crew members should listen and speak up for a good result, regardless of positions.

　　I first read about CRM in 1980. Not long after that, an attending doctor and I were flying in bad weather. The controller had us turn too late to get our landing ready. The attending doctor was flying; I was safety pilot. He was so busy because of the bad turn, he had forgotten to put the landing gear (起落架)down. He was a better pilot－and my boss－so it felt unusual to speak up. But I had to: Our lives were in danger. I put aside my uneasiness and said, “We need to put the landing gear down now！” That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM, and I've used it in the operating room ever since.

　　CRM requires that the pilot/surgeon encourage others to speak up. It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite, the doctor doesn't overreact, which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again. So when I'm in the operating room, I ask for ideas and help from others. Sometimes they're not willing to speak up. But I hope that if I continue to encourage them, someday someone will keep me from “landing_gear_up”．

　　1．What does the author say about doctors in general?

　　A. They like flying by themselves.

　　B. They are unwilling to take advice.

　　C. They pretend to be good pilots.

　　D. They are quick learners of CRM.

　　2. The author deepened his understanding of the power of CRM when________.

　　A. he saved the plane by speaking up

　　B. he was in charge of a flying task

　　C. his boss landed the plane too late

　　D. his boss operated on a patient

　　3. In the last paragraph “landing gear up”probably means “________”．

　　A. following flying requirements

　　B. overreacting to different opinions

　　C. listening to what fellow doctors say

　　D. making a mistake that may cost lives

　　4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

　　A. CRM: A New Way to Make Flying Safe

　　B. Flying Makes Me a Better Doctor

　　C. The Making of a Good Pilot

　　D. A Pilot-Turned Doctor

　　[文章大意]　本文作者談了自己做醫生和飛行員的體會，強調了傾聽別人建議的重要性。

　　1．B。考查細節理解。由第一段第二句可知，醫生往往不喜歡聽建議，因為他們了解情況。

　　2．A。考查細節理解。由第二段最后兩句可知，作者大膽提醒飛行員(主治醫師)放下起落架，第一次感到了大膽說出來的力量，且從此以后在手術室也這樣做。

　　3．D。考查詞義猜測。根據句意“但是我希望，如果我繼續鼓勵他們，有人會在某一天阻止我犯‘將起落架升起來’這樣嚴重的錯誤”可知，此處“landing gear up”借指所犯的可能會以生命為代價的錯誤。

　　4．B。考查標題判斷。作者將自己從飛行員職業經歷中所獲取的經驗運用到行醫生涯中，使自己善于傾聽別人的建議，從而使自己成為了一名優秀的醫生。B項符合題意。

　　B

　　Tail Spin

　　Two dolphins race around in a big pool in the Ocean Park. The smaller dolphin, Grace, shows off a few of her tricks, turning around and waving hello to the crowd. The most amazing thing about her, however，is that she's even swimming at all. She doesn't have a tail.

　　Grace lost her tail as a baby when she got caught up in a fish trap. When the dolphin arrived at the Ocean Park in December 2005, she was fighting for her life. “Is she going to make it？” Her trainer, Abbey Stone, feared the worst. Grace

　　did

　　make

　　it－but

　　her tail

　　didn't. She ended up losing her flukes and the lower part of her peduncle.

　　Over the past six years, she has learned to swim without her tail. Dolphins swim by moving their flukes and peduncle up and down. Grace taught herself to move another way－like a fish! She pushes herself forward through the water by moving her peduncle from side to side.

　　The movements put harmful pressure on Grace's backbone. So a company offered to create a man-made tail for her. The tail had to be strong enough to stay on Grace as she swam but soft enough that it wouldn't hurt her.

　　The first time Grace wore the artificial tail, she soon shook it off and let it sink to the bottom of the pool. Now, she is still learning to use the tail. Some days she wears it for an hour at a time，others not at all. “The new tail isn't necessary for her to feel comfortable，” says Stone, “but it helps to keep

　　that range

　　of motion (動作) and

　　build muscles (肌肉)．”

　　Now，the dolphin is about to get an even happier ending. This month, Grace will star in Dolphin Tale, a film that focuses on her rescue and recovery. Her progress has inspired more than just a new movie. Many people travel from near and far to meet her. Seeing Grace swim with her man-made tail gives people so much courage.

　　5. When Grace first arrived at the Ocean Park, her trainer worried about her________.

　　A. physical build

　　B. potential ability

　　C. chance of survival

　　D. adaptation to the surroundings

　　6. A man-made tail is created for Grace to________.

　　A. let her recover faster

　　B. make her comfortable

　　C. adjust her way of swimming

　　D. help her perform better tricks

　　7. The story of Grace inspires people to________.

　　A. stick to their dreams

　　B. treat animals friendly

　　C. treasure what they have

　　D. face difficulties bravely

　　[文章大意]　'本文為記敘文，講述了一只名叫Grace的海豚勇敢面對困難的故事。

　　5．C。細節理解題。根據文章第二段中“When the dolphin arrived at the Ocean Park in December 2005, she was fighting for her life.‘Is she going to

　　make it？’Her trainer，Abbey Stone，feared the worst.”可知此題應選擇C項。

　　6．C。推理判斷題。根據文章第四段和第五段的描述可知這條人造的尾巴是幫助Grace游泳的，故此題選擇C項。

　　7．D。推理判斷題。通讀全文，Grace從一開始生死未卜，到失去尾巴，再到最后有一個更加快樂的結局可以看出Grace的故事能夠激勵人勇敢地面對困難，故選擇D項。

　　C

　　In 1947 a group of famous people from the art world headed by an Austrian conductor decided to hold an international festival of music, dance and theatre in Edinburgh. The idea was to reunite Europe after the Second World War.

　　It quickly attracted famous names such as Alec Guinness, Richard Burton, Dame Margot Fonteyn and Marlene Dietrich as well as the big symphony orchestras (交響樂團). It became a fixed event every August and now attracts 400,000 people yearly.

　　At the same time, the “Fringe” appeared as a challenge to the official festival. Eight theatre groups turned up uninvited in 1947, in the belief that everyone should have the right to perform, and they did so in a public house disused for years.

　　Soon, groups of students firstly from Edinburgh University, and later from the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, Durham and Birmingham were making the journey to the Scottish capital each summer to perform theatre by little-known writers of plays in small church halls to the people of Edinburgh.

　　Today the “Fringe”， once less recognized, has far outgrown the festival with around 1,500 performances of theatre, music and dance on every one of the 21 days it lasts. And yet as early as 1959, with only 19 theatre groups performing, some said it was getting too big.

　　A paid administrator was first employed only in 1971, and

　　today there are eight administrators working all year round and the number rises to 150 during August itself. In 2004 there were 200 places housing 1,695 shows by over 600 different groups from 50 different countries. More than 1.25 million tickets were sold.

　　1. What was the purpose of Edinburgh Festival at the beginning?

　　A. To bring Europe together again.

　　B. To honor heroes of World War Ⅱ.

　　C. To introduce young theatre groups.

　　D. To attract great artists from Europe.

　　2. Why did some uninvited theatre groups come to Edinburgh in 1947?

　　A. They owned a public house there.

　　B. They came to take up a challenge.

　　C. They thought they were also famous.

　　D. They wanted to take part in the festival.

　　3. Who joined the “Fringe”

　　after it appeared?

　　A. Popular writers.

　　B. University students.

　　C. Artists from around the world.

　　D. Performers of music and dance.

　　4. We may learn from the text that Edinburgh Festival ________.

　　A. has become a non-official event

　　B. has gone beyond an art festival

　　C. gives shows all year round

　　D. keeps growing rapidly

　　[文章大意]　本文介紹了英國愛丁堡的藝術節。

　　1．A。考查細節理解。由第一段最后一句可知，舉辦愛丁堡藝術節的目的是讓歐洲人民在二戰后團結起來。

　　2．D。考查細節理解。由第三段第二句可知，8個劇組于1947年在未受到邀請的情況下參加了這次音樂節，他們是帶著每個人都有權表演的信念來的。D項符合文意。

　　3．B。考查細節理解。由第四段可知，先是愛丁堡大學的學生，后來便是牛津、劍橋、達勒姆和伯明翰的大學的學生，他們紛紛來到蘇格蘭首府表演。故本題選B。

　　4．D。考查推理判斷。由倒數第二段可知，該節日曾經不被承認，但現在已經成為持續21天、每天都有約1,500種表演的盛大的藝術節。

　　D

　　Headphones are those things you put over or in your ears to listen privately to your music, podcasts or anything else that makes sound.People love to use their headphones for different reasons. There are different opinions about using headphones though. Be aware of all of them so that you can make a wise decision about whether to use them or not.

　　You keep your sound private so that you don't bother others with noise. Other people appreciate your effort at keeping the noise to yourself. Not everyone likes the same kind of music. Not everyone wants to listen to what you are listening to. This is one of the best reasons for listening through headphones.

　　Headphones are great devices when you are walking or jogging outside. You can listen to your music while you are doing exercise and it won't disrupt others. There is nothing better than walking or jogging to the beat of your favorite music.

　　However, there are some problems that you can't avoid.

　　Your eardrums can be damaged for the use of headphones. Sound isn't really made to go directly into your ear without anything there to cushion the blow. If someone gets close to your ear and yells, it hurts. Headphones are much like people being right next to your ears and screaming as loudly as they can. You have to be extremely careful of how loudly you turn up your sound when you decide to use headphones.

　　Although it is true that others can't hear your music when you use headphones, which doesn't mean some noise can't escape. You may find that if you turn the headphones up too loud, others will get an annoying than of your sounds. That is sometimes more annoying than listening to the music without headphones. It's just an enough sound to hear the beat but not to hear what it is.

　　It can be unsafe to use headphones. You can't hear things that are going on around you. You can't hear if someone walks into your home or if someone is right behind you. This can be very dangerous and you should keep yourself aware of what is around you.

　　1．This passage tells us ________.

　　A. the benefits of using headphones

　　B.

　　the shortcomings of enjoying music through headphones

　　C.

　　some advantages and disadvantages of using headphones

　　D. some measures when you use headphones

　　2．What is the primary cause of listening to music through headphones?

　　A. Walking or jogging to the beat of music.

　　B. The pursuit of better sound quality.

　　C. People's lifestyle and habits.

　　D. Not bothering others.

　　3．Why may using headphones be harmful to our body?

　　A. Because it may cause someone to scream at you.

　　B. Because it may make the eardrums injured.

　　C. Because you may be lost in music and fall over yourself.

　　D. Because someone may walk into your home.

　　4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

　　A. Headphones may still disturb others.

　　B. Headphones prevent annoying others completely.

　　C. You may be caught singing out loud.

　　D. Someone else can't hear the music beat.

　　[文章大意]　本文主要討論了人們戴耳機聽音樂的原因及其優點，同時又討論了這樣做的壞處。

　　1．C。主旨大意題。根據第四段“However, there are some problems that you can't avoid.”可知，本文主要介紹了使用耳機聽音樂的優點和缺點，故C項正確。

　　2．D。細節理解題。由第二段及其最后一句“This is one of the best reasons for listening through headphones.”可知，人們使用耳機聽音樂的主要原因是不想去打擾別人。

　　3．B。細節理解題。由第五段中的“Your eardrums can be damaged for the use of headphones.”可知，使用耳機聽音樂可能會使耳膜受損，故B項正確。

　　4．A。細節理解題。由倒數第二段可知，即使使用耳機聽音樂，旁邊的人仍然有可能聽到音樂的節奏，這會打擾到別人，故選A項。