閱讀理解訓練題（四十三）

　　A

　　The first jazz musicians played in New Orleans during the early 1900’s. After 1917, many of the New Orleans musicians moved to the south side of Chicago, where they continued to play their style of Jazz. Soon Chicage was the new center for jazz.

　　Several out standing musicians appeared as leading jazz artists in Chicago. Daniel Louis “Satchmo” Armstrong, born in New Orleans in 1900, was one. Another leading musician was Joseph “King” Oliver, who was also believed with having discovered Armstrong when they were both in New Orleans. While in Chicago, Oliver asked Armstrong, who was in New Orleans, to join his band.

　　In 1923 King Oliver’ Creole Jazz Band made the first important set of recordings by a Black band in the history of jazz. The Red Hot Peppers band led by Jelly Roll Morton and the Hot Five and Hot Seven Bands under Louis Armstrong also made recordings of special note.

　　Although Chicago’s South side was the main jazz center, some musicians in New York were also demanding attention in jazz circles. In 1923 Fletcer Henderson already had a ten-piece band that played jazz. During the early 1930’s, the number of players grew to sixteen, Henderson’s band was considered a leader in what some people have called the Big Band Era.

　　By the 1930’s, big dance bands were the rage. Large numbers of people went to ballrooms to dance to jazz music played by big bands.

　　One of the most popular and long a very famous jazz band was the Duke Ellington Band. Edward “Duke” Ellington was born in Washton, D.C, in 1899 and died in New York City in 1974. He studied the piano as a young boy and later began writing original musical compositions.

　　The first of Ellington’s European tours came in 1933. He soon received international fame for his talent as a band leader, composer, and arranger. Ten years later, Ellington began giving annual concerts at Carnegie Hall in New York City. People began to listen to jazz in the same way that they had always listened to classical music.

　　56．What is the main purpose of the passage?

　　A．To compare jazz to other types of music. B．To criticize jazz musicians and their music.

　　C．To describe the careers of important jazz musicians in the 1930’s.

　　D．To trace the development of jazz in the United States.

　　57．It can be inferred from the passage that Louis Armstrong went to Chicago for which of the following reasons?

　　A．to form his own band. B．To learn to play Chicago-style jazz.

　　C．To play in Joseph Oliver’s band.

　　D．To make recordings with the Hot Five.

　　58．According to the passage, which of the following Black bands was the first to make a significant set of jazz recordings?

　　A．The hot Sevsn band. B．Fletcher Henderson’s band.

　　C．The red hot Peppers band. D．King Oliver’s Creole Jazz Band.

　　59．The passage supports which of the following conclusions?

　　A．By the 1930’s jazz was appreciated by a wide audience.

　　B．Classical music had a great hit on jazz.

　　C．Jazz was born in New Orleans in the early 19th century.

　　D．Jazz bands were better known in Europe than in the United States.

　　61．Which of the following cities is NOT mentioned in the passage as a center of Jazz?

　　A．New York B．Washton, D. C C．Chicago D．New Orleans

　　B

　　A new project is being set up to discover the best ways of sorting and separating rubbish. When this project is completed, rubbish will be processed(處理) like this: First, it will pass through sharp metal spikes(尖狀物) which will tear open the plastic bags in which rubbish is usually packed; then it will pass through a powerful fan to separate the lightest elements from the heavy solids; after that crushers and rollers will break up everything that can be broken. Finally, the rubbish will pass under magnets(磁鐵) which will remove the bits of iron and steel; the rubber and plastic will be then sorted out in the final stage.

　　The first full- scale giant recycling plants are, perhaps, years away. But in some big industrial areas, where rubbish has been dumped for so long that there are no holes to fill up with rubbish, these new automatic recycling plants may be built sooner. Indeed, with the growing cost of transporting rubbish to more distant dumps, some big cities will be forced to build their own recycling plants before long.

　　61．Crushers and rollers are used to __________-

　　A．remove the sharp metal objects B．reduce items to small pieces

　　C．separate the light elements D．tear open the plastic bags

　　62．Among the problems big cities are facing, the basic one is that ________.

　　A．there are too many holes

　　B．there is a labor shortage

　　C．moving rubbish to faraway dumps is too costly

　　D．finding a new way for recycling is difficult

　　C

　　Every animal is a living radiator(散熱器)－heat formed in its cells is given off through its skin. Warm-blooded animals maintain a steady temperature by constantly replacing lost surface heat; smaller animals, which have more skin for every ounce of body weight, must produce heat faster than bigger ones. Because smaller animals burn fuel faster, scientists say that they live faster.

　　The speed at which an animal lives is determined by measuring the rate at which it uses oxygen. A chicken, for example, uses one-half cubic centimeter of oxygen every hour for each gram it weighs. The tiny shrew uses four cubic centimeters of oxygen every hour for each gram it weighs. Because it uses oxygen eight times as fast, it is said that the mouselike shrew is living eight times as fast as the chicken. The smallest of the warm-blooded creatures, the hummingbird, lives a hundred times as fast as an elephant.

　　There is a limit to how small a warm-blooded animal can be. A mammal or bird that weighted only two and a half grams would starve to death. It would burn up its food too rapidly and would not be able to eat fast enough to supply more fuel.

　　63．Warm-blooded animals maintain a steady temperature by ________.

　　A．regulating the amount of heat produced

　　B．storing heat in their body cells

　　C．controlling the amount of heat given off

　　D．constantly replacing lost surface heat

　　64．The speed at which an animal lives is determined by measuring __________.

　　A．the amount of food it eats

　　B．the rate at which it uses oxygen

　　C．the amount of oxygen it uses D．its body temperature

　　65．The amount of oxygen an animal uses depends on _________.

　　A．its body weight

　　B．the food it eats

　　C．its general size and shape D．the length of time it lives

　　66．Form the selection, we can infer that __________.

　　A．the hummingbird lives faster than any other warm-blooded creature

　　B．there is no limit as to how large a warm-blooded animal can be.

　　C．small animals have less skin for their body weight than large ones .

　　D．the hummingbird is the smallest animal in the world.

　　D

　　Children have their own rules in playing games. They seldom need a referee(裁判) and rarely trouble to keep scores. They don’t care much about who wins or loses, and it doesn’t seem to worry them if the game is not finished. Yet, they like games that depend a lot on luck, so that their personal abilities cannot be directly compared. They also enjoy games that move in stages, in which each stage, the choosing of leaders, the picking-up of sides, or the determining of which side shall start, is a game in itself.

　　Grown-ups can hardly find children’s games exciting, and they often feel puzzled at why their kids play such simple games again and again. However, it is found that a child plays games for very important reasons. He can be a good player without having to think whether he is a popular person, and he can find himself being a useful partner to someone of whom he is ordinarily afraid. He becomes a leader when it comes to his turn. He can be confident, too, in particular games, that it is his place to give orders, to pretend to be dead, to throw a ball actually at someone, or to kiss some one he has caught.

　　It appears to us that when children play a game they imagine a situation under their control. Everyone knows the rules, and, more importantly, everyone plays according to the rules. Those rules may be childish, but they make sure that every child has a chance to win.

　　67．What is true about children when they play games?

　　A．They can stop playing at any time they like.

　　B．They can test their personal abilities.

　　C．They want to pick a better team.

　　D．They don’t need rules.

　　68．To become a leader in a game the child has to __________.

　　A．play well

　　B．wait for his turn

　　C．be confident in himself D．be popular among his playmates

　　69．What do we know about grown-ups?

　　A．They are not interested in games.

　　B．They find children’s games easy.

　　C．They don’t need a reason to play games.

　　D．They don’t understand children’s games.

　　70．Why does a child like playing games?

　　A．Because he can be someone other than himself.

　　B．Because he can become popular among friends.

　　C．Because he finds he is always lucky in games.

　　D．Because he likes the place where he places a game.

　　71．The writer believes that _________.

　　A．children should make better rules for their games

　　B．children should invite grown-ups to play with them

　　C．children’s games can do them a lot of good D．children play games without reasons

　　E

　　After the age of sixteen, the number of brain cells begins to decrease at a speed of several million a year. They simply die off. We know that in certain types of activity, the human brain is at its peak(高峰) in the early twenties, when it has collected enough information to be able to use the vast number of cells freely in the most effective way. Pure mathematics is one of the fields in which this happens, and we know that Albert Einstein made all his world-shaking discoveries between the

　　age of about 20 and 25, and spent the rest of his life tidying them up and arranging them.

　　But in certain other types of activity (of which being an author is perhaps one) experience is more important than sharpness of brain, and there one usually finds that a person reaches his or her peak much later in life.

　　Besides sharpness of brain and experience, here is another thing that is very important; and that is wisdom; one can have a very quick, inventive brain and plenty of experience, but if one uses these foolishly, one harms both oneself and others. Wisdom does not always come with age－there are plenty of foolish middle－aged people about－but the average person tends to learn wisdom as he gets older, usually by making painful of embarrassing mistakes.

　　Leaning to be wise is basically learning what is not possible; and what is possible but so difficult that it is not worth all the trouble one has to go through go get there. Mostly, it is learning about human nature; how real people behave and react, as against how one would like them to behave and react. One can read and hear lot of idealistic stuff(空想的東西) about how to make the world a better place, which would be found if it was based on an accurate (準確) observation of human nature, but which is basically a waste of time because it is not.

　　72．According to the writer, the great discoveries made by Albert Einstein were mainly a result in __________.

　　A．years of hard work

　　B．sharpness of the brain

　　C．rich experience

　　D．his deep understanding of the nuture

　　73．Some people achieve success much later in life because ______.

　　A.their work often requires much experience

　　B．they do not have a chance to show their talent

　　C．they have to learn lessons from failures

　　D．they fail to realize earlier the importance of hard work

　　74．The importance of wisdom lies in the fact that __________.

　　A．it helps to avoid various mistakes

　　B．it contributes to one’s creativity

　　C．it encourages one to go forward in face of difficulty

　　D．it provides the right direction of efforts

　　75．The writer came to believe that ________.

　　A．it is always a waste of time to make plans about the future

　　B．it is human nature to make attempts on what looks impossible

　　C．one should always challenge the impossible to push the society forward

　　D．one has to use wisdom in deciding what is the best thing to do

　　閱讀理解訓練題（四十三）答案

　　56-60DCDAB

　　61-65BCDBA

　　66-70AABBA

　　71-75CBADD

　　閱讀理解訓練題（四十三）

　　A

　　The first jazz musicians played in New Orleans during the early 1900’s. After 1917, many of the New Orleans musicians moved to the south side of Chicago, where they continued to play their style of Jazz. Soon Chicage was the new center for jazz.

　　Several out standing musicians appeared as leading jazz artists in Chicago. Daniel Louis “Satchmo” Armstrong, born in New Orleans in 1900, was one. Another leading musician was Joseph “King” Oliver, who was also believed with having discovered Armstrong when they were both in New Orleans. While in Chicago, Oliver asked Armstrong, who was in New Orleans, to join his band.

　　In 1923 King Oliver’ Creole Jazz Band made the first important set of recordings by a Black band in the history of jazz. The Red Hot Peppers band led by Jelly Roll Morton and the Hot Five and Hot Seven Bands under Louis Armstrong also made recordings of special note.

　　Although Chicago’s South side was the main jazz center, some musicians in New York were also demanding attention in jazz circles. In 1923 Fletcer Henderson already had a ten-piece band that played jazz. During the early 1930’s, the number of players grew to sixteen, Henderson’s band was considered a leader in what some people have called the Big Band Era.

　　By the 1930’s, big dance bands were the rage. Large numbers of people went to ballrooms to dance to jazz music played by big bands.

　　One of the most popular and long a very famous jazz band was the Duke Ellington Band. Edward “Duke” Ellington was born in Washton, D.C, in 1899 and died in New York City in 1974. He studied the piano as a young boy and later began writing original musical compositions.

　　The first of Ellington’s European tours came in 1933. He soon received international fame for his talent as a band leader, composer, and arranger. Ten years later, Ellington began giving annual concerts at Carnegie Hall in New York City. People began to listen to jazz in the same way that they had always listened to classical music.

　　56．What is the main purpose of the passage?

　　A．To compare jazz to other types of music. B．To criticize jazz musicians and their music.

　　C．To describe the careers of important jazz musicians in the 1930’s.

　　D．To trace the development of jazz in the United States.

　　57．It can be inferred from the passage that Louis Armstrong went to Chicago for which of the following reasons?

　　A．to form his own band. B．To learn to play Chicago-style jazz.

　　C．To play in Joseph Oliver’s band.

　　D．To make recordings with the Hot Five.

　　58．According to the passage, which of the following Black bands was the first to make a significant set of jazz recordings?

　　A．The hot Sevsn band. B．Fletcher Henderson’s band.

　　C．The red hot Peppers band. D．King Oliver’s Creole Jazz Band.

　　59．The passage supports which of the following conclusions?

　　A．By the 1930’s jazz was appreciated by a wide audience.

　　B．Classical music had a great hit on jazz.

　　C．Jazz was born in New Orleans in the early 19th century.

　　D．Jazz bands were better known in Europe than in the United States.

　　61．Which of the following cities is NOT mentioned in the passage as a center of Jazz?

　　A．New York B．Washton, D. C C．Chicago D．New Orleans

　　B

　　A new project is being set up to discover the best ways of sorting and separating rubbish. When this project is completed, rubbish will be processed(處理) like this: First, it will pass through sharp metal spikes(尖狀物) which will tear open the plastic bags in which rubbish is usually packed; then it will pass through a powerful fan to separate the lightest elements from the heavy solids; after that crushers and rollers will break up everything that can be broken. Finally, the rubbish will pass under magnets(磁鐵) which will remove the bits of iron and steel; the rubber and plastic will be then sorted out in the final stage.

　　The first full- scale giant recycling plants are, perhaps, years away. But in some big industrial areas, where rubbish has been dumped for so long that there are no holes to fill up with rubbish, these new automatic recycling plants may be built sooner. Indeed, with the growing cost of transporting rubbish to more distant dumps, some big cities will be forced to build their own recycling plants before long.

　　61．Crushers and rollers are used to __________-

　　A．remove the sharp metal objects B．reduce items to small pieces

　　C．separate the light elements D．tear open the plastic bags

　　62．Among the problems big cities are facing, the basic one is that ________.

　　A．there are too many holes

　　B．there is a labor shortage

　　C．moving rubbish to faraway dumps is too costly

　　D．finding a new way for recycling is difficult

　　C

　　Every animal is a living radiator(散熱器)－heat formed in its cells is given off through its skin. Warm-blooded animals maintain a steady temperature by constantly replacing lost surface heat; smaller animals, which have more skin for every ounce of body weight, must produce heat faster than bigger ones. Because smaller animals burn fuel faster, scientists say that they live faster.

　　The speed at which an animal lives is determined by measuring the rate at which it uses oxygen. A chicken, for example, uses one-half cubic centimeter of oxygen every hour for each gram it weighs. The tiny shrew uses four cubic centimeters of oxygen every hour for each gram it weighs. Because it uses oxygen eight times as fast, it is said that the mouselike shrew is living eight times as fast as the chicken. The smallest of the warm-blooded creatures, the hummingbird, lives a hundred times as fast as an elephant.

　　There is a limit to how small a warm-blooded animal can be. A mammal or bird that weighted only two and a half grams would starve to death. It would burn up its food too rapidly and would not be able to eat fast enough to supply more fuel.

　　63．Warm-blooded animals maintain a steady temperature by ________.

　　A．regulating the amount of heat produced

　　B．storing heat in their body cells

　　C．controlling the amount of heat given off

　　D．constantly replacing lost surface heat

　　64．The speed at which an animal lives is determined by measuring __________.

　　A．the amount of food it eats

　　B．the rate at which it uses oxygen

　　C．the amount of oxygen it uses D．its body temperature

　　65．The amount of oxygen an animal uses depends on _________.

　　A．its body weight

　　B．the food it eats

　　C．its general size and shape D．the length of time it lives

　　66．Form the selection, we can infer that __________.

　　A．the hummingbird lives faster than any other warm-blooded creature

　　B．there is no limit as to how large a warm-blooded animal can be.

　　C．small animals have less skin for their body weight than large ones .

　　D．the hummingbird is the smallest animal in the world.

　　D

　　Children have their own rules in playing games. They seldom need a referee(裁判) and rarely trouble to keep scores. They don’t care much about who wins or loses, and it doesn’t seem to worry them if the game is not finished. Yet, they like games that depend a lot on luck, so that their personal abilities cannot be directly compared. They also enjoy games that move in stages, in which each stage, the choosing of leaders, the picking-up of sides, or the determining of which side shall start, is a game in itself.

　　Grown-ups can hardly find children’s games exciting, and they often feel puzzled at why their kids play such simple games again and again. However, it is found that a child plays games for very important reasons. He can be a good player without having to think whether he is a popular person, and he can find himself being a useful partner to someone of whom he is ordinarily afraid. He becomes a leader when it comes to his turn. He can be confident, too, in particular games, that it is his place to give orders, to pretend to be dead, to throw a ball actually at someone, or to kiss some one he has caught.

　　It appears to us that when children play a game they imagine a situation under their control. Everyone knows the rules, and, more importantly, everyone plays according to the rules. Those rules may be childish, but they make sure that every child has a chance to win.

　　67．What is true about children when they play games?

　　A．They can stop playing at any time they like.

　　B．They can test their personal abilities.

　　C．They want to pick a better team.

　　D．They don’t need rules.

　　68．To become a leader in a game the child has to __________.

　　A．play well

　　B．wait for his turn

　　C．be confident in himself D．be popular among his playmates

　　69．What do we know about grown-ups?

　　A．They are not interested in games.

　　B．They find children’s games easy.

　　C．They don’t need a reason to play games.

　　D．They don’t understand children’s games.

　　70．Why does a child like playing games?

　　A．Because he can be someone other than himself.

　　B．Because he can become popular among friends.

　　C．Because he finds he is always lucky in games.

　　D．Because he likes the place where he places a game.

　　71．The writer believes that _________.

　　A．children should make better rules for their games

　　B．children should invite grown-ups to play with them

　　C．children’s games can do them a lot of good D．children play games without reasons

　　E

　　After the age of sixteen, the number of brain cells begins to decrease at a speed of several million a year. They simply die off. We know that in certain types of activity, the human brain is at its peak(高峰) in the early twenties, when it has collected enough information to be able to use the vast number of cells freely in the most effective way. Pure mathematics is one of the fields in which this happens, and we know that Albert Einstein made all his world-shaking discoveries between the

　　age of about 20 and 25, and spent the rest of his life tidying them up and arranging them.

　　But in certain other types of activity (of which being an author is perhaps one) experience is more important than sharpness of brain, and there one usually finds that a person reaches his or her peak much later in life.

　　Besides sharpness of brain and experience, here is another thing that is very important; and that is wisdom; one can have a very quick, inventive brain and plenty of experience, but if one uses these foolishly, one harms both oneself and others. Wisdom does not always come with age－there are plenty of foolish middle－aged people about－but the average person tends to learn wisdom as he gets older, usually by making painful of embarrassing mistakes.

　　Leaning to be wise is basically learning what is not possible; and what is possible but so difficult that it is not worth all the trouble one has to go through go get there. Mostly, it is learning about human nature; how real people behave and react, as against how one would like them to behave and react. One can read and hear lot of idealistic stuff(空想的東西) about how to make the world a better place, which would be found if it was based on an accurate (準確) observation of human nature, but which is basically a waste of time because it is not.

　　72．According to the writer, the great discoveries made by Albert Einstein were mainly a result in __________.

　　A．years of hard work

　　B．sharpness of the brain

　　C．rich experience

　　D．his deep understanding of the nuture

　　73．Some people achieve success much later in life because ______.

　　A.their work often requires much experience

　　B．they do not have a chance to show their talent

　　C．they have to learn lessons from failures

　　D．they fail to realize earlier the importance of hard work

　　74．The importance of wisdom lies in the fact that __________.

　　A．it helps to avoid various mistakes

　　B．it contributes to one’s creativity

　　C．it encourages one to go forward in face of difficulty

　　D．it provides the right direction of efforts

　　75．The writer came to believe that ________.

　　A．it is always a waste of time to make plans about the future

　　B．it is human nature to make attempts on what looks impossible

　　C．one should always challenge the impossible to push the society forward

　　D．one has to use wisdom in deciding what is the best thing to do

　　閱讀理解訓練題（四十三）答案

　　56-60DCDAB

　　61-65BCDBA

　　66-70AABBA

　　71-75CBADD