4.lack vt.缺乏，沒有 n.缺乏，不足；短缺的東西

　　[高考例句](2024·四川，閱讀D)Lack of sleep could put the birds' health at risk.

　　睡眠不足會使鳥類的健康處于危險中。 (1)lack sth 缺乏/少某物(沒有被動語態)

　　(2)(a) lack of...缺乏…… for/through lack of 因缺乏…… (3)lacking adj.缺少的，不足的(不置于名詞前) be lacking in sth 缺少某物 ①More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities ________ lack of space.

　　因缺乏空間，大城市里已經建起了越來越多的高樓大廈。 ②It's not that exercise makes you healthy，it's more that a lack ________ exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease.

　　并不是鍛煉使你健康，更應該是缺乏鍛煉造成你的身體虛弱，容易遭受疾病的侵襲。 ③Because she was lacking ________ training，she was afraid of making an exhibition of herself.

　　她因缺乏訓練而擔心會出洋相。 答案　①for　②of　③in 5.access

　　n.接近或進入之路；(使用或見到的)機會/權利

　　[教材原句]The thing about being a teacher is that you have access to children's minds when they are open and eager to learn.

　　作為老師，你可以在孩子們心靈頓開、渴望學習時走進他們的思想。 (1)access to 進入……，與……會面 gain/obtain/get/have access to 有權進入……，有權使用……

　　(2)accessible adj.易到達的，易接近的 be accessible to 對……而言容易接近的；容易進入的 ①The only ____________ the town is across the bridge.

　　到鎮上唯一的通路是經過一座橋。 ②As her private secretary, he ____________ all her correspondence.

　　他是她的私人秘書，能接觸到她所有的信件。 ③Medicine should not be kept where it is ________(access)to children.

　　藥物不應放在容易被小孩拿到的地方。 答案　①access to　②has access to　③accessible 6.worthwhile adj.值得努力的

　　[教材原句]And if what I do as a teacher can help turn a child like Graham into such a successful adult，then I know what I'm doing is worthwhile.

　　如果我作為老師所做的能夠幫助將一個像格雷厄姆這樣的孩子變成一個如此成功的成年人，那么我知道我所做的一切都是值得的。 ①It is worthwhile ________________(spend)money developing children's interest in music.

　　花錢培養孩子在音樂方面的興趣是值得的。 【辨析比較】　worthwhile/worth/worthy

　　worthwhile 表示花時間做某事是“值得的”，作表語、補語或定語 Worth (1)接價值數量詞，意為“值……”，結構為sth be worth＋價值 (2)表示“值得”，后接名詞、代詞或動名詞，結構為sth be worth sth/it/doing；接動名詞時，doing和sth構成動賓關系，意為“某事值得做”，不接不定式，不用被動式 (3)表示“很值得”時，在worth前加well worthy 表示“值得的”，其結構主要有： (1)sth be worthy of sth (2)sth be worthy of being done (3)sth be worthy to be done 選擇以上單詞填空 ②What has just happened is well ________ focusing on.It is also ________ of being thought about by everyone present.Is it ________ to spend so much money on a wedding？We don't think it is ________ it at all.

　　剛才發生的事值得關注。這件事也值得在座的每一個人思考。花這么多錢在婚禮上值得嗎？我們認為根本不值。 答案　①to spend/spending　②worth; worthy；worth-while；worth 7.acquire v.獲得，得到，取得

　　[教材原句]It seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and understanding.

　　我們如何獲取和理解知識現在好像是顯而易見的。 (1)acquire a knowledge of...學會…… acquire a habit of...養成……的習慣 acquire a taste for...開始喜歡上…… (2)acquisition n. [U]獲得；取得；可得；[C]獲得物 ①I've never really acquired a taste ________ wine.

　　我從來沒有真正喜歡過酒。 ②We want people to ________________ using public transport instead of their cars.

　　我們希望人們養成使用公共交通而不是私家車的習慣。 答案　①for　②acquire the habit of 8.approve v.贊成；認可；滿意

　　[朗文例句]President Obama said he hoped to get the Congress to approve the treaty.

　　奧巴馬總統稱，他希望美國國會將通過這個協議。 (1)approve of 贊成，贊許 approve of sb doing sth 同意某人做某事 (2)approval n.[U]贊成；批準 meet with one's approval 得到某人的同意 ①She would never do anything that was not approved ________ by her parents.

　　她從來不會做父母不贊成的事情。 ②He showed his ________(approve)by smiling.

　　他用微笑表示贊成。 答案　①of　②approval 【名師點津】　approve作“批準”講時，常用作及物動詞；作“贊成”講時，用作不及物動詞，與of搭配，即approve of。 9.urge vt.力勸；催促；強烈要求n.強烈的欲望，沖動

　　[教材原句]At first，people approved of his studies and urged him to continue，but later when he proved Aristotle wrong，they grew angry and put him in prison.

　　起初，人們贊同他的研究并鼓勵他繼續進行，但是當他證實亞里士多德是錯誤的時候，他們就生氣了，把他關進了監獄。 (1)

　　強烈要求某人做某事

　　urge sth on/upon sb 向某人強調某事 urge that sb(should) do sth 力勸某人做某事 (2)urgent adj.緊急的，緊迫的 (3)urgency n. 緊急的事 ①The coach urged us ________(stay) in shape over summer vacation.

　　教練敦促我們在暑假保持良好的身體狀態。 ②The UN urged that Syria ________(stop)violence immediately and go back to the negotiating table.

　　聯合國敦促敘利亞應立即停止暴力行為，回到談判桌上來。 答案　①to stay　②(should) stop 10.adapt v.使適應；改編，改造

　　[教材原句]For a start，it would be hard adapting to a new culture.

　　首先，適應一種新文化是會很難的。 (1)adapt (oneself) to 適應 adapt sth for sth 改編為；使某事物適應或適合 be adapted from 由……改編 (2)adaptation n. 適應，改編(本) ①The TV series Red Sorghum ________(adapt) from Mo Yan's novel of the same name.

　　電視劇《紅高粱》是根據莫言的同名小說改編的。 ②When you go to a new country，you must adapt ________(you)to new manners and customs.

　　當你到一個新的國家時，你必須使自己適應新的禮儀和風俗習慣。 答案　①is adapted　②yourself [一言串記]The film is adapted from his story.It mainly tells us his quick adaptation to the new environment，and in fact at first he thought he couldn't adapt himself to the changed environment. 這部電影是根據他的故事改編的，它主要告訴我們的是他快速適應新環境的能力，事實上，他原認為他不能使自己適應變化了的環境。 [短 語 點 撥] 1.lay off 裁員；解雇；停止

　　[教材原句]Three months ago，when my manager told me that I would be laid off，my mind went blank and my heart swelled with anger.

　　三個月前，當經理告訴我將被解雇時，我的大腦一片空白，心里充滿了憤怒。 ①Provincial government has decided to lay ________ the agriculture tax on the areas hit by the flood and torrential rains.

　　省政府決定免去被洪水和暴雨襲擊地區的農業稅。 ②You'd better lay off ________(smoke)for your health for a while.

　　為了你的健康這會兒你最好不要吸煙。 答案　①off　②smoking lay sb off 解雇某人 lay off sb 解雇某人；停止打擾某人 lay off sth 停止使用某物 lay off doing sth 停止做某事 2.aside from 除……之外

　　[教材原句]And aside from emailing，it's fun to see and talk to my grandchildren in the US on the i-Cam.

　　除了發電子郵件，能在網絡眼上看到我在美國的孫輩并與之交談也很有意思。 (1)aside from＝apart from ＝except (for) 除……之外(別無) (2)aside from＝apart from＝besides 除……之外(尚有) (3)except that 除了…… in addition to 除了……之外還 ①Everything is quiet，____________ the occasional sound of a car in the distance.

　　除了遠處偶爾有汽車的聲響外，四周一片寂靜。 ②The essay is well written ________ few spelling mistakes.

　　除了幾處拼寫錯誤外，這篇文章寫得很好。 答案　①aside from/except　②aside from/except for 3.set off 出發；動身；(使)爆炸，引爆；燃放；引起

　　[教材原句]I remember that he let me pour some powder into the rocket and then another student lit a flame to set it off.

　　我記得他讓我把一些粉末倒入火箭，然后讓另一個學生點火使火箭發射出去。

　　寫出下列句中set off的含義

　　①The first atom bomb was set off over Hiroshima.

　　__________ ②That jumper sets off the blue of her eyes.

　　____________ ③If you want to catch that train，you'd better set of for the station

　　Immediately

　　__________ ④If you drop a lighted cigarette，you could

　　set off a fire. ____________ set off/out (for) 出發/動身(去……) set about doing sth ＝set out to do sth 著手/開始做某事 set up 建立 ⑤He set about doing his homework after supper every day.

　　＝He set out ________(do)his homework after supper every day.

　　每天晚飯后他開始做家庭作業。 答案　①爆炸　②襯托　③出發　④引起　⑤to do [句 式 透 析] 1.[教材原句]I decided that it was time I became an Internet user.

　　我覺得該是我成為因特網用戶的時候了。

　　本句中含有“It's(high/about)time that”句式，意為“到做某事的時候了”。其中從句的謂語動詞要用動詞的過去式或者“should＋動詞原形”的虛擬語氣，但should不可省略。 It's time(for sb)to do sth (某人)該做某事了 It's time for sth該……，到……的時候了 It is/was the first/second time that＋現在完成時/過去完成時 ①I think that it is (high) time that you ____________ (make)up your mind to study.

　　我認為到了你下決心學習的時候了。 ②It is the first time that I ____________ (visit)the Bird's Nest.

　　這是我第一次參觀鳥巢。 答案　①should make/made　② have visited 2. [教材原句]Sometimes I wish I could phone him and ask for his opinion!

　　有時我真希望能給他打個電話問問他的意見。

　　wish后跟從句時常用虛擬語氣，表達不太現實或不太可能實現的愿望。

　　①____________ fly to the moon one day.

　　我希望有一天我能飛到月球上去。 ②Everyone wishes we ____________(have) a more harmonious society.

　　大家都希望有一個更加和諧的社會。 ③I wish I ____________ (be)a bird flying in the sky.

　　我希望我是一只在空中翱翔的小鳥。 ④She wished she ____________(waste)so much time.

　　她后悔的是她當時要是不浪費那么多時間就好了。 答案　①I wish I could　②would have　③were

　　④hadn't wasted Ⅰ.核心單詞→識記·思考·運用 一、單詞拼寫 1.*(2024·廣東，閱讀C)It's important to ____________(辨別)television's influences on children from those of the family. 2.He made a _____________(保守的) guess at the population of London. distinguish conservative 3.The memory of his mother ________(啟發) him to write his greatest poetry. 4.She __________(簡化) the instructions so that the children could understand them. 5.*He __________(懷疑) that the woman staying in the flat above was using heroin. 6.You must work hard to ________(獲得) a good command of a foreign language. inspired simplified suspected acquire 7.The poor family ________(缺乏) the money to send his son to university. 8.(2024·四川，閱讀C) The sacrifices mothers make are huge but ____________(值得的). 9.It was ____________(挑選) as the site for a monument. 10.We think he was once an _____________(杰出的)sportsman. lacked worthwhile selected outstanding 二、用所給詞的適當形式填空 1.To be proud of learning is the greatest ___________(ignore). 2.This book is easily ___________(access)to the young reader. 3.(2024·陜西，閱讀C)Always read the ____________(instruct) on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine. 4.The thief was sent to prison as a _______________(punish). ignorance accessible instructions punishment 5.It is generally ____________(assumption) that stress is caused by too much work. 6.The movie is ____________(adaptation) from the same novel of the same name. 7.(2024·天津，閱讀D)What was especially important for Tim's successful _____________(defend)in the football game? 8.*They ____________our helping for that and this____________ seemed not to be enough.(appreciation) assumed adapted defence appreciated appreciation 9.The principal ________ the teachers should attend the___________ meeting at once.(urge) 10.Everyone knows the ________ of learning English and if you work hard，it will be ________ to your future career.(beneficial) urged urgent benefit beneficial 三、開心詞場

　　The TV series play The legend of Concubine Zhen Huan is adapted from the novel of the same name.Many people especially women say it is worthwhile to watch the play.To my surprise，my mother urged that my elder sister should watch it，because she assumed that if my sister didn't watch it，she would have no access to social skills.However，my mother instructed that I shouldn't watch it，because I lack the ability of self－control.She also suspected that I would be absorbed in it and it would affect my study. 【聯想·積累】 ?“辨別；區分”家族 ①distinguish between...and...區分/辨別……和…… ②distinguish...from...使……有別于…… ③tell the difference between...and...區分/辨別……和…… ④tell...from...區分/辨別……和…… ?“信”“不信”由你 ①belief n.相信；信任；信念 ②faith n. 信任；信念；誠意；信仰 ③convince v.使確信；使信服 ④suspect vi.& vt.懷疑；猜想 n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑分子 ⑤reliable adj.可靠的；可信賴的 ⑥unbelievable adj.不可相信的；難以置信的 ?詞匯拓展 ①suspect vt.懷疑 n.嫌疑犯 adj.可疑的→suspicious adj.可疑的→suspicion n.懷疑，嫌疑 ②simplify vt.簡化→simple adj.簡單的，易懂的 ③qualification n.資格，資歷→qualify v.使具有資格，取得執照→qualified adj.合格的，稱職的 ④instruct vt.教導，指導→instruction n.教育，指導→instructive adj.有益的；有教育意義的 ⑤inspire v.鼓舞，鼓勵→inspiration n.靈感，給予鼓舞(激勵)之人/事→inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的 Ⅱ.重點短語→識記·思考·運用 一、補全短語 1.aside ________ 除……之外 2.________ a whole 總的來說 3.________ a certain extent 在某種程度上 4.tend ________ 傾向于，經常做 5.*frankly ________ 老實說，說實話 6.________ conclusion 最后，總之 from as to to speaking in 二、短語填空 *lay off；approve of；be accustomed to；set off；go up；go blank；switch off；put

　　Forward 1.Don't worry，you'll soon __________________ living in the countryside. 2.It is said that prices of oil will ____________ next week. 3.Plans have been ____________ to pull down and rebuild the area. be accustomed to go up put forward 4.My father was ____________ last year and since then he has been doing part-time jobs. 5.A teller from home ____________ an attack of homesickness. 6.My brain ____________ when I came across a difficult question during the exam. 7.Be sure to ____________ the light when you leave the office.

　　8.I ____________ your using my car，but you must return it on time. laid off set off went blank switch off approved of 【聯想·積累】 ?“說”也不同 ①relatively speaking 相對而言 ②frankly speaking 坦白說，老實說 ③generally speaking 一般來說 ④roughly speaking 粗略地說 ⑤comparatively speaking 相對地說 ⑥strictly speaking 嚴格地說 ⑦honestly speaking 誠實地說 ?lay短語集釋 ①lay down 放下；中斷(工作)；制定 ②lay aside 把……放在一邊 ③lay up 貯存 ④lay out 展開；布置；花費 ⑤lay off 裁員；解雇 Ⅲ.經典句式→識記·思考·運用 1.*Now I'm about to graduate from the School of Continuing Education at Qinghua University with a Bachelor's Degree in Computer Engineering by distance learning.(be about to do...“正要做……”)

　　如今通過遠程教育我就要從清華大學繼續教育學院畢業了，并會獲得該院計算機工程學的學士學位。

　　[仿寫]One day，I ________________________________ he telephoned me.

　　一天，我正要去買東西時，他打電話找我。 was about to do some shopping when 2.I decided that it was time I became an Internet user.(It's time that...“是……的時候了”，that 可省略) 我覺得該是我成為因特網用戶的時候了。

　　[仿寫]It's time that _________________________ to protect the world's rare animals.

　　是我們采取措施保護世界上稀有動物的時候了。 we took/should take measures 3.*So many people think that after you retire，all you can do is switch off your brain and bury everything you've ever learnt.(不帶to的動詞不定式作表語)

　　許多人認為一旦退休，你所能做的事就是把大腦關閉，把你曾經所學的東西埋掉。

　　[仿寫]As far as I'm concerned,all we can do is ________________.

　　在我看來，我們所能做的一切就是耐心地等待。 just wait patiently 4.Sometimes I wish I could phone him and ask for his opinion！(wish后的從句常用虛擬語氣)

　　有時我真希望能給他打個電話問問他的意見。

　　[仿寫]I wish that everything in nature ________________ each other.

　　我希望自然界的一切能和諧共處。 could fit in with 【聯想·積累】 ?be about to 常和并列連詞when連用，when作并列連詞的常用句型 ①be about to do...when...正打算……這時…… ②had just done...when...剛做了……這時…… ③be on the point of doing...when...正要做……這時…… ④be doing...when...正在做……這時…… ?不帶to的動詞不定式作表語的情況 句3中all 后面是省略了that的定語從句，當前面有實義動詞do的某種形式時，be后用不帶to的動詞不定式作表語。 Ⅳ.單元語法→識記·思考·運用 虛擬語氣 單句語法填空 1.If she ___________(be) here this evening，we _____________