專題訓練卷(七) 高中新課標總復習(第二輪)·英語

　　專題訓練卷(七)

　　(1)(10 min.)

　　It's strange that a man born on Labor Day has had to work so hard to succeed in life. Jacob seems like a normal person. He likes music, art and photography. His parents both got college degrees. He used to go to a beach house in Portland every summer. He is a big fan of Mexican food. Reading these facts about him may lead to the opinion that he had a great childhood. However, behind all of these is a past that would be terrible for many kids growing up.

　　It started when he was only two years old. His parents divorced and then remarried. Going through elementary school and middle school, he was frightened a lot. This may have led to the worst thing that could have happened to a young man.

　　He developed deep depression. Doing the smart thing, he talked to his parents about his problem. His parents decided that this issue was very serious and Jacob was admitted to West Hills Hospital. He stayed there for two weeks and had his depression diagnosed. Serious insomnia caused the problem.

　　The solution was daily medication. The medication took care of Jacob's depression problem. However, it contained a substance with lithium(鋰). The side effect he suffered from lithium was that he got spoonfuls of sugar and ate it with anything else that was on his plate. This led to a weight gain of 25 pounds while he was on medication. So he decided he had to lose some weight and stop the medication.

　　Now he has lost a big part of the weight and he has managed to solve his problem he had in high school. Now he is a happy human being.

　　Many people would have had a very hard time coming back from depression. Many people probably would have given up their dreams. But Jacob is not like this. He took what was a mess of his life and turned it around to become a great man and a person with a very bright future.

　　1. When was Jacob possibly born according to the passage? (No more than 3 words)

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　　2. Why did Jacob suffer from deep depression? (No more than 4 words)

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　　3. How did Jacob gain the weight of 25 pounds while on medication? (No more than 14 words)

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　　4. What can we know from Jacob's story? (No more than 10 words)

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　　(2)(10 min.)

　　For 800 years Oxford and Cambridge universities have competed in everything from Nobel Prizes to boat races. The academic competition runs deep: Oxford has tutored 25 British prime ministers, while Cambridge claims Darwin and Newton as its own. But today the well-known universities launch into battle on iTunes, taking their ancient competition into the 21st century.

　　The universities are meanwhile publishing about 450 hours of free audio and video clips of lectures, films and admissions guides for people to download to a computer or MP3 player. They will also provide podcasts(播客)advising students on applications, how to choose a college, and how to prepare for an interview.

　　They deny the launch at the same time is designed to start an iTunes race, instead claiming it is a sign they are opening up to a wider audience. John Hood, Oxford's vice-chancellor (副校長), said: “We hope that this service will make Oxford's diverse range of audio and video material more widely accessible to applicants, alumni (校友), supporters of the university, and the intellectually curious.” And Greg Hayman, head of communications at Cambridge, claims: “It's not just for students and potential students but for the wider public.”

　　However, it will undoubtedly invite accusations(譴責) of a new battleground for the famous rivals(競爭對手). After_eight_centuries_the_competition_between_them_is_fairly_even:_Oxford has produced more prime ministers but Cambridge claims more Nobel Prize winners. So who is the winner in the wave of electronic competition? Let's wait and see.

　　1. What battle do the two well-known universities launch into? (No more than 4 words)

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　　2. What do they claim the launch is intended for? (No more than 7 words)

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　　3. What does the underlined sentence “After eight centuries the competition between them is fairly even” mean? (No more than 8 words)

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　　4. What is the passage mainly meant to tell us? (No more than 12 words)

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　　(3)(10 min.)

　　According to one study, words send only 7 percent of a person's message. Intonation (語調) and voice quality communicate 38 percent, and nonverbal(not using or involving words) cues (暗示) transmit a large 55 percent. That means people pick up more from nonverbal communication than from the words a person says. When studying a foreign culture then, it just makes sense to pay attention to how people use nonverbal cues.

　　Gestures consist of a major form of nonverbal communication. But often these gestures are culture-bound. For example, when the Maoris of New Zealand stick out (伸出) their tongue at someone, it is a sign of respect. When American schoolchildren make the same gesture, it means just the opposite. Also, Americans often indicate “OK” with their thumb and fore-finger touching to form a circle. The same gesture means “money” to the Japanese and “zero” to the French. For that reason, people in a foreign culture must use gestures with caution.

　　Another part of nonverbal communication is the one that you might not think about — space. When someone comes too close, he feels uncomfortable. When he knocks into someone, he feels obligated (有義務的) to apologize. But the size of a person's “comfort zone” varies, depending on his cultural or ethnic origin. For example, in casual conversation, many Americans stand about four feet apart. People in Latin or Arabic cultures, instead, stand very close to each other and touch each other often.

　　Considering the effects of nonverbal communication, we never really stop communicating. How we walk, how we stand and how we use our hands all send a message to others. That's why it's possible to “read someone like a book”.

　　1. How does an American feel when an Arab stands too close to him? (No more than 3 words)

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　　2. What does the gesture “OK” mean in Japan? (No more than 3 words)

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　　3. Why do we pay more attention to nonverbal cues in a foreign country？(No more than 10 words)

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　　4. Why should people in a foreign culture must use gestures with caution？(No more than 10 words)

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　　(4)(10 min.)

　　Celebrate Earth Day

　　April 22 is Earth Day — a time of year when special attention is paid to environmental issues. It is an important day to the people of my home state of Oregon. Oregon is filled with thick green forests, and its residents are often actively involved in preserving its natural beauty.

　　I recently had the chance to interview Michael Carrier, Oregon's National Resource Policy Director, about the significance of Earth Day in our state. “Salmon(鱸魚) are very important to Oregon，” said Carrier. He explained that Oregon is devoted to maintaining its salmon population, and has issued special license plates with a salmon design. The plates have raised more than $2 million for the Oregon Parks and Recreation Department (OPRD). According to Carrier, the OPRD invests thousands of dollars every year in numerous projects designed to improve salmon life, such as restoring streams to make them fish-friendly.

　　When I asked about how kids could help the environment, Carrier responded that it is important for us to learn about environmental issues, and to keep up with new developments. He also suggested another way that young people can set to work. “Kids can help by recycling，” said Carrier.

　　Oregon will host several activities to celebrate Earth Day this year. The Oregon Gardens is the site for an educational event for environmental activists and community leaders. Many Oregonians will get in on the Earth Day action by volunteering to help clean up part of their communities. For some places, like the Oregon Zoo, Earth Day is every day, with special programs that encourage people to recycle throughout the year.

　　Remember — you can do your part to help the environment. So this Earth Day, get out of the house, sign up for some earth-friendly activities, and have fun!

　　1. When is Earth Day? (No more than 3 words)

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　　2. Find a word in the passage closest in meaning to the underlined word “preserving”.

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　　3. In order to improve salmon life, the OPRD invests much every year. What's the result of the efforts? (No more than 8 words)

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　　4. What does the author advise children to do to celebrate this Earth Day? (No more than 6 words)

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　　(5)(10 min.)

　　When making decisions about land use, some say that human should come before animal needs in any case. While I agree that human needs should have primary consideration, humans have a responsibility to protect the land of animals.

　　Animals adapt very slowly to environment changes. Many endangered animals can only live in one place, or live in some specific type of area, while humans, on the other hand, can adapt quickly to the changing and hostile environment. For instance, if people need to live in a very dry place, they can use technology to locate and drill water, or build pipelines to bring water in from outside. The residents in Xinjiang province dug underground tunnels hundreds of kilometers long to carry water to oasis towns such as Turpan. Because humans are more flexible while many animals are not, people should make an effort to use up all available spaces before encroaching upon the habitats of animals.

　　Another important reason why people should protect animals is that the delicate ecological balance might be irreparably harmed by extinction. For example, if farmers chop down the forests and use the land to grow corn, they might simultaneously destroy their homes of a kind of bird that eats locusts. The next year the locust population can grow unchecked, and then the locusts can destroy the entire nearby corn crop. Not only do the birds lose their homes, but humans also are harmed. The ecological balance of many natural habitats is still not well understood and humans interfere in it at their peril.

　　Finally, humans can learn some valuable things from animals. One example is in the field of medicine. By observing a particular kind of monkey in south America, scientists have discovered that the monkeys eat a kind of plant when they get sick, through researching, the scientists found out that this specific plant also has medicinal value for humans. If the monkey's habitat had been destroyed to create more farmland, not only would we lose the monkeys and the plants, but we would also lose life-saving medicines and the potential for medical research.

　　To ensure a better world for both the humans and the animals, we have no time to waste and actions should be taken right now.

　　1. What is the main idea of the passage？(No more than 6 words)

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　　2. Why can humans adapt to the environment changes quickly and easily？(No more than 6 words)

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　　3. According to the passage, what benefits may animals bring to us humans？(No more than 10 words)

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　　4. Why does the writer write this passage？(No more than 8 words)

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　　(6)(10 min.)

　　(長沙一中2024屆高三第一次月考)

　　Although many Chinese students say that their knowledge of English grammar is good, most would admit that their spoken English is poor. Whenever I speak to Chinese students they always say, “My spoken English is poor, ” However, their spoken English does not have to remain “poor”. I would like to suggest that there may be some reasons for their problems with spoken English.

　　First, they fail to find suitable words to express themselves due to a limited vocabulary. Obviously the better answer is to expand their vocabulary. However, you can speak with a limited vocabulary, if your attitude is positive. Others will follow you as long as you use the words that you know.

　　Second, they are afraid of making mistakes. Sometimes they make mistakes when they are speaking because they are shy and nervous. Yet students should remember that their goal should be FLUENCY NOT ACCURACY. Your aim in writing is to be accurate following the rules for grammar and using the right words and spelling them correctly. However, in speaking, your aim is fluency. You want to get your message across, to talk to someone in English as quickly and well as you can even though sometimes you may use a wrong word or tense. But it doesn't matter because the person you are speaking to will understand you and make allowances for any mistakes he hears.

　　The third reason is that not enough attention is paid to listening. You have one mouth but two ears! All that hearing is necessary for you to start speaking.

　　Fourth, most Chinese students are reactive rather than proactive language learners. Instead of actively seeking out opportunities to improve their spoken English they passively wait for speaking opportunities to come to them and wonder why their English always remains poor. If you have this proactive outlook, then you will see English opportunities wherever you go.

　　If you do not use your English beyond the classroom you will forget that English you know. Remember: USE IT OR LOSE IT! You can learn how to speak English better by speaking English more.

　　1. According to the passage, what do many Chinese students think of their English？(No more than 12 words)

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　　2. Why can't some Chinese students find suitable words to express themselves? (No more than 6 words)

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　　3. According to the writer, what should be the goal when you talk with others in English? (No more than 1 word)

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　　4. By “proactive language learners”， what does the writer mean? (No more than 12 words)

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