高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 第一部分 基礎(chǔ)考點(diǎn)聚焦 Unit1 Great scientists單元檢測同步探源 新人教版必修5

　　Ⅰ.閱讀理

　　(2024·安徽省高三皖西四校聯(lián)考)When Alfred Nobel created the prizes that bear his name to a dead man.

　　It is a complex story，one that could not have been foreseen when Nobel，the Swedish inventor，died in 1896.But it all traces back to his will，written at a time when international prizes were an original idea.

　　Nobel did not say why he wanted to reward scientists who “made the most important discovery” during the previous year.One can guess that he wanted to reward present-day innovation and not to give tombstone awards to Galileo，Hippocrates，and other scientists from centuries past.

　　But will and science often got involved.The one-year timing proved impractical；scientific findings generally need to be testede award be given only to living people；that rule was made formal in the 1970s.But the rule against posthumous awards has now been violated several times—most recently this monthkefeller University，who died three days before his election.His discovery，called dendritic cells，took place in 1973.

　　The first posthumous winner was the poet Erik Karlfeldt.Karlfeldt had refused his selection in 1918 because he was a longtime member of the Swedish Nobel Academy.When he was selected again in 1931，he had died that April.

　　What happens if a candidate dies? The Nobel Foundation might consider changes at its next meeting.One possibility would be to withhold (阻止) the announcement of an award until a Nobel official hears the 【文章大意】　諾貝爾獎是一個國際獎項用來獎勵前一年在科學(xué)上取得重大發(fā)現(xiàn)的人。諾貝爾基金會明確說明這個獎項只頒給活著的人但科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)需要時間來檢驗(yàn)。諾貝爾獎能頒給死去的人嗎？或許諾貝爾獎需要一些變1．What did Alfred Nobel create the prizes for?

　　A．To make himself remembered forever.

　　B．To attract international attention to Sweden.

　　C．To encourage contributions to mankind.

　　D．To honor some dead outstanding discoverers.

　　解選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“he decided that they be given for work done in the previous year.”和第三段中的“One can guess that he wanted to reward present-day innovation”可知創(chuàng)立諾貝爾獎的目的就是獎勵其所在時代的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)或重大成就。ion tries to break his will.

　　C．Nobel’s fortune is not well managed.

　　D．Candidates are hard to be selected worldwide.

　　解析：選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“The one-year timing proved impracticalscientific findings generally need to be tested，sometimes for decades，before their value is appreciated.”可知答案。he Nobel Academy failed to perform their duty.

　　D．The winner should live a very long life.

　　解析：選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)上文可知諾貝爾獎規(guī)定只頒發(fā)給健在的科學(xué)家可是這一年的諾貝爾醫(yī)學(xué)獎頒發(fā)給了已經(jīng)去世的Ralph M．SteinmanErik Karlfeldt，這兩個例子足以說明諾貝爾獎的一些規(guī)定需要改革。According to the last paragraph，the Nobel Prize is announced to the winner________．B．through a visit解析：選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段最后一句話中的“until a Nobel official hears the winner’s voice on the famous notification calls”可知答案。七選五補(bǔ)缺題(2024·河南六市高中畢業(yè)班第二次聯(lián)合考試)Doctors Say Most Heart Disease Preventable

　　Heart disease is the number one killer，worldwide，of men and women over the age of 60.But people of all ages die of heart attacks each year.And while death rates have declined in the U．S.and many western European countries________

　　No one would have guessed that Barbara Teng would have a heart attack.She was not overweight.She did not smoke or exercise.“In 2004，the week after I turned 49，when I was on a business trip in Chicago，I had a major heart attack，” she said.2.________ She now exercises daily，and monitors her heart health.

　　Dr.Patrice Nickens，who is with the National Heart，Lung and Blood Institute，thinks that heart disease is 82 percent preventable.“3.________” she said，“Men are also facing the same problem，and the key to staying healthy is knowing your numbers”．________

　　“And the steps to take are simple: don’t smoke，maintain a healthy weight，exercise，know your numbers and talk to your physician and control these risks，” she said.

　　African-Americans are at higher-than-average risk for heart disease and stroke；people don’t even know they have itcreases the risk.Medstar Washington Hospital Center is trying to reach this population.5.________For example，helping the people monitor their blood pressure.If people realize they are at risk for heart disease，the’ll make lifestyle changes: lose weight，exercise，eat the right foods and keep in touch with a doctor.

　　A．A healthy lifestyle can prevent heart disease.

　　B．So we must cure heart disease.

　　C．It is the leading cause of death for women.

　　D．With the right training，they can play an important role in community health.

　　E．And that changed her life.

　　F．Lack of exercise causes heart attacks.

　　G．Yet most heart disease is preventable.

　　答案：1～5　GECAD完形填空(2024·陜西省咸陽市高考模擬)Nowadays easy being a teenager，nor is it easy being a parent.Parents are __1__advice for their children on what to learn，but when it comes to __2__ to live，as a matter of fact，they often have __3__to say.As a result，children may grow up with good manners and much __4__，but without any idea how to

　　__5__ their life.Here are some basics to help.

　　Firstly，build proper relationships.“No man is an island.”So __6__ with friends will have a sense of belonging and not __7__from loneliness，whose ill effects have been __8__ among the elderly.If the young are surrounded by friends and relatives，they are more __9__ to recover from their illnesses.

　　Then，try to be honest.Children must be taught to stay honest.It takes courage and training to be honest when people are getting away with cheating and __10__ all around.

　　Be __11__ of money.Explain to children that credit cards

　　must be used __12__and that when buying something using a

　　credit card，they can easily end up paying two or three times

　　more than in cash.Suppose your child __13__ a new bicycle

　　that costs $150.__14__ paying the cash，give him some __15__

　　pocket money.And by putting aside $15 each week，he will be able to buy it for himself in only ten weeks.

　　Another thing to keep in mind is to expect a lot from your

　　child，but not everything，which is also __16__．So give your child space to __17__．If your child is __18____19__ to solve things by himself.At the same time，__20__ him that you’re always there for him if he seeks advice or help.

　　【文章大意】　如今當(dāng)父母不容易特別是講到“如何生活”這個話題時父母們似乎也很難講清楚本文給父母提出了一些建議。B．short of 解析：選A。在學(xué)習(xí)方面父母們對孩子有一籮筐的建議。full of“充滿”short of“短缺”；proud of“對……感到驕傲”；afraid of“對……害怕”。根據(jù)語境可知應(yīng)選A。

　　B．whether

　　解析：選D。事實(shí)上當(dāng)提到“如何(how)生活”這個話題時父母們幾乎不知道該說什么。解析：選B。參見上題解析。little表示“很少的”符合語境。4．A.knowledge

　　B．energy解析：選A。結(jié)果孩子們懂禮貌知識豐富(much knowledge)卻不知道怎么控制(manage)自己的解析：選C。參見上題解析。 save“拯救”；想象”；manage“控制”；earn“賺得”。根據(jù)語境可知答案為C。解析：選D。所以teenagers)。

　　C．learn

　　D．benefit

　　解析：選B。參見上題解析。die from“死于”；suffer from“遭受”；learn from“向……學(xué)習(xí)”；benefit from“從……受益”。根據(jù)語境可知答案為B。解析：選A。孤獨(dú)感的副作用可以從老年人身上觀察(observed)到。replace“代替”；ignore“忽略”；share“分享”。根據(jù)語境可知答案為A。解析：選C。如果年輕人被親友包圍他們就更likely)從疾病中恢復(fù)過來。difficult“困難的”；content“滿意的”；confident“自信的”。ng

　　B．a(chǎn)pologizing解析：選D。當(dāng)人們作弊和說謊(lying)卻未受到懲罰時更需要勇氣和鍛煉來保持誠實(shí)的品質(zhì)。此處用lying和前面的cheating并列。guarantee“保證”；道歉”；promise“允諾”。erous

　　D．careful解析：選D。花錢需謹(jǐn)慎。careful“小心的謹(jǐn)慎的”符合語境。aware“意識到的”；short“短缺的”；generous“慷慨的”。解析：選A。向孩子們解釋必須負(fù)責(zé)地(responsibly)使用信用卡否則他們會輕易地刷卡消費(fèi)。patiently“耐心地”；frequently“頻繁地”；immediately“立刻”。根據(jù)語境可知答案為A。解析：選B。假設(shè)你的孩子想要(wants)一輛新自行車。In spite of

　　C．Rather than

　　D．In return for

　　解析：選C。定期給他一些零花錢而不是(Rather than)用現(xiàn)金全額付款。in favour of“支持贊成”；in spite of“盡管不管”；in return for“作為……的回報”。根據(jù)語境可知答案為C。

　　D．spare解析：選C。參見上題解析。regular“有規(guī)律的”符合語境。necessary“必須的”；extra“多余的”；spare“空余的”。解析：選A。另外一點(diǎn)需要銘記的是要對孩子很多期待但同樣重要的(important)是不能對每件事都飽含期望。strange“奇怪的”；obvious“明顯的”；troublesome“麻煩的”。根據(jù)語境可知選A項。解析：選D。給孩子成長(grow)的空間。解析：選B。如果孩子不愿意(unwilling)談?wù)撃臣履敲床灰銖?qiáng)他。satisfied“滿意的”；ready“準(zhǔn)備好的”；frightened“害怕的”。根據(jù)語境可知答案為B。解析：選C。讓他們自己嘗試(attempt)去解決問題。volunteer“自愿做”；refuse“拒絕”；afford“買得起”。根據(jù)語境可知答案為C。解析：選A。同時提醒(remind)他如果他需要建議或幫助你隨時都在身邊。encourage“鼓勵”；inform“通知”；warn“警告”。根據(jù)語境可知答案為A。語法填空：Our guest today is Chef Michael Wilson.Thanks ________ (join) us，Mr.Wilson.

　　Mike：Oh________ (please)．And please：OK________ (cook) since you were a kid，and you’ve been a professional chef for over twenty years.What is it about cooking that you love so much?

　　Mike：It’s the best way for people to communicate________ in common.All you need is to like to eat and drink，5.________ most people do.It’s easy to make new friends 6.________ you share a meal together.

　　Mary：So：Well________ in Asia，rice and noodles are more common.Beef is very common in countries 8.________ the Unites States，but it’s not as popular in Northern Europe.To be honest，though，I prefer to think of ways in which food is similar around the world.For example，you can find barbecue almost everywhere，and most countries offer both spicy and mild dishes.

　　Mary：What do you think is 9.________ most important factor in cooking?：I think that fresh________ (use) the best of what a particular place has to offer，rather than fancy sauces or expensive spices，usually results in the best dishes.

　　1．解析：考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)前面的介詞for可知應(yīng)該用動名詞形式。答案：joining解析：考查名詞。it’s one’s pleasure表示“我很樂意”用于對于表示感謝的回答。答案：pleasure解析：考查時態(tài)。此處用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時表示過去的某個動作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。答案：have been cooking解析：考查代詞。have something in common表示“有共同特點(diǎn)”因?yàn)榍懊嬗蟹穸ㄔ~因此用anything。答案：anything解析：考查定語從句。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句代指前面整個句子的內(nèi)容。答案：which解析：考查狀語從句。when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句表示“當(dāng)……的時候”。答案：when解析：考查連詞。while此處為轉(zhuǎn)折連詞意為“然而”此處表示“在西方人們吃大量的面包然而在亞洲米飯和面條更常見。”答案：while解析：考查介詞。此處用like表示“像……”此處表示“在像美國的一些國家里”。答案like

　　9．解析：考查冠詞。此處the most修飾important是最高級。答案：the解析：考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處作主語因此用動名詞形式。答案：Using

　　高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 第一部分 基礎(chǔ)考點(diǎn)聚焦 Unit1 Great scientists單元檢測同步探源 新人教版必修5

　　Ⅰ.閱讀理

　　(2024·安徽省高三皖西四校聯(lián)考)When Alfred Nobel created the prizes that bear his name to a dead man.

　　It is a complex story，one that could not have been foreseen when Nobel，the Swedish inventor，died in 1896.But it all traces back to his will，written at a time when international prizes were an original idea.

　　Nobel did not say why he wanted to reward scientists who “made the most important discovery” during the previous year.One can guess that he wanted to reward present-day innovation and not to give tombstone awards to Galileo，Hippocrates，and other scientists from centuries past.

　　But will and science often got involved.The one-year timing proved impractical；scientific findings generally need to be testede award be given only to living people；that rule was made formal in the 1970s.But the rule against posthumous awards has now been violated several times—most recently this monthkefeller University，who died three days before his election.His discovery，called dendritic cells，took place in 1973.

　　The first posthumous winner was the poet Erik Karlfeldt.Karlfeldt had refused his selection in 1918 because he was a longtime member of the Swedish Nobel Academy.When he was selected again in 1931，he had died that April.

　　What happens if a candidate dies? The Nobel Foundation might consider changes at its next meeting.One possibility would be to withhold (阻止) the announcement of an award until a Nobel official hears the 【文章大意】　諾貝爾獎是一個國際獎項用來獎勵前一年在科學(xué)上取得重大發(fā)現(xiàn)的人。諾貝爾基金會明確說明這個獎項只頒給活著的人但科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)需要時間來檢驗(yàn)。諾貝爾獎能頒給死去的人嗎？或許諾貝爾獎需要一些變1．What did Alfred Nobel create the prizes for?

　　A．To make himself remembered forever.

　　B．To attract international attention to Sweden.

　　C．To encourage contributions to mankind.

　　D．To honor some dead outstanding discoverers.

　　解選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“he decided that they be given for work done in the previous year.”和第三段中的“One can guess that he wanted to reward present-day innovation”可知創(chuàng)立諾貝爾獎的目的就是獎勵其所在時代的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)或重大成就。ion tries to break his will.

　　C．Nobel’s fortune is not well managed.

　　D．Candidates are hard to be selected worldwide.

　　解析：選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“The one-year timing proved impracticalscientific findings generally need to be tested，sometimes for decades，before their value is appreciated.”可知答案。he Nobel Academy failed to perform their duty.

　　D．The winner should live a very long life.

　　解析：選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)上文可知諾貝爾獎規(guī)定只頒發(fā)給健在的科學(xué)家可是這一年的諾貝爾醫(yī)學(xué)獎頒發(fā)給了已經(jīng)去世的Ralph M．SteinmanErik Karlfeldt，這兩個例子足以說明諾貝爾獎的一些規(guī)定需要改革。According to the last paragraph，the Nobel Prize is announced to the winner________．B．through a visit解析：選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段最后一句話中的“until a Nobel official hears the winner’s voice on the famous notification calls”可知答案。七選五補(bǔ)缺題(2024·河南六市高中畢業(yè)班第二次聯(lián)合考試)Doctors Say Most Heart Disease Preventable

　　Heart disease is the number one killer，worldwide，of men and women over the age of 60.But people of all ages die of heart attacks each year.And while death rates have declined in the U．S.and many western European countries________

　　No one would have guessed that Barbara Teng would have a heart attack.She was not overweight.She did not smoke or exercise.“In 2004，the week after I turned 49，when I was on a business trip in Chicago，I had a major heart attack，” she said.2.________ She now exercises daily，and monitors her heart health.

　　Dr.Patrice Nickens，who is with the National Heart，Lung and Blood Institute，thinks that heart disease is 82 percent preventable.“3.________” she said，“Men are also facing the same problem，and the key to staying healthy is knowing your numbers”．________

　　“And the steps to take are simple: don’t smoke，maintain a healthy weight，exercise，know your numbers and talk to your physician and control these risks，” she said.

　　African-Americans are at higher-than-average risk for heart disease and stroke；people don’t even know they have itcreases the risk.Medstar Washington Hospital Center is trying to reach this population.5.________For example，helping the people monitor their blood pressure.If people realize they are at risk for heart disease，the’ll make lifestyle changes: lose weight，exercise，eat the right foods and keep in touch with a doctor.

　　A．A healthy lifestyle can prevent heart disease.

　　B．So we must cure heart disease.

　　C．It is the leading cause of death for women.

　　D．With the right training，they can play an important role in community health.

　　E．And that changed her life.

　　F．Lack of exercise causes heart attacks.

　　G．Yet most heart disease is preventable.

　　答案：1～5　GECAD完形填空(2024·陜西省咸陽市高考模擬)Nowadays easy being a teenager，nor is it easy being a parent.Parents are __1__advice for their children on what to learn，but when it comes to __2__ to live，as a matter of fact，they often have __3__to say.As a result，children may grow up with good manners and much __4__，but without any idea how to

　　__5__ their life.Here are some basics to help.

　　Firstly，build proper relationships.“No man is an island.”So __6__ with friends will have a sense of belonging and not __7__from loneliness，whose ill effects have been __8__ among the elderly.If the young are surrounded by friends and relatives，they are more __9__ to recover from their illnesses.

　　Then，try to be honest.Children must be taught to stay honest.It takes courage and training to be honest when people are getting away with cheating and __10__ all around.

　　Be __11__ of money.Explain to children that credit cards

　　must be used __12__and that when buying something using a

　　credit card，they can easily end up paying two or three times

　　more than in cash.Suppose your child __13__ a new bicycle

　　that costs $150.__14__ paying the cash，give him some __15__

　　pocket money.And by putting aside $15 each week，he will be able to buy it for himself in only ten weeks.

　　Another thing to keep in mind is to expect a lot from your

　　child，but not everything，which is also __16__．So give your child space to __17__．If your child is __18____19__ to solve things by himself.At the same time，__20__ him that you’re always there for him if he seeks advice or help.

　　【文章大意】　如今當(dāng)父母不容易特別是講到“如何生活”這個話題時父母們似乎也很難講清楚本文給父母提出了一些建議。B．short of 解析：選A。在學(xué)習(xí)方面父母們對孩子有一籮筐的建議。full of“充滿”short of“短缺”；proud of“對……感到驕傲”；afraid of“對……害怕”。根據(jù)語境可知應(yīng)選A。

　　B．whether

　　解析：選D。事實(shí)上當(dāng)提到“如何(how)生活”這個話題時父母們幾乎不知道該說什么。解析：選B。參見上題解析。little表示“很少的”符合語境。4．A.knowledge

　　B．energy解析：選A。結(jié)果孩子們懂禮貌知識豐富(much knowledge)卻不知道怎么控制(manage)自己的解析：選C。參見上題解析。 save“拯救”；想象”；manage“控制”；earn“賺得”。根據(jù)語境可知答案為C。解析：選D。所以teenagers)。

　　C．learn

　　D．benefit

　　解析：選B。參見上題解析。die from“死于”；suffer from“遭受”；learn from“向……學(xué)習(xí)”；benefit from“從……受益”。根據(jù)語境可知答案為B。解析：選A。孤獨(dú)感的副作用可以從老年人身上觀察(observed)到。replace“代替”；ignore“忽略”；share“分享”。根據(jù)語境可知答案為A。解析：選C。如果年輕人被親友包圍他們就更likely)從疾病中恢復(fù)過來。difficult“困難的”；content“滿意的”；confident“自信的”。ng

　　B．a(chǎn)pologizing解析：選D。當(dāng)人們作弊和說謊(lying)卻未受到懲罰時更需要勇氣和鍛煉來保持誠實(shí)的品質(zhì)。此處用lying和前面的cheating并列。guarantee“保證”；道歉”；promise“允諾”。erous

　　D．careful解析：選D。花錢需謹(jǐn)慎。careful“小心的謹(jǐn)慎的”符合語境。aware“意識到的”；short“短缺的”；generous“慷慨的”。解析：選A。向孩子們解釋必須負(fù)責(zé)地(responsibly)使用信用卡否則他們會輕易地刷卡消費(fèi)。patiently“耐心地”；frequently“頻繁地”；immediately“立刻”。根據(jù)語境可知答案為A。解析：選B。假設(shè)你的孩子想要(wants)一輛新自行車。In spite of

　　C．Rather than

　　D．In return for

　　解析：選C。定期給他一些零花錢而不是(Rather than)用現(xiàn)金全額付款。in favour of“支持贊成”；in spite of“盡管不管”；in return for“作為……的回報”。根據(jù)語境可知答案為C。

　　D．spare解析：選C。參見上題解析。regular“有規(guī)律的”符合語境。necessary“必須的”；extra“多余的”；spare“空余的”。解析：選A。另外一點(diǎn)需要銘記的是要對孩子很多期待但同樣重要的(important)是不能對每件事都飽含期望。strange“奇怪的”；obvious“明顯的”；troublesome“麻煩的”。根據(jù)語境可知選A項。解析：選D。給孩子成長(grow)的空間。解析：選B。如果孩子不愿意(unwilling)談?wù)撃臣履敲床灰銖?qiáng)他。satisfied“滿意的”；ready“準(zhǔn)備好的”；frightened“害怕的”。根據(jù)語境可知答案為B。解析：選C。讓他們自己嘗試(attempt)去解決問題。volunteer“自愿做”；refuse“拒絕”；afford“買得起”。根據(jù)語境可知答案為C。解析：選A。同時提醒(remind)他如果他需要建議或幫助你隨時都在身邊。encourage“鼓勵”；inform“通知”；warn“警告”。根據(jù)語境可知答案為A。語法填空：Our guest today is Chef Michael Wilson.Thanks ________ (join) us，Mr.Wilson.

　　Mike：Oh________ (please)．And please：OK________ (cook) since you were a kid，and you’ve been a professional chef for over twenty years.What is it about cooking that you love so much?

　　Mike：It’s the best way for people to communicate________ in common.All you need is to like to eat and drink，5.________ most people do.It’s easy to make new friends 6.________ you share a meal together.

　　Mary：So：Well________ in Asia，rice and noodles are more common.Beef is very common in countries 8.________ the Unites States，but it’s not as popular in Northern Europe.To be honest，though，I prefer to think of ways in which food is similar around the world.For example，you can find barbecue almost everywhere，and most countries offer both spicy and mild dishes.

　　Mary：What do you think is 9.________ most important factor in cooking?：I think that fresh________ (use) the best of what a particular place has to offer，rather than fancy sauces or expensive spices，usually results in the best dishes.

　　1．解析：考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)前面的介詞for可知應(yīng)該用動名詞形式。答案：joining解析：考查名詞。it’s one’s pleasure表示“我很樂意”用于對于表示感謝的回答。答案：pleasure解析：考查時態(tài)。此處用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時表示過去的某個動作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。答案：have been cooking解析：考查代詞。have something in common表示“有共同特點(diǎn)”因?yàn)榍懊嬗蟹穸ㄔ~因此用anything。答案：anything解析：考查定語從句。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句代指前面整個句子的內(nèi)容。答案：which解析：考查狀語從句。when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句表示“當(dāng)……的時候”。答案：when解析：考查連詞。while此處為轉(zhuǎn)折連詞意為“然而”此處表示“在西方人們吃大量的面包然而在亞洲米飯和面條更常見。”答案：while解析：考查介詞。此處用like表示“像……”此處表示“在像美國的一些國家里”。答案like

　　9．解析：考查冠詞。此處the most修飾important是最高級。答案：the解析：考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處作主語因此用動名詞形式。答案：Using