Ⅰ.詞匯知識

　　1．____________adj.平等的，相等的→____________adv.相等地，同樣地

　　2．____________n．重要，重要性→____________adj.重要的→____________(反義詞)不重要的

　　3．____________n．哲學→____________n．哲學家

　　4．____________n．(常作復數)教導；學說→____________vt.教

　　5．____________n．秩序→____________adj.有秩序的，整齊的

　　6．____________vt.強調→____________adj.緊張的

　　7．____________vi.辭職，委托→____________n.

　　8．____________adj.有影響的→____________n．影響力

　　答案：1.equal；equally　2.importance；important；unimportant　3.philosophy；philosopher　4.teaching；teach　5.order；orderly　6.stress；stressful　7.resign；resignment

　　8．influential；influence

　　Ⅱ.重點短語

　　1．be similar________　與……相似

　　2．be________good

　　人之初，性本善

　　3．be________war with

　　與……交戰

　　4．bring________

　　養育，撫養

　　5．________one’s advice

　　采納某人的建議

　　6．become famous________

　　因……而出名

　　7．________some ways

　　在某些方面

　　8．________a result

　　結果

　　答案：1.to　2.born　3.at 　4.up　5.follow　6.for

　　7．in　8.as

　　Ⅲ.必背句型

　　1．In ancient China，private teachers travelled from state to state ____________ their philosophy.

　　在古代中國，私人教師周游列國解釋他們的哲學。

　　答案：explaining

　　2．Ancient China was a place ________ states were often at war with each other.

　　古代中國各諸侯國之間經常發生戰爭。

　　答案：where

　　3．But ______________________________ there were many great philosophers.

　　但那也是一個產生了許多哲學家的時期。

　　答案：it was also a time when

　　4．Mencius believed ________________________ man is different from animals is ________ man is good.

　　孟子認為人不同于動物的原因是人是善良的。

　　答案：that the reason why；that

　　5．Mencius had important government positions, and ____________.

　　孟子在政權中身居要職，墨子也是如此。

　　答案：so did Mozi

　　6．Mencius was a thinker ________ teachings were very similar to ________ of Confucius.

　　孟子是一位其教學方法類似于孔子的思想家。

　　答案：whose；those

　　Ⅰ.品句填詞

　　1．The ____________(重要)of washing one’s hands is that it prevents infection.

　　答案：importance

　　2．I admired him because of his____________(善良)to others.

　　答案：kindness

　　3．I hope that____________(平等)of opportunity for men and women has come to stay.

　　答案：equality

　　4．The professor acted as an ____________(顧問)after he retired.

　　答案：adviser

　　5．Mr.Smith is still in____________(職位)and there’s no plan to move him.

　　答案：position

　　6．The teacher ____________(強調)that we should be on time.

　　答案：stressed

　　Ⅱ.選詞填空

　　1．All countries，big or small，________________each other.

　　答案：are equal to

　　2．Things can easily go wrong when people are ________________.

　　答案：under stress

　　3．After her husband died，she ________________the three children all by herself.

　　答案：brought up

　　4．He ________________ the company in order to take a more challenging job.

　　答案：resigned from

　　5．Some teachers find it difficult to________________in their classes.

　　答案：keep order

　　6．They’ve been ________________ for the last five years.

　　答案：at war

　　Ⅲ.用所給詞的適當形式或根據提示完成句子

　　1．Now it is common for women to ________________(擔任重要職位)in the government.

　　答案：hold important positions

　　2．The director ordered that the gate and windows ________________(close)firmly before leaving the office.

　　答案：be closed

　　3．If you don’t sign up for the game，________________(我也不簽)．

　　答案：neither will I

　　4．它是關于將來的一個時期人們制造的機器人喜歡人們。

　　It is about a time in the future ________________people make robots that love people.

　　答案：when

　　5．My opinion about the modern education is not similar to________________(其他老師的觀點)．

　　答案：that of the other teachers’

　　6．Linda’s parents died when she was a baby and she ________________(撫養)by her aunt.

　　答案：was brought up

　　7．他開會遲到的原因是因為車壞在路上。

　　The reason ________________he was late for the meeting was ________________the car broke down on the way.

　　答案：why，that

　　8．如果雙方想順利合作，就應該先在基本原則上達成一致。

　　If the two sides want to cooperate smoothly，they should first reach an agreement ________________.

　　答案：on the basic principle

　　9．For many years these two countries were ________________(交戰)，causing much suffering.

　　答案：at war

　　10．For most of the students，their teacher’s advice is more acceptable than ________________(父母們的建議)．

　　答案：that of their parents

　　Ⅳ.閱讀理解

　　Canadian experts have found that socalled selfhelp books may actually do more harm than good to people who really need help.Researchers say that individuals (個人) with low selfrespect felt much worse after repeating positive statements about themselves.

　　In their study，psychologists Joanne Wood and John Lee sought to determine how positive thinking affected people with different levels of selfconfidence.They questioned dozens of people, both male and female，analyzed their selfworth and optimism by means of the standard psychological methods and then asked them to writedown

　　their thoughts and feelings.The scoring system ranged from 0 to 35.

　　During the experiment，the researchers asked a total of 68 participants to repeat the selfhelp book phrase，“I am a lovable person.”After that they measured the participants’moods and their feelings about themselves.The results revealed that the participants in the low selfrespect group who repeated the mantra (頌歌)，were feeling much worse afterwards, when compared to other participants in low selfrespect group who did not repeat the phrase.Those with low selfrespect who repeated the phrase scored an average of 10 points.Their counterparts(對應的人) with equally low selfrespect who were not asked to repeat the statement, were able to score a little higher average of 17 points.

　　However, individuals with high selfrespect reported feeling better after repeating the positive selfstatement—but only slightly.They scored an average of 31 points, compared with an average of 25 for those with equally high selfrespect who did not repeat the phrase.

　　Professor Wood urged those who promote selfhelp books, magazines and television shows to stop telling people that simply repeating a positive mantra could change one’s life.First, people start following this idea and feel like they are not alone.They are told that all they have to do is just to read that book and then to repeat these positive statements in a hope that things will be better, and when it does not work for them and they realize that nothing gets better，then it is really frustrating to people.

　　Researchers concluded，“Repeating positive selfstatements may benefit certain people such as individuals with high selfrespect but discourage the very people who need confidence the most.”

　　【解題導語】　一些自我肯定的言論一定對人們有積極的影響嗎？研究表明，這些言論對較不自信的人們而言只會適得其反。所以，一些所謂的幫助人們建立自信心的自助圖書并不一定會給人們帶來好處。

　　1．The experts tried to find out，when repeating positive selfstatements，________.

　　A．the different influences on people with different levels of selfconfidence

　　B．whether males or females will get more benefit from selfhelp books

　　C．which group of people selfhelp books will do the greatest harm to

　　D．who will get the least benefit from selfhelp books

　　解析：選A。事實細節題。從第二段第一句中的“Joanne Wood and John Lee sought to determine how positive thinking affected people with different levels of selfconfidence”可知，Joanne Wood 和John Lee想知道積極思考是怎樣影響不同自信水平的人們的。

　　2．How many points did the low selfrespect participants get after repeating the selfhelp book phrase?

　　A．An average of 10 points.

　　B．An average of 17 points.

　　C．An average of 31 points.

　　D．An average of 25 points.

　　解析：選A。事實細節題。從第三段倒數第二句“Those with low selfrespect who repeated the phrase scored an average of 10 points”可知答案。

　　3．Socalled selfhelp books do some good to________.

　　A．people lacking selfconfidence

　　B．people with high selfrespect

　　C．people with problems to settle urgently

　　D．people repeating positive selfstatements

　　解析：選B。事實細節題。從第四段第一句“However，individuals with high selfrespect reported feeling better...”可知答案。

　　4．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

　　A．The positive selfstatement can greatly encourage people with high selfrespect.

　　B．All the participants will slightly benefit from the positive selfstatement.

　　C．Believing in positive selfstatements will result in great failures in the end.

　　D．Simply repeating a positive mantra couldn’t possibly change one’s life.

　　解析：選D。推理判斷題。從倒數第二段第一句可知D項內容正確。

　　5．What do the researchers think of socalled selfhelp books?

　　A．They value them.

　　B．They promote them.

　　C．They think little of them.

　　D．They get puzzled with them.

　　解析：選C。推理判斷題。從最后一段中的“Repeating positive selfstatements may benefit certain people such as individuals with high selfrespect but discourage the very people who need confidence the most.”可推知答案。

　　Ⅴ.信息匹配

　　閱讀下列應用文及相關信息，并按照要求匹配信息。

　　首先，請閱讀一些關于處理家長與孩子的關系的策略的信息：

　　A．Be friends with your children.Your teenagers may not want you to be their friends.What they need is for you to be a reliable, responsible role model, worthy of their respect, and not some overgrown finger-snapping adult who wears too-tight jeans or T-shirts.

　　B．Find the humor between you and your children.Have you ever noticed how humor can make tension instantly me away? Some parents just tend to take things too seriously.Consciously look for the humor in situations because it allows you to create an environment of lightness where communication is likely to be enhanced. Used appropriately，humor is a tool and a friend.

　　C．Encourage your children to participate in some sports.Even if your teenager has two left feet (極其笨拙), you should also encourage him.Even at times, you can accompany him to do sports.Not only are sports good for health, but also they can develop perseverance and involve the child in a team.

　　D．Don’t ever argue with a teenager.If your daughter tends to debate something, let her sign up for the Debate Club.If you try to follow teenage logic, your mouth will go dry and your ears and nerves will surely fray.Don’t worry.She will know she is wrong later.

　　E．Introduce yourself to your teenager’s teachers and keep in regular contact with them. Your teenager will be proud of you when you are asked to speak at the school.If you get on well with the teachers you can learn a lot about your child’s performance at school.

　　F．Make some house rules for your teenager. Your teenager needs some house rules, otherwise he or she could become lazy and then his or her room could begin to seriously resemble a monkey cage.Some good house rules: no eating outside the kitchen; no visitors to the house unless an adult is present.

　　下面是一些家長信息，請將家長信息與適合他們的策略匹配起來：

　　1．Mrs.Green’s son is not in good health and is also very shy.He is not good at sports and he always stays at home after school. Mrs. Green is worried about this, but she doesn’t know how to deal with the problem.

　　解析：選C。Mrs.Green的兒子身體不好又害羞，作為父母應該鼓勵他多參加運動。因為運動不僅有利于健康，而且也有利于鍛煉他的意志，培養他的團隊合作精神。

　　2．Mr.White often plays with his daughter to be close to her.He doesn’t like doing this, but he wants to be his daughter’s friend. He sometimes plays a clown to amuse his daughter or dresses like a teenager, but she doesn’t like it.He is confused.

　　解析：選A。Mr.White想成為女兒的朋友，但是不知道應該怎么做，A項提供了策略。

　　3．Mr.Wilson usually has different opinions from those of his teenage daughter, Lily.Lily speaks fast and insists on her own opinions, which are immature.Mr.Wilson is tired of this and he really wants his daughter to learn or understand something properly.

　　解析：選D。Mr.Wilson通常與女兒有不同的觀點，爭吵不是辦法，D項提出了“永遠不和孩子爭吵”的策略，符合Mr.Wilson的需求。

　　4．Mr.Black’s son has a lot of bad habits.He often sleeps until twelve o’clock at weekends. He never helps his mother do housework and clean his own room.Sometimes, when his parents are not at home, he calls in many friends to his home, making it at a mess.

　　解析：選F。Mr.Black的兒子有太多的壞習慣，因此應該制訂一些規則來約束他，使他逐步改掉壞毛病。

　　5．Mr.Smith is too busy to go to his child’s school to attend the parents meeting and his wife is in another city. He sometimes calls his child’s teacher or sends an email to the teacher, but it does not seem to help.And he is eager to know what his child is doing at school.

　　解析：選E。Mr.Smith渴望了解孩子的在校情況，策略當然是與老師保持聯系了。