2024年高考英語二輪復習易錯題庫之語法4

　　非謂語動詞考點◆典型陷阱題分析◆

　　1. Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _______ a good college.

　　A. enter B. to enter

　　C. entering D. entered

　　【陷阱】容易誤選A。有的同學一看到空格前的情態動詞 could 就斷定此處應填動詞原形 enter。

　　【分析】其實正確答案應是B。此句為省略句，即在 could 后省略了動詞 do，若把句子補完整應為Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could do to enter a good college。即句中的不定式短語(to enter a good college)是用作目的狀語的，而不是與情態動詞(could)一起構成謂語。請再看類似例句：

　　(1) They did what they could to comfort her. 他們盡量安慰她。

　　(2) They did everything they could to save her life. 他們盡一切力量拯救她的性命。

　　(3) He studies as hard as he could to catch up with his classmates. 他拼命學習以便趕上他的同學。

　　值得指出的是，這也并不是說今后只要遇到類似結構的題就一定選帶to不定式。請看以下試題：

　　(4) He ran as fast as he could _____ to catch the early bus.

　　A. to hope B. hope

　　C. hoping D. hoped

　　此題的答案是 C不是A，其中的現在分詞短語 hoping to catch the early bus 用作伴隨狀語。

　　(5) He spent every minute he could _____ spoken English.

　　A. practise B. to practise

　　C. practising D. practised

　　此題答案選 C，這與前面動詞 spent 的搭配有關，即 spend … (in) doing sth。若將此句補充完整，即為 He spent every minute he could spend in practising spoken English.

　　(6) Before going abroad he devoted all he could ____D____ his oral English.

　　A. improve B. to improve

　　C. improving D. to improving

　　此題答案選D，注意兩點：一是 devote … to … 是固定搭配，意為“把……貢獻給……”；二是其中的 to 是介詞，不是不定式符號，后接動詞時要用動名詞。

　　2. He knows nothing about it, so he can’t help _______ any of your work.

　　A. doing B. to do

　　C. being doing D. to be done

　　【陷阱】容易誤選B，根據 can’t help doing sth 這一結構推出。

　　【分析】其實答案應選A。比較以下結構：

　　can’t help to do sth = 不能幫助做某事

　　can’t help doing sth = 禁不住做某事，情不自禁地做某事

　　又如下面一題，答案也是 B：

　　She can’t help ____ the house because she’s busy making a cake.

　　A cleaning B. to clean

　　C. cleaned D. being cleaned

　　再請看以下試題：

　　While shopping, people sometimes can’t help _____ into buying something they don’t really need.

　　A. to persuade B. persuading

　　C. being persuaded D. be persuaded

　　此題應選C，句中的 can’t help 意為“禁不住”（注意根據句意用被動形式）。

　　3. All her time _______ experiments, she has no time for films.

　　A. devoted to do B. devoted to doing

　　C. devoting to doing D. is devoted to doing

　　【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。

　　【分析】此題最佳答案為B。現分析如下：

　　(1) devote 意為“致力于，獻身于”，主要用 devote…to…或be devoted to，其中的to 是介詞，不是不定式符號，故后接動詞時要用動名詞，不用不定式。

　　(2) 選A錯誤：若將 do 改為 doing 則可以。

　　(3) 選B正確：all her time devoted to doing experiments為獨立主格結構，用作狀語。

　　(4) 選C錯誤：因為all her time 與 devote 為被動關系，故應將devoting改為devoted。

　　(5) 選D錯誤：若單獨看 All her time is devoted to doing experiments，此句并沒有錯，但問題是逗號前后兩個簡單句沒有必要的連接方式，所以從整體上看仍不對，假若在后一句的句首加上and或so，則可選D，或將D將中的is 改為 being也可選它。

　　請做以下類似題（答案均選A）：

　　(1) All the preparations for the project ______, we’re ready to start.

　　A. completed B. have been completed

　　C. had been completed D. been completed

　　(2) Such _______ the case, I couldn’t help but______ him.

　　A. being, support B. was, support

　　C. has been, supporting D. is, to support

　　比較以下各題，答案選B，因為句中使用了并列連詞and：

　　(1) All the preparations for the project ______, and we’re ready to start.

　　A. completed B. have been completed

　　C. had been completed D. been completed

　　(2) Such _______ the case, I couldn’t help but______ him.

　　A. being, support B. was, support

　　C. has been, supporting D. is, to support

　　4. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ______ it more difficult.

　　A. not make B. not to make

　　C. not making D. do not make

　　【陷阱】容易誤選C，受題干中的逗號的影響，認為是現在分詞表結果的用法。

　　【分析】其實答案應選B，句中的逗號相當于連詞 and 或 but，not to make it more difficult 是對逗號前的不定式 to make life easier 的補充說明。此句的意思是“新技術的目的是為了使生活變得更容易，而不是使生活變得更困難”。兩個不定式同時用以說明句子主語 purpose 的內容。請做以下類似試題（答案選B）：

　　The purpose of the scheme is not to help the employers but _____ work for young people.

　　A. provide B. to provide

　　C. providing D. provided

　　5. The murderer was brought in, with his hands ______ behind his back.

　　A. to be tied B. being tied

　　C. tied D. having tied

　　【陷阱】容易誤選B。

　　【分析】最佳答案為C。從意義上看，hands 與 tie 的關系應屬被動關系，故排除D。在A、B、C三個選項中，選項A比較容易排除，因為不定式表示將來意義，在此與語境不符。現將B和C作一比較：B為現在分詞的被動式，它表示兩層意義，一是表被動，二是表進行，也就是說 his hands being tied 的實際意思是“他的手正在被捆住”，這顯然與語境不符。而C為過去分詞，它也表示兩層意義，一是表被動，二是表示動詞的完成或完成后的狀態，此句中的 with his hands tied behind his back 可視為手被捆在背后的一種狀態。由此可知最佳答案為C。請看下面一題：

　　Anyone ______ trying to take knives on heard flights would be caught by the police.

　　A. finds B. found

　　C. being found D. will find

　　答案選B而不選C，其中的過去分詞表示被動和完成。

　　比較下面兩題，最佳答案是D不是A，現在分詞的被動式表示被動和進行：

　　(1) The court hears about 120 cases a year; visitors are welcome to see a case ______.

　　A. argued B. to be argued

　　C. to be arguing D. being argued

　　(2) The silence of the library was sometimes broken by an occasional cough or by the sound of pages _______.

　　A. turned B. having turned

　　C. to be turned D. being turned

　　6. Remind me _______ the medicine tomorrow.

　　A. of taking B. taking

　　C. to take D. take

　　【陷阱】容易誤選A。受 remind sb of (doing) sth 這一常用結構的影響。

　　【分析】最佳答案為C。比較以下三個結構：

　　remind sb of [about] sth = 使某人想起某事

　　remind sb of doing sth = 提醒某人做過某事（暗示動作已發生）

　　remind sb to do sth = 提醒某人去做某事（暗示動作尚未發生）

　　請看兩個例句：

　　I reminded him of his promise. 我提醒他做過的諾言。

　　My wife reminded me of seeing that film. 我妻子提醒我曾經看過那部電影。

　　Can you remind me to phone her tomorrow? 你明天能否提醒我給她打電話?

　　7. Once your business becomes international, _____ constantly will be part of your life.

　　A. you fly B. your flight

　　C. flight D. flying

　　【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。

　　【分析】最佳答案為D。由于空格后出現了constantly這一副詞，這就說明不能選B或C，因為B、C均為名詞，不能受副詞 constantly 的修飾。A和D均是可能的，因為其中有動詞 fly。但若選A，you fly 是一個主謂結構，與其后的謂語 will be 相沖突，所以只能選D，即動名詞flying在此用作主語。

　　8. Not only should you get used ______ under difficult conditions but you also you pay more attention ______ your work well.

　　A. to work, to do

　　B. to working, to doing

　　C. to work, to doing

　　D. to working, to do

　　【陷阱】容易誤選A，認為兩個空白處均應填不定式。

　　【分析】正確答案為B，因為 get used to與pay attention to 這兩個結構中的to均為介詞，不是不定式符號，故后接動詞時要用動名詞，不能動詞原形。類似地，以下各結構中的 to 也是介詞，不是不定式符號，后接動詞時也應用動名詞，而不是動詞原形：

　　look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事

　　be opposed to doing sth 反對做某事

　　object to doing sth反對做某事

　　stick to doing sth 堅持做某事

　　get down to doing sth 開始做某事

　　take to doing sth 喜歡上做某事

　　admit to doing 承認做了某事

　　pay attention to doing sth 注意做某事

　　devote one’s time to doing sth 把某人的時間用于(奉獻于)做某事

　　be equal to doing sth 等于做某事，能勝任做某事

　　What do you say to doing sth 你認為做某事怎么樣

　　9. Both of my parents insisted _______ a computer for me, but I don’t think it is necessary.

　　A. to buy B. buying

　　C. on buying D. in buying

　　【陷阱】容易誤選B，誤認為insist后不能接不定式，但可以接動名詞。

　　【分析】答案應選C。其實，動詞 insist 后既不能接不定式也不能接動名詞，因為insist 通常用作不及物動詞；若語義上需接賓語，要借助介詞 on或upon，即用于 insist on [upon] (doing) sth；但它有時的確也可用作及物動詞，不過其賓語通常只能是 that 從句，而不能是普通的名詞、代詞或動名詞。如：

　　He insisted on seeing her home. 他堅持送她回家。

　　I insisted that he (should) stay. 我堅持要他留下。

　　10. “Do you have anything more ______, sir?” “No. You can have a rest or do something else.”

　　A. typing B. to be typed

　　C. typed D. to type

　　【陷阱】容易誤選D，根據 have sth to do 這一常用結構推出。

　　【分析】最佳答案是B。確實，在“have+賓語+不定式”結構中，用作定語的不定式通常用主動式表示被動含義，如 I have some clothes to wash等，即盡管其中的 some clothes 與其后的不定式 to wash 具有被動關系，但卻習慣上用主動式表示被動意義。但值得指出的是，這類句型的主語與其后的不定式具有主動關系，如 I have some clothes to wash 中的 to wash 就是由該句主語 I 來完成的。而上面一題的情形有所不同，即其中的 to type 這一動作不是由句子主語 you來完成的，而是由說話者“我”來完成的。比較：

　　Are you going to Shanghai? Do you have anything to take to your son? 你要去上海嗎？你有什么東西要帶給你兒子嗎？

　　I’m going to Shanghai next week. I have a lot of things to take with me. 下個星期我要去上海，我隨身要帶很多東西去。

　　11. She took her son, ran out of the house, _____ him in the car and drove quickly to the nearest doctor’s office.

　　A. put B. to put

　　C. putting D. having put

　　【陷阱】容易誤選B或C，誤認為這考查非謂語動詞的用法。

　　【分析】正確答案選A。句中的took, ran, put, drove 為四并列的謂語動詞，其時態應一致。類似地如(答案選A)：

　　I got out of the taxi, _____ the fare and dashed into the station.

　　A. paid B. paying

　　C. to pay D. having paid

　　但是，下面一題稍有不同：

　　Hearing the news, he rushed out, ______ the book ______ on the table and disappeared into the distance.

　　A. left; lain open B. leaving; lying open

　　C. leaving; lie opened D. left; lay opened

　　此題答案選B，leaving 在此表結果，lying open 與其前的動詞leave有關，leave 后接現在分詞作賓語補足語，表示使某人或某物處于做某事的狀態中。

　　12. The boss insisted that every minute ______ made full use of ______ the work well.

　　A. be, to do B. was, doing

　　C. be, doing D. was, to do

　　【陷阱】容易誤選B。

　　【分析】其實正確答案是A。分析如下：

　　(1) 第一空填 be，是因為insisted 后接that從句，從句謂語要用“should+動詞原形”這樣的虛擬語氣，其中的should也可省略。

　　(2) 第二空要填to do，是因為此句謂語為被動語態，假若將此句轉換成主動語態，則是 …should make full use of every minute to do the work well, 句中涉及 make use of … to do sth (利用……做某事)這一結構。另外，還有 make the most of (盡量利用)，make the best of (盡量利用)等短語也可能用于此類試題。請看以下類似例子：

　　(1) The old professor told us every part of the materials should be made use of ______ the power station.

　　A. to build B. building

　　C. build D. built

　　此題答案選 A，不是 B。為便于理解，可先考慮以下結構：

　　…make use of every part of the materials to build the power station

　　由此可見，make use of 的賓語是 every part of the materials，其后的不定式 to build the power station 為目的狀語。

　　(2) Does the way you thought of _______ the water clean make any sense?

　　A. making B. to make

　　C. how to make D. having made

　　此題答案選B，不是A。句子主語是 the way，you thought of 是修飾主語的定語從句，不定式 to make the water clean 也是修飾主語的定語，也就是說，句子主語帶有兩個定語修飾語。

　　13. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next year.

　　A. carried out B. carrying out

　　C. carry out D. to carry out

　　【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。

　　【分析】答案選A。此句結構較復雜，現分析如下：

　　(1) that they would like to see _____ the next year 是修飾名詞 the plan 的定語從句。

　　(2) 由于 the plan 與空格處的 carry out 有被動關系，故填過去分詞 carried out。