雅思閱讀模擬題：new weapon to fight cancer

　　1. British scientists are preparing to launch trials of a radical new way to fight cancer, which kills tumours by infecting them with viruses like the common cold.

　　2. If successful, virus therapy could eventually form a third pillar alongside radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the standard arsenal against cancer, while avoiding some of the debilitating side-effects.

　　3. Leonard Seymour, a professor of gene therapy at Oxford University, who has been working on the virus therapy with colleagues in London and the US, will lead the trials later this year. Cancer Research UK said yesterday that it was excited by the potential of Prof Seymours pioneering techniques.

　　4. One of the countrys leading geneticists, Prof Seymour has been working with viruses that kill cancer cells directly, while avoiding harm to healthy tissue. In principle, youve got something which could be many times more effective than regular chemotherapy, he said.

　　5. Cancer-killing viruses exploit the fact that cancer cells suppress the bodys local immune system. If a cancer doesnt do that, the immune system wipes it out. If you can get a virus into a tumour, viruses find them a very good place to be because theres no immune system to stop them replicating. You can regard it as the cancers Achilles heel.

　　6. Only a small amount of the virus needs to get to the cancer. They replicate, you get a million copies in each cell and the cell bursts and they infect the tumour cells adjacent and repeat the process, said Prof Seymour.

　　7. Preliminary research on mice shows that the viruses work well on tumours resistant to standard cancer drugs. Its an interesting possibility that they may have an advantage in killing drug-resistant tumours, which could be quite different to anything weve had before.

　　8. Researchers have known for some time that viruses can kill tumour cells and some aspects of the work have already been published in scientific journals. American scientists have previously injected viruses directly into tumours but this technique will not work if the cancer is inaccessible or has spread throughout the body.

　　9. Prof Seymours innovative solution is to mask the virus from the bodys immune system, effectively allowing the viruses to do what chemotherapy drugs do - spread through the blood and reach tumours wherever they are. The big hurdle has always been to find a way to deliver viruses to tumours via the bloodstream without the bodys immune system destroying them on the way.

　　10. What weve done is make chemical modifications to the virus to put a polymer coat around it - its a stealth virus when you inject it, he said.

　　11. After the stealth virus infects the tumour, it replicates, but the copies do not have the chemical modifications. If they escape from the tumour, the copies will be quickly recognised and mopped up by the bodys immune system.

　　12. The therapy would be especially useful for secondary cancers, called metastases, which sometimes spread around the body after the first tumour appears. Theres an awful statistic of patients in the west ... with malignant cancers; 75% of them go on to die from metastases, said Prof Seymour.

　　13. Two viruses are likely to be examined in the first clinical trials: adenovirus, which normally causes a cold-like illness, and vaccinia, which causes cowpox and is also used in the vaccine against smallpox. For safety reasons, both will be disabled to make them less pathogenic in the trial, but Prof Seymour said he eventually hopes to use natural viruses.

　　14. The first trials will use uncoated adenovirus and vaccinia and will be delivered locally to liver tumours, in order to establish whether the treatment is safe in humans and what dose of virus will be needed. Several more years of trials will be needed, eventually also on the polymer-coated viruses, before the therapy can be considered for use in the NHS. Though the approach will be examined at first for cancers that do not respond to conventional treatments, Prof Seymour hopes that one day it might be applied to all cancers.(665 words)

　　Questions 1-6

　　Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? For questions 1-6 write

　　TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

　　FALSE if the statement contradicts the information

　　NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage

　　1.Virus therapy, if successful, has an advantage in eliminating side-effects.

　　2.Cancer Research UK is quite hopeful about Professor Seymours work on the virus therapy.

　　3.Virus can kill cancer cells and stop them from growing again.

　　4.Cancers Achilles heel refers to the fact that virus may stay safely in a tumor and replicate.

　　5.To infect the cancer cells, a good deal of viruses should be injected into the tumor.

　　6.Researches on animals indicate that virus could be used as a new way to treat drug-resistant tumors.

　　Question 7-9

　　Based on the reading passage, choose the appropriate letter from A-D for each answer.

　　7.Information about researches on viruses killing tumor cells can be found

　　(A) on TV

　　(B) in magazines

　　(C) on internet

　　(D) in newspapers

　　8.To treat tumors spreading out in body, researchers try to

　　(A) change the body immune system

　　(B) inject chemotherapy drugs into bloodstream.

　　(C) increase the amount of injection

　　(D) disguise the viruses on the way to tumors.

　　9.When the chemical modified virus in tumor replicates, the copies

　　(A) will soon escape from the tumor and spread out.

　　(B) will be wiped out by the bodys immune system.

　　(C) will be immediately recognized by the researchers.

　　(D) will eventually stop the tumor from spreading out.

　　Questions 10-13

　　Complete the sentences below. Choose your answers from the list of words. You can only use each word once.

　　NB There are more words in the list than spaces so you will not use them all.

　　In the first clinical trials, scientists will try to 10 adenovirus and vaccinia, so both the viruses will be less pathogenic than the 11.These uncoated viruses will be applied directly to certain areas to confirm safety on human beings and the right 12 needed. The experiments will firstly be 13to the treatment of certain cancers

　　List of Words

　　dosage responding smallpox virus

　　disable natural ones inject

　　directed treatment cold-like illness

　　kill patients examined

　　Answers Keys:

　　1.答案：FALSE (見第2段：If successful, virus therapy could eventually form a third pillar alongside radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the standard arsenal against cancer, while avoiding some of the debilitating side-effects. Virus therapy 只能避免一些副作用，而不是根除。)

　　2.答案：TRUE (見第3段，特別是最后一句： Cancer Research UK said yesterday that it was excited by the potential of Prof Seymours pioneering techniques. )

　　3. 答案：NOT GIVEN (文中沒有提到virus可以抑制腫瘤細胞再生長)

　　4. 答案：TRUE (見第5段第3、4句： 這里cancers Achilles heel指 If you can get a virus into a tumour, viruses find them a very good place to be because theres no immune system to stop them replicating. Achilles heel的意思是唯一致命弱點)

　　5. 答案：FALSE (見第6段第第1句：Only a small amount of the virus needs to get to the cancer.)

　　6. 答案：TRUE (見第7段：Preliminary research on mice shows that the viruses work well on tumours resistant to standard cancer drug. , which could be quite different to anything weve had before. )

　　7. 答案：B (見第8段第1、2句：Researchers have known for some time that viruses can kill tumour cells and some aspects of the work have already been published in scientific journals. Journal意思是日報、期刊、雜志)

　　8. 答案：D (見第9段第1句：Prof Seymours innovative solution is to mask the virus from the bodys immune system, mask的意思是掩蓋、隱蔽、偽裝， 在這里和 disguise同義。)

　　9. 答案：B (見第11段第2句： If they escape from the tumour, the copies will be quickly recognised and mopped up by the bodys immune system.. mop up這里與 wipe out 同義，意思是消滅、殲滅。)

　　10.答案：disable (見第13段最后1句：For safety reasons, both will be disabled to make them less pathogenic in the trial, but Prof Seymour said he eventually hopes to use natural viruses. )

　　11. 答案：natural ones (見第13段最后1句：For safety reasons, both will be disabled to make them less pathogenic in the trial, but Prof Seymour said he eventually hopes to use natural viruses. )

　　12. 答案：dosage (見第14段第1句：The first trials will use uncoated adenovirus and vaccinia and will be delivered locally to liver tumours, in order to establish whether the treatment is safe in humans and what dose of virus will be needed.)

　　13. 答案：directed (見第14段最后1句：Though the approach will be examined at first for cancers that do not respond to conventional treatments, )

　　雅思閱讀模擬題：new weapon to fight cancer

　　1. British scientists are preparing to launch trials of a radical new way to fight cancer, which kills tumours by infecting them with viruses like the common cold.

　　2. If successful, virus therapy could eventually form a third pillar alongside radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the standard arsenal against cancer, while avoiding some of the debilitating side-effects.

　　3. Leonard Seymour, a professor of gene therapy at Oxford University, who has been working on the virus therapy with colleagues in London and the US, will lead the trials later this year. Cancer Research UK said yesterday that it was excited by the potential of Prof Seymours pioneering techniques.

　　4. One of the countrys leading geneticists, Prof Seymour has been working with viruses that kill cancer cells directly, while avoiding harm to healthy tissue. In principle, youve got something which could be many times more effective than regular chemotherapy, he said.

　　5. Cancer-killing viruses exploit the fact that cancer cells suppress the bodys local immune system. If a cancer doesnt do that, the immune system wipes it out. If you can get a virus into a tumour, viruses find them a very good place to be because theres no immune system to stop them replicating. You can regard it as the cancers Achilles heel.

　　6. Only a small amount of the virus needs to get to the cancer. They replicate, you get a million copies in each cell and the cell bursts and they infect the tumour cells adjacent and repeat the process, said Prof Seymour.

　　7. Preliminary research on mice shows that the viruses work well on tumours resistant to standard cancer drugs. Its an interesting possibility that they may have an advantage in killing drug-resistant tumours, which could be quite different to anything weve had before.

　　8. Researchers have known for some time that viruses can kill tumour cells and some aspects of the work have already been published in scientific journals. American scientists have previously injected viruses directly into tumours but this technique will not work if the cancer is inaccessible or has spread throughout the body.

　　9. Prof Seymours innovative solution is to mask the virus from the bodys immune system, effectively allowing the viruses to do what chemotherapy drugs do - spread through the blood and reach tumours wherever they are. The big hurdle has always been to find a way to deliver viruses to tumours via the bloodstream without the bodys immune system destroying them on the way.

　　10. What weve done is make chemical modifications to the virus to put a polymer coat around it - its a stealth virus when you inject it, he said.

　　11. After the stealth virus infects the tumour, it replicates, but the copies do not have the chemical modifications. If they escape from the tumour, the copies will be quickly recognised and mopped up by the bodys immune system.

　　12. The therapy would be especially useful for secondary cancers, called metastases, which sometimes spread around the body after the first tumour appears. Theres an awful statistic of patients in the west ... with malignant cancers; 75% of them go on to die from metastases, said Prof Seymour.

　　13. Two viruses are likely to be examined in the first clinical trials: adenovirus, which normally causes a cold-like illness, and vaccinia, which causes cowpox and is also used in the vaccine against smallpox. For safety reasons, both will be disabled to make them less pathogenic in the trial, but Prof Seymour said he eventually hopes to use natural viruses.

　　14. The first trials will use uncoated adenovirus and vaccinia and will be delivered locally to liver tumours, in order to establish whether the treatment is safe in humans and what dose of virus will be needed. Several more years of trials will be needed, eventually also on the polymer-coated viruses, before the therapy can be considered for use in the NHS. Though the approach will be examined at first for cancers that do not respond to conventional treatments, Prof Seymour hopes that one day it might be applied to all cancers.(665 words)

　　Questions 1-6

　　Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? For questions 1-6 write

　　TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

　　FALSE if the statement contradicts the information

　　NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage

　　1.Virus therapy, if successful, has an advantage in eliminating side-effects.

　　2.Cancer Research UK is quite hopeful about Professor Seymours work on the virus therapy.

　　3.Virus can kill cancer cells and stop them from growing again.

　　4.Cancers Achilles heel refers to the fact that virus may stay safely in a tumor and replicate.

　　5.To infect the cancer cells, a good deal of viruses should be injected into the tumor.

　　6.Researches on animals indicate that virus could be used as a new way to treat drug-resistant tumors.

　　Question 7-9

　　Based on the reading passage, choose the appropriate letter from A-D for each answer.

　　7.Information about researches on viruses killing tumor cells can be found

　　(A) on TV

　　(B) in magazines

　　(C) on internet

　　(D) in newspapers

　　8.To treat tumors spreading out in body, researchers try to

　　(A) change the body immune system

　　(B) inject chemotherapy drugs into bloodstream.

　　(C) increase the amount of injection

　　(D) disguise the viruses on the way to tumors.

　　9.When the chemical modified virus in tumor replicates, the copies

　　(A) will soon escape from the tumor and spread out.

　　(B) will be wiped out by the bodys immune system.

　　(C) will be immediately recognized by the researchers.

　　(D) will eventually stop the tumor from spreading out.

　　Questions 10-13

　　Complete the sentences below. Choose your answers from the list of words. You can only use each word once.

　　NB There are more words in the list than spaces so you will not use them all.

　　In the first clinical trials, scientists will try to 10 adenovirus and vaccinia, so both the viruses will be less pathogenic than the 11.These uncoated viruses will be applied directly to certain areas to confirm safety on human beings and the right 12 needed. The experiments will firstly be 13to the treatment of certain cancers

　　List of Words

　　dosage responding smallpox virus

　　disable natural ones inject

　　directed treatment cold-like illness

　　kill patients examined

　　Answers Keys:

　　1.答案：FALSE (見第2段：If successful, virus therapy could eventually form a third pillar alongside radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the standard arsenal against cancer, while avoiding some of the debilitating side-effects. Virus therapy 只能避免一些副作用，而不是根除。)

　　2.答案：TRUE (見第3段，特別是最后一句： Cancer Research UK said yesterday that it was excited by the potential of Prof Seymours pioneering techniques. )

　　3. 答案：NOT GIVEN (文中沒有提到virus可以抑制腫瘤細胞再生長)

　　4. 答案：TRUE (見第5段第3、4句： 這里cancers Achilles heel指 If you can get a virus into a tumour, viruses find them a very good place to be because theres no immune system to stop them replicating. Achilles heel的意思是唯一致命弱點)

　　5. 答案：FALSE (見第6段第第1句：Only a small amount of the virus needs to get to the cancer.)

　　6. 答案：TRUE (見第7段：Preliminary research on mice shows that the viruses work well on tumours resistant to standard cancer drug. , which could be quite different to anything weve had before. )

　　7. 答案：B (見第8段第1、2句：Researchers have known for some time that viruses can kill tumour cells and some aspects of the work have already been published in scientific journals. Journal意思是日報、期刊、雜志)

　　8. 答案：D (見第9段第1句：Prof Seymours innovative solution is to mask the virus from the bodys immune system, mask的意思是掩蓋、隱蔽、偽裝， 在這里和 disguise同義。)

　　9. 答案：B (見第11段第2句： If they escape from the tumour, the copies will be quickly recognised and mopped up by the bodys immune system.. mop up這里與 wipe out 同義，意思是消滅、殲滅。)

　　10.答案：disable (見第13段最后1句：For safety reasons, both will be disabled to make them less pathogenic in the trial, but Prof Seymour said he eventually hopes to use natural viruses. )

　　11. 答案：natural ones (見第13段最后1句：For safety reasons, both will be disabled to make them less pathogenic in the trial, but Prof Seymour said he eventually hopes to use natural viruses. )

　　12. 答案：dosage (見第14段第1句：The first trials will use uncoated adenovirus and vaccinia and will be delivered locally to liver tumours, in order to establish whether the treatment is safe in humans and what dose of virus will be needed.)

　　13. 答案：directed (見第14段最后1句：Though the approach will be examined at first for cancers that do not respond to conventional treatments, )