大學(xué)英語四六級考試選擇填空
選擇填空新四級新題之一
I.考點(diǎn)分析：妙手空空術(shù)
簡要交代一要考試形式：與傳統(tǒng)考題的完形相似，但十個空格有A到O十五個選項(xiàng)，要求考生選擇正確的單詞填入文章。
選詞填空，當(dāng)然要考詞匯。但比之以往專門的詞匯題不同的是，它是更完全的更高層次的考察;與此前傳統(tǒng)閱讀理解里的詞匯題相比，只是后者的一個擴(kuò)展，實(shí)質(zhì)并無不同。它們所考察的，都是在篇章中對詞匯的把握。其實(shí)也就是：遇到生詞怎么辦?有句子，有文章，你搞定給我看!再直白一點(diǎn)：考的就是在上下文中猜測詞義的能力妙手空空!
所以這種考察不是莫名其妙的，而是為了糾正我們詞匯學(xué)習(xí)中的一大誤區(qū)：只知背，不會猜。從來都不乏這樣一個似乎天經(jīng)地義的觀念：不認(rèn)識單詞，怎么懂得句子?而真相往往是：抓住了句子文章的要點(diǎn)，單詞不在話下。這些要點(diǎn)是什么?我們一邊講解題方法，一邊體會。
II.解題方法
一、盡量辨性
把十五個選項(xiàng)按詞性分別歸入名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞等類別。辨性要注意下面幾點(diǎn)。
1.動詞還要兩分，那就是謂語和非謂語動詞。所謂非謂語動詞，就是-ing, -ed, to do型的，其它的都是謂語動詞。但-ed型的有兩種可能性，無法確定的要先打問號。
2.記不得的，看后綴。有構(gòu)詞法中，前綴管意思，后綴管詞性。所以看一個詞的尾巴，往往能大致分出詞性。請參照附件英語后綴。
3.分不出的，詞性不一定無法確定的，暫時擱置，不必賭氣誓死糾纏，結(jié)果可能把自己纏死。
4.作出相應(yīng)的標(biāo)記。可直接用自己最清楚的符號清楚標(biāo)在每個詞前后。不清楚的都標(biāo)問號。
以真題為例，其選項(xiàng)如下：
A) estimate;B) strength;C) deliberately;D) notify;E) tropical;F) phenomenon;G) stable;H) attraction;I) completely;J) destructive;K) starvation;L) bringing;M) exhaustion;N) worth;O) strike
名詞：B,F,H,K,M
謂語動詞：A,D,O
非謂語動詞：L
形容詞：E, G, J, N
副詞：C和I
注意：所謂的盡量辨性一是要窮盡一切辦法，不要說不認(rèn)識就拉倒。即使從沒見過，也想辦法看能否判斷其詞性，這也是閱讀中的要旨。詞的性質(zhì)有時比詞義還重要。第二是盡量辨了就行，不一定每個都能辨出來。詞的性質(zhì)并不總是固定的，有些不認(rèn)識的又沒其它辦法，可先擱置，不要過度糾纏。
二、靈活求解
將選項(xiàng)分類之后，就得從文章中來尋找對應(yīng)的線索了。選項(xiàng)與文章匹配的因素有兩個，第一是詞性，第二才是詞義。所以在讀文章時，要通過各種手段來確定空格的詞性與意義。
1.確定詞性，確定在選項(xiàng)中的選擇范圍
1)關(guān)于動詞的判斷
l 前后都是名詞短語，中間是動詞
l 根據(jù)一句有且只有一個謂動的原則，其它地方如無謂語動詞，則需要謂語動詞;反之則不需要謂語動詞。
Nowadays, weather experts are able to forecast when an El Nino will 55 , but..
Scientists 54 this to be the longest El Nino for 2,000 years.
l 一個完整的句子之后再跟逗號，后面一般是非謂語動詞短語。
The rainfall is increased across South America, 50 floods to Peru.
2)其它詞的判斷
l 形容詞或名詞修飾名詞，限定詞后必有名詞
This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.
The hot, humid air over the ocean causes severe 49 thunderstorms.
El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1981-83 El Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history.
l 副詞修飾形容詞或動詞
, but they are still not 56 sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.
l 謂語動詞前有名詞主語
This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.
l 介詞后面必有名詞
As the trade winds lessen in 48 , the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 C.
二、句里句外，猜測詞義
一看搭配：主謂賓、主系表與修飾
詞直接的搭配關(guān)系決定著詞的意義。所以先看它被誰修飾，與誰形成主謂賓關(guān)系。看一種關(guān)系不行就看另一個，靈活處之。
This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.
Strange修飾47，也許看不出來是什么，再看47與happen形成主謂關(guān)系，能夠發(fā)生的是什么?最好的當(dāng)然是現(xiàn)象。
二看邏輯：
1.句內(nèi)
As the trade winds lessen in 48, the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 C.
此句有一個狀語從句，as表示的時間或因果關(guān)系，是重要的解題線索。風(fēng)的什么減少，溫度就下降，當(dāng)然是風(fēng)的速度或風(fēng)力。
So while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and 51.
空格與前面兩個名詞并列，意味著意思相類。與干旱、收成不好一家的，很容易選出starvation饑荒.
2.前文
This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.
This告訴我們，此處是重提前面講到過的某個東西。前面講到過的核心概念就是El Nino, 無疑是一種天氣現(xiàn)象。
表示可從前文找相應(yīng)線索的有兩類。
與this一大類的還有：This/these/such; the same/similar; worse/better/more/less等。
還有就是表示邏輯關(guān)系的句間連詞，或者叫連接副詞。主要的如下。
遞進(jìn)：Moreover/furthermore/whatmore/besides/in addition/even/also
轉(zhuǎn)折：however/but/rather/instead
因果：therefore/consequently/accordingly/thus/hence
3.后文
El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1981-83 El Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history. Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage.
段落開始部分，提出一個總的概括性的說法。往往在下文有分述。El Nino究竟帶來的是什么樣的天氣，后面一句就交代得十分清楚。
三看習(xí)慣用法：固定搭配
Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage.
此處考的是worth這個詞的特殊用法。它本是一個形容詞，但可用?worth of sth, 來表明價值某物的某東西。
III.總結(jié)
選擇填空考的是猜測詞義的能力，其核心在于通過各種線索來確定詞性和意義，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)成功匹配。解題方法也相應(yīng)產(chǎn)生。
先通過詞的后綴等對選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行合理的分類，分不出的可先模糊處理。
再通過文章逐一確定空格所需要的詞性和意義。它需要看句子中此詞所處的位置，它的周邊環(huán)境。
有時甚至需要跳出此句，看前文或后文。如指代詞/句間連詞告訴我們要向前尋找;而段首的抽象表達(dá)可能要從下文找到鑰匙。
1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或職業(yè)的人或物：worker, debtor
2)-acy, 表示性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)，境遇 democracy, accuracy, diplomacy
3)-ance, -ence表示性質(zhì)，狀況，行為，過程，總量，程度 importance, diligence, difference, obedience
4)-ancy, -ency, 表示性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)，行為，過程 frequency, urgency, efficiency,
5)-bility, 表示動作，性質(zhì)，狀態(tài) possibility, flexibility, feasibility,
6)-dom, 表示等級，領(lǐng)域，狀態(tài) freedom, kingdom, wisdom
7)-hood, 表示資格，身份, 年紀(jì)，狀態(tài) childhood, manhood, falsehood
8)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示行為的過程，結(jié)果，狀況 action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction
9)-ism, 表示制度，主義，學(xué)說，信仰，行為 socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism
10)-ity, 表示性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)，程度 purity, reality, ability, calamity
11)-ment, 表示行為，狀態(tài)，過程，手段及其結(jié)果 treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument
12)-ness, 表示性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)，程度 goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness
13)-ship, 表示情況，性質(zhì)，技巧，技能及身份，職業(yè) hardship, membership, friendship
14)-th, 表示動作，性質(zhì)，過程，狀態(tài) depth, wealth, truth, length, growth
15)-tude, 表示性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)，程度 latitude, altitude
16)-ure, 表示行為，結(jié)果 exposure, pressure, failure, procedure，
17-grapy, 表示學(xué)，寫法 biography, calligraphy, geography
18)-ic, ics, 表示學(xué)法 logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics
19)-ology, 表示學(xué)論biology, zoology, technology
20)-nomy, 表示學(xué)術(shù) astronomy, economy, bionomy
2. 形容詞后綴
帶有屬性，傾向，相關(guān)的含義
1)-able, -ible, visible, flexible
2)名詞-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish
3)-ive, active, sensitive, productive
4)-like, manlike, childlike
5)名詞-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly
6)-some, troublesome, handsome
7)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful
8)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various
9)-ent, violent
10)-most, foremost, topmost
less, 表示否定，countless, stainless, wireless
3. 動詞后綴
1)-ize, ise, 表示做成，變成，化modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize
2)-en, 表示使成為，引起，使有 quicken, weaken, soften, harden
3)-fy, 表示使化, 使成beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify
4)-ish, 表示使，令 finish, abolish, diminish, establish
5)-ate, 表示成為，處理，作用 separate, operate, indicate
4. 副詞后綴
-ly：badbadly壞地/惡劣地，carefulcarefully小心地
-wise：clockclockwise順時針方向的;likelikewise同樣地
-wards：outoutwards向外面地，northnorthwards向北方地
附二：真題及參考答案
El Nino is the name given to the mysterious and often unpredictable change in the climate of the world. This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.
It starts in the Pacific Ocean and is thought to be caused by a failure in the trade winds, which affects the ocean currents driven by these winds. As the trade winds lessen in 48 , the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 C.
The warming of the ocean has far-reaching effects. The hot, humid air over the ocean causes severe 49 thunderstorms. The rainfall is increased across South America, 50 floods to Peru. In the West Pacific, there are droughts affecting Australia and Indonesia. So while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and 51.
El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1981-83 El Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history. Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage. The 1990 El Nino lasted until June 1995. Scientists 54 this to be the longest El Nino for 2,000 years.
Nowadays, weather experts are able to forecast when an El Nino will 55 , but they are still not 56 sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.
A) estimate
B) strength
C) deliberately
D) notify
E) tropical
F) phenomenon
G) stable
H) attraction
I) completely
J) destructive
K) starvation
L) bringing
M) exhaustion
N) worth
O) strike
參考答案：
47. P phenomenon
48. B strength
49. E tropical
50. L bringing
51. K starvation
52. J destructive
53. N worth
54. A estimate
55. O strike
56. I completely
選擇填空新四級新題之一
I.考點(diǎn)分析：妙手空空術(shù)
簡要交代一要考試形式：與傳統(tǒng)考題的完形相似，但十個空格有A到O十五個選項(xiàng)，要求考生選擇正確的單詞填入文章。
選詞填空，當(dāng)然要考詞匯。但比之以往專門的詞匯題不同的是，它是更完全的更高層次的考察;與此前傳統(tǒng)閱讀理解里的詞匯題相比，只是后者的一個擴(kuò)展，實(shí)質(zhì)并無不同。它們所考察的，都是在篇章中對詞匯的把握。其實(shí)也就是：遇到生詞怎么辦?有句子，有文章，你搞定給我看!再直白一點(diǎn)：考的就是在上下文中猜測詞義的能力妙手空空!
所以這種考察不是莫名其妙的，而是為了糾正我們詞匯學(xué)習(xí)中的一大誤區(qū)：只知背，不會猜。從來都不乏這樣一個似乎天經(jīng)地義的觀念：不認(rèn)識單詞，怎么懂得句子?而真相往往是：抓住了句子文章的要點(diǎn)，單詞不在話下。這些要點(diǎn)是什么?我們一邊講解題方法，一邊體會。
II.解題方法
一、盡量辨性
把十五個選項(xiàng)按詞性分別歸入名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞等類別。辨性要注意下面幾點(diǎn)。
1.動詞還要兩分，那就是謂語和非謂語動詞。所謂非謂語動詞，就是-ing, -ed, to do型的，其它的都是謂語動詞。但-ed型的有兩種可能性，無法確定的要先打問號。
2.記不得的，看后綴。有構(gòu)詞法中，前綴管意思，后綴管詞性。所以看一個詞的尾巴，往往能大致分出詞性。請參照附件英語后綴。
3.分不出的，詞性不一定無法確定的，暫時擱置，不必賭氣誓死糾纏，結(jié)果可能把自己纏死。
4.作出相應(yīng)的標(biāo)記。可直接用自己最清楚的符號清楚標(biāo)在每個詞前后。不清楚的都標(biāo)問號。
以真題為例，其選項(xiàng)如下：
A) estimate;B) strength;C) deliberately;D) notify;E) tropical;F) phenomenon;G) stable;H) attraction;I) completely;J) destructive;K) starvation;L) bringing;M) exhaustion;N) worth;O) strike
名詞：B,F,H,K,M
謂語動詞：A,D,O
非謂語動詞：L
形容詞：E, G, J, N
副詞：C和I
注意：所謂的盡量辨性一是要窮盡一切辦法，不要說不認(rèn)識就拉倒。即使從沒見過，也想辦法看能否判斷其詞性，這也是閱讀中的要旨。詞的性質(zhì)有時比詞義還重要。第二是盡量辨了就行，不一定每個都能辨出來。詞的性質(zhì)并不總是固定的，有些不認(rèn)識的又沒其它辦法，可先擱置，不要過度糾纏。
二、靈活求解
將選項(xiàng)分類之后，就得從文章中來尋找對應(yīng)的線索了。選項(xiàng)與文章匹配的因素有兩個，第一是詞性，第二才是詞義。所以在讀文章時，要通過各種手段來確定空格的詞性與意義。
1.確定詞性，確定在選項(xiàng)中的選擇范圍
1)關(guān)于動詞的判斷
l 前后都是名詞短語，中間是動詞
l 根據(jù)一句有且只有一個謂動的原則，其它地方如無謂語動詞，則需要謂語動詞;反之則不需要謂語動詞。
Nowadays, weather experts are able to forecast when an El Nino will 55 , but..
Scientists 54 this to be the longest El Nino for 2,000 years.
l 一個完整的句子之后再跟逗號，后面一般是非謂語動詞短語。
The rainfall is increased across South America, 50 floods to Peru.
2)其它詞的判斷
l 形容詞或名詞修飾名詞，限定詞后必有名詞
This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.
The hot, humid air over the ocean causes severe 49 thunderstorms.
El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1981-83 El Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history.
l 副詞修飾形容詞或動詞
, but they are still not 56 sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.
l 謂語動詞前有名詞主語
This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.
l 介詞后面必有名詞
As the trade winds lessen in 48 , the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 C.
二、句里句外，猜測詞義
一看搭配：主謂賓、主系表與修飾
詞直接的搭配關(guān)系決定著詞的意義。所以先看它被誰修飾，與誰形成主謂賓關(guān)系。看一種關(guān)系不行就看另一個，靈活處之。
This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.
Strange修飾47，也許看不出來是什么，再看47與happen形成主謂關(guān)系，能夠發(fā)生的是什么?最好的當(dāng)然是現(xiàn)象。
二看邏輯：
1.句內(nèi)
As the trade winds lessen in 48, the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 C.
此句有一個狀語從句，as表示的時間或因果關(guān)系，是重要的解題線索。風(fēng)的什么減少，溫度就下降，當(dāng)然是風(fēng)的速度或風(fēng)力。
So while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and 51.
空格與前面兩個名詞并列，意味著意思相類。與干旱、收成不好一家的，很容易選出starvation饑荒.
2.前文
This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.
This告訴我們，此處是重提前面講到過的某個東西。前面講到過的核心概念就是El Nino, 無疑是一種天氣現(xiàn)象。
表示可從前文找相應(yīng)線索的有兩類。
與this一大類的還有：This/these/such; the same/similar; worse/better/more/less等。
還有就是表示邏輯關(guān)系的句間連詞，或者叫連接副詞。主要的如下。
遞進(jìn)：Moreover/furthermore/whatmore/besides/in addition/even/also
轉(zhuǎn)折：however/but/rather/instead
因果：therefore/consequently/accordingly/thus/hence
3.后文
El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1981-83 El Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history. Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage.
段落開始部分，提出一個總的概括性的說法。往往在下文有分述。El Nino究竟帶來的是什么樣的天氣，后面一句就交代得十分清楚。
三看習(xí)慣用法：固定搭配
Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage.
此處考的是worth這個詞的特殊用法。它本是一個形容詞，但可用?worth of sth, 來表明價值某物的某東西。
III.總結(jié)
選擇填空考的是猜測詞義的能力，其核心在于通過各種線索來確定詞性和意義，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)成功匹配。解題方法也相應(yīng)產(chǎn)生。
先通過詞的后綴等對選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行合理的分類，分不出的可先模糊處理。
再通過文章逐一確定空格所需要的詞性和意義。它需要看句子中此詞所處的位置，它的周邊環(huán)境。
有時甚至需要跳出此句，看前文或后文。如指代詞/句間連詞告訴我們要向前尋找;而段首的抽象表達(dá)可能要從下文找到鑰匙。
1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或職業(yè)的人或物：worker, debtor
2)-acy, 表示性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)，境遇 democracy, accuracy, diplomacy
3)-ance, -ence表示性質(zhì)，狀況，行為，過程，總量，程度 importance, diligence, difference, obedience
4)-ancy, -ency, 表示性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)，行為，過程 frequency, urgency, efficiency,
5)-bility, 表示動作，性質(zhì)，狀態(tài) possibility, flexibility, feasibility,
6)-dom, 表示等級，領(lǐng)域，狀態(tài) freedom, kingdom, wisdom
7)-hood, 表示資格，身份, 年紀(jì)，狀態(tài) childhood, manhood, falsehood
8)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示行為的過程，結(jié)果，狀況 action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction
9)-ism, 表示制度，主義，學(xué)說，信仰，行為 socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism
10)-ity, 表示性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)，程度 purity, reality, ability, calamity
11)-ment, 表示行為，狀態(tài)，過程，手段及其結(jié)果 treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument
12)-ness, 表示性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)，程度 goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness
13)-ship, 表示情況，性質(zhì)，技巧，技能及身份，職業(yè) hardship, membership, friendship
14)-th, 表示動作，性質(zhì)，過程，狀態(tài) depth, wealth, truth, length, growth
15)-tude, 表示性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)，程度 latitude, altitude
16)-ure, 表示行為，結(jié)果 exposure, pressure, failure, procedure，
17-grapy, 表示學(xué)，寫法 biography, calligraphy, geography
18)-ic, ics, 表示學(xué)法 logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics
19)-ology, 表示學(xué)論biology, zoology, technology
20)-nomy, 表示學(xué)術(shù) astronomy, economy, bionomy
2. 形容詞后綴
帶有屬性，傾向，相關(guān)的含義
1)-able, -ible, visible, flexible
2)名詞-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish
3)-ive, active, sensitive, productive
4)-like, manlike, childlike
5)名詞-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly
6)-some, troublesome, handsome
7)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful
8)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various
9)-ent, violent
10)-most, foremost, topmost
less, 表示否定，countless, stainless, wireless
3. 動詞后綴
1)-ize, ise, 表示做成，變成，化modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize
2)-en, 表示使成為，引起，使有 quicken, weaken, soften, harden
3)-fy, 表示使化, 使成beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify
4)-ish, 表示使，令 finish, abolish, diminish, establish
5)-ate, 表示成為，處理，作用 separate, operate, indicate
4. 副詞后綴
-ly：badbadly壞地/惡劣地，carefulcarefully小心地
-wise：clockclockwise順時針方向的;likelikewise同樣地
-wards：outoutwards向外面地，northnorthwards向北方地
附二：真題及參考答案
El Nino is the name given to the mysterious and often unpredictable change in the climate of the world. This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.
It starts in the Pacific Ocean and is thought to be caused by a failure in the trade winds, which affects the ocean currents driven by these winds. As the trade winds lessen in 48 , the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 C.
The warming of the ocean has far-reaching effects. The hot, humid air over the ocean causes severe 49 thunderstorms. The rainfall is increased across South America, 50 floods to Peru. In the West Pacific, there are droughts affecting Australia and Indonesia. So while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and 51.
El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1981-83 El Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history. Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage. The 1990 El Nino lasted until June 1995. Scientists 54 this to be the longest El Nino for 2,000 years.
Nowadays, weather experts are able to forecast when an El Nino will 55 , but they are still not 56 sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.
A) estimate
B) strength
C) deliberately
D) notify
E) tropical
F) phenomenon
G) stable
H) attraction
I) completely
J) destructive
K) starvation
L) bringing
M) exhaustion
N) worth
O) strike
參考答案：
47. P phenomenon
48. B strength
49. E tropical
50. L bringing
51. K starvation
52. J destructive
53. N worth
54. A estimate
55. O strike
56. I completely
