Group 1：

　　1. What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.

　　2. It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.

　　3. I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of juggling your life , and making the alternative move into downshifting brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.

　　4. This eye-on-the-consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for purchase.

　　5. When a packaging expert explained that he was able to multiply the price of hard sweets by 2.5, from 1dollar to 2.50 dollars by changing to a fancy jar, or that he had made a 5-ounce bottle look as though it held 8 ounces, he was in effect telling the public that packaging can be a very expensive luxury.

　　6. It has also been proposed that just because we know so much about people intuitively, there has been less incentive for studying them scientifically: why should one develop a theory, carry out systematic observations, or make predictions about the obvious?

　　7. The fact that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree answered the question he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens, the moon and the planets.

　　8. The issue of whether life ever existed on the planet, and whether it persists to this day, has been highlighted by mounting evidence that the Red Planet once had abundant stable, liquid water and by the continuing controversy over suggestions that bacterial fossils rode to Earth on a meteorite from Mars.

　　9. The manufacturer who increases the unit price of his product by changing his package size to lower the quantity delivered can, without undue hardship, put his product into boxes, bags, and tins that will contain even 4-ounce, 8-ounce, one-pound, two-pound quantities of breakfast foods, cake mixes, etc.

　　10. And the limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies.

　　11. We will be faced with a situation where many of the users of these dictionaries will at the very least have distinct socio cultural perspectives and may have world views which are totally opposed and even hostile to those of the West.

　　12. But my own worry today is less that of the overwhelming problem of elemental literacy than it is of the slightly more luxurious problem of the decline in the skill even of the middle-class reader, of his unwillingness to afford those spaces of silence, those luxuries of domesticity and time and concentration, that surround the image of the classic act of reading.

　　13. If American workers, for example, take much longer to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany , the effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany than it is in the United States.

　　14. While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.

　　15. His attempt to buttress his security credentials by ordering a callous 17-day bombardment of Lebanon that killed as many as 300 civilians alienated many more Israeli-Arab voters than it earned him Jewish ones.

　　16. Nowhere could this be done more surely than at Yale, which was not only elite and distinguished but also experimental and adaptable to the free-form culture of the era.

　　17. The desire that men feel to increase their income is quite as much a desire for success as for the extra comforts that a higher income can obtain.

　　18. As regards our foreign policy, it is no less our interest than our duty to maintain the most friendly relations with other countries.

　　19. It would have been impossible for me to have told anyone what I derived from these novels, it was nothing less than a sense of life itself.

　　20.The company of 77 gymnasts, dancers, jugglers, magicians, musicians and artists puts together something that is much more than a collection of stunts.

　　21. Colleges and universities across the nation have decided to do more than talk about the rise in student cheating.

　　22. It seems then, that these two branches of science are mutually dependent and interacting, and that the so-called division between the pure scientists and applied scientists is more apparent than real.

　　23. His initial willingness to experiment with reforms stemmed not so much from a love of democracy as from his recognition that without reform, his country and the government would slide toward economic ruin.

　　24. According to the new school of scientists, science moves forward not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.

　　25. Nothing is more problematic for a small group of quite different, unique individuals than to live in close quarters, in close harmony with each other.

　　26. No issue is more emotion-rousing than food, because no issue is as basic to individual and national survival as food.

　　Group 2

　　1. Tensions grounded in financial problems often play a key role in ending a marriage.

　　2. One reason for this change was the increasing emphasis given to the historical approach to man.

　　3. The more women and minorities make their way into the ranks of management, the more they seem to want to talk about things formerly judged to be best left unsaid.

　　4. Social security benefits are granted under conditions designed to reduce likelihood of even the boldest of spirits attempting to live on the State rather than work.

　　5. He envisaged a time when soldiers who are wounded fighting overseas are put in mobile surgical units equipped with computers.

　　6. An education that aims at getting a student a certain kind of education is a technical education justified for reasons radically different from why education is universally required by law.

　　7. During the transfer, traditional methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.

　　8. Given the complexities and ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse constituents executives perceived that conflict led to more considered and acceptable decisions.

　　9. Growth brought with it increased variety in consumer goods, but not increased flexibility for the home economy in obtaining these goods and services.

　　Group 3.

　　1. Future built-in computer systems may be used to automatically get business information over the Internet and manage personal affairs while the vehicle s owner is driving.

　　2. One of these ghosts has now been laid, because it seems that even an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to eight times its present value will produce an increase in temperature of only 2℃, which would take place over several thousand years.

　　3.The coming of age of postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-ages who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs.

　　4.Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest breakthroughs and discoverers to take place.

　　5.In modern industrialized societies, prices of services or goods produced in a context requiring a high service-content are likely to rise more rapidly than prices of goods capable of mass-production on a large scale.

　　6. The energies of the people of low-income countries are more likely to be harnessed to the task of economic development where the policies of their governments aim to offer economic opportunity for all and to reduce excessive social inequalities.

　　7. Such chicken-raising demands capital for building and machinery, extensive use of energy resources for automation, and involves feeding chickens with potential famine-relief protein food.

　　8. They agreed, however, that reliable information on that vital subject was meager and that it would serve the public interest to establish an organization that would undertake objective studies of the size and distribution of the national income

　　Group 4.

　　1.Whether to use tests, other kinds of information, or both in particular situation depends, therefore, upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.

　　2. If parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment, they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it.

　　3. Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are good and others are bad , and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life-from what foods we eat and what clothes we wear to how we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept.

　　4.As a young man in politics, I was trying to figure out how to reconcile my natural desire to have people be civilized and be on good terms with one another and really respect each other and the need to stake out your ground and be in opposition to people who disagree with you.

　　5. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.

　　6. The urban environment should offer as many recreation activities as possible, and the design of these has to be such that more obligatory activities can also have a recreative aspect.

　　7.Specifically, managers in not-for-profit organizations strongly believed that conflict was beneficial to their organizations and that it promoted higher quality decision making than might be achieved in the absence of conflict.

　　8. In parallel with this quick expansion of worldwide communications capacity came the development and volume production of digital computers and related information processing systems, and the rapid development and expansion of the worldwide system of jet transportation.

　　9. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.

　　10. Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they re less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community.

　　11. Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rest upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.

　　12. Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.

　　13. But he talked as well about the balanced struggle between creative freedom and social responsibility, and he announced that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music.

　　14. How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends on the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.

　　Group 5

　　1. Everyone agrees a system that is feeling the strain after rapid expansion needs a lot more money but there is little hope of getting it from the taxpayer and not much scope for attracting more finance from business.

　　2. I have often tried to conceive of what those pages might contain, but of course I cannot do so because I am a prisoner of the present-day world.

　　3.The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful.

　　4. It is doubtful whether the radio and the movie are more important than the telegraph and telephone, but they have brought more new words into general use.

　　5. He has never mixed with them or spoken to them on equal terms, but has demanded and generally received a respect due to his position and superior intelligence.

　　6. There was a huge library near the riverfront, but I knew that Negroes were not allowed to patronize its shelves any more than they were the parks and playgrounds of the city.

　　7. There is no evidence that Diana would have behaved other than devotedly to her husband and family if she hadn t been forced to acknowledge that her husband wasn t only having a clandestine affair with another man s wife, but had been having this affair for years.

　　8. But even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers.

　　9. Advanced learners from this kind background will not only evaluate a dictionary on how user-friendly it is but will also have definite views about the scope and appropriateness of the various socio-cultural entries.

　　10. Petroleum-related technology has flourished during the postwar period, but the most startling development is the extent to which our nation has failed to use other available and applicable technology in addressing our major energy needs for conservation and supply and early development of new energy-efficient products.

　　Group 6

　　1. The hard test is whether in 50 years Americans will look back at 1998 and say that we raised the bar for public office so high that only saints need apply, or that we dropped it so low that moral authority fell out of the job description.

　　2. But even he was unable to discover how long the gorilla lives, or how or why it dies, nor was he able to define the exact social pattern of the family groups, or indicate the final extent of their intelligence.

　　3. Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement.

　　Group 7

　　1. It is a curious paradox that we think of the physical sciences as hard , the social sciences as soft , and the biological sciences as somewhere in between.

　　2. Thus man was defined as a rational being, as a social animal, an animal that can make tools, or a symbol-making animal.

　　3. New forms of thoughts as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.

　　4. But as useful as computers are, they re nowhere close to achieving anything remotely resembling these early aspirations for humanlike behavior.

　　5. Never mind something as complex as conversation: the most powerful computers struggle to reliably recognize the shape of an object, the most elementary of tasks for a ten-month-old kid.

　　6. The biographer has to work with the position he or she has in the world, adjusting that position as necessary to deal with the subject.

　　7. There are those who assert that the switch to an information-based economy is in the same camp as other great historical milestones, particularly the Industrial Revolution.