2023復習正是強化復習階段，在考研英語中占了40分，所以考研英語閱讀是英語科目中重要的一項。名師老師曾建議過考研生需要堅持每天泛讀10-15分鐘的英文原刊。強烈推薦了雜志《經濟學人》.雜志中的文章也是考研英語的主要材料來源.希望考研考生認真閱讀，快速提高考研英語閱讀水平。 　　Credit cards 　　信用卡 　　Skimming off the top 　　偷蒙拐騙 　　Why America has such a high rate of payment-cardfraud. 　　美國支付卡詐騙頻發原因何在 　　AMERICA leads the world in many categories: shale-gas production, defence spending,incarceration rates and, alas, payment-card fraud. 　　美國在很多方面都引領世界：頁巖氣生產，國防開銷，監禁率以及，嘖嘖嘖，支付卡詐騙。 　　In December Target, an American retailer, said that hackers had breached its network andstolen payment-card details of about 40m of its customers. 　　去年12月份，美國零售商塔吉特公司表示，黑客入侵了其網絡系統并竊取了約四千萬名顧客的支付卡信息。 　　A few months before the Target breach, roughly 152m customers had their informationstolen in a hack of Adobe Systems. 　　在塔吉特入侵事件發生幾個月之前，一次對Adobe系統的黑客入侵使得大約1億5200萬顧客的信息被盜。 　　Last month Neiman-Marcus, a department store, reported a similar breach. 　　尼曼百貨商店也于上月報道了類似的入侵事件。 　　For crooks, there are rich pickings in such data. 　　對不法分子來說，這些數據有很大的利用價值。 　　Total global payment-card fraud losses were 11.3 billion in 2023, up nearly 15% from theprior year. 　　2023年，全球因支付卡詐騙造成的損失達到113億美元，比前一年增長了15%。 　　The United Statesthe only country in which counterfeit-card fraud is consistentlygrowingaccounted for 47% of that amount, according to the Nilson Report: card issuers lost3.4 billion and merchants another 1.9 billion. 　　美國作為全球唯一一個偽造卡詐騙不斷增加的國家，占到了其中的47%：根據尼爾森報告，持卡人的損失為34億美元，而商戶們則是19億美元。 　　A survey released in 2023 by the Aite Group and ACI Worldwide, a research and apayment-software firm respectively, found that 42% of Americans had experienced someform of payment-card fraud in the preceding five years. 　　研究公司Aite Group和支付軟件公司ACI Worldwide發布于2023年的一項調查結果顯示，42%的美國人在調查之前的5年中都遇到過支付卡詐騙。 　　Nor is it just Americans who are affected: foreigners whose card data is stolen often find thethieves have little trouble waltzing into stores and making purchases with ersatz cards. 　　當然受害的不僅僅是美國人：支付卡信息被盜取的外國顧客也經常發現不法分子輕而易舉地就能在商店里用仿制的支付卡進行購買。 　　Europeans rack up more losses in this way in America than in any other country. 　　歐洲顧客在美因此類手段而遭受的損失要超過在其他地區。 　　In part, fraudsters target the United States because that s where the cards are. 　　詐騙犯瞄準美國的一個原因是，大部分的支付卡都在這里。 　　At the end of 2023 there were 1.2 billion debit, credit and pre-paid cards in circulation inAmericamore than in any other region. 　　在2023年底，在美國流通的借記卡、信用卡和預付卡總數為12億超過任何其他地區。 　　That is nearly five cards per adult. 　　平均每個成年人擁有近5張支付卡。 　　But America also makes things easy for fraudsters: alone among developed countries, it stillrelies exclusively on cards with magnetic strips, which are far less secure than thechip-and-PIN technology used elsewhere. 　　同時美國也讓詐騙犯們更易得手：它是發達國家中唯一依然只使用卡片磁條作為安全手段的。 　　This combines a personal code with a microchip from which it is harder to extract data thana magnetic strip. 　　相比其他地區使用的芯片密碼技術，這要不安全得多。芯片密碼技術將個人密碼存儲在微芯片中，從中提取出信息要比從磁條中提取困難得多。 　　As of 2023, 45% of the world s payment cards and 76% of terminals were equipped to usechip-and-PIN. 　　截至2023年，全世界45%的支付卡和76%的支付終端裝備了使用芯片密碼的設備。 　　By 2011 this technology had brought some forms of card fraud in Britain to their lowest levelin two decades. 　　這項技術在2011年為英國將各種形式的支付卡詐騙降低到了20年中的最低水平。 　　The spread of chipped cards in Canada brought losses from skimmingstealing data fromcredit cardsfrom C142m in 2009 to C38.5m in 2023. 　　而在加拿大，芯片卡的普及也使盜取信用卡信息引起的損失從2009年的1億4200萬加元減少到了2023年的3850萬加元。 　　At a series of Senate hearings earlier this month, Target s CFO said it would spend 100m toroll out chip-and-PIN store-issued credit cards and payment devices that accept them. 　　本月早些時候，在一系列參議院聽證會上，塔吉特的財務總監表示該公司會斥資1億美元推行采用芯片密碼的商店發行信用卡以及相應的支付設備。 　　A consumer advocate urged other card issuers to do the same. 　　消費者呼吁其他支付卡發行商也采取類似措施。 　　Though the switch may cost issuers and merchants as much as 8 billion, interest at long lastappears to be growing. 　　雖然這樣做會給發行商與商戶們增加高達80億美元的開銷，但長期利益將不斷顯現。 　　Many of those costs may be recoverable over time through lower fraud losses. 　　這些花費中的大部分會通過降低詐騙導致的損失而得到補償。 　　Chip-and-PIN would also harmonise American and global standards, making it easier forAmericans to use their cards abroad and foreigners to use theirs in America. 　　芯片密碼技術還會統一美國和全球標準，利于美國民眾在境外以及國外顧客在美國境內刷卡消費。 　　It will make mobile payments easier. 　　這將使移動支付更為便利。 　　And because recent banking regulations have reduced the amount of money banks makefrom interchange fees on debit cards, issuers are looking to trim costs elsewhere. 　　由于銀行業中新出臺的法規使得銀行借記卡交換費的收入減少，支付卡發行方們正想方設法削減開支， 　　Fraud losses no longer seem as manageable as they once did. 　　而詐騙引起的損失看來沒有往日那樣容易控制了。 　　詞語解釋 　　1.account for 導致，引起 　　Do women account for more of today s affairs? 　　如今女性在婚外情中所占比例是不是更大? 　　Philosophers had long wondered how to account foressences. 　　長期以來，哲學家們困惑于如何說明這些本質。 　　2.according to 根據，按照 　　Again this is according to recently declassified information. 　　這也還是根據最近解密的信息得知的。 　　It did not go according to plan. 　　這個妥協方案并沒有按計劃執行。 　　3.rack up 在比賽中獲勝 　　Adding soy can also help you rack up protein. 　　增加大豆也能幫助你獲得蛋白質。 　　We use an online bill-paying service, and we buy almost everything by credit card so we canrack up mileage rewards. 　　我們使用一項網絡付賬服務，用信用卡買幾乎每件東西，因此我們可以累積里程獎勵。 　　4.credit card n.信用卡 　　Review your bank and credit card information regularly. 　　周期性檢查銀行和信用卡信息。 　　Well you can split it with another credit card. 　　那你可以用幾張卡里剩下的一起算。

　　2023復習正是強化復習階段，在考研英語中占了40分，所以考研英語閱讀是英語科目中重要的一項。名師老師曾建議過考研生需要堅持每天泛讀10-15分鐘的英文原刊。強烈推薦了雜志《經濟學人》.雜志中的文章也是考研英語的主要材料來源.希望考研考生認真閱讀，快速提高考研英語閱讀水平。 　　Credit cards 　　信用卡 　　Skimming off the top 　　偷蒙拐騙 　　Why America has such a high rate of payment-cardfraud. 　　美國支付卡詐騙頻發原因何在 　　AMERICA leads the world in many categories: shale-gas production, defence spending,incarceration rates and, alas, payment-card fraud. 　　美國在很多方面都引領世界：頁巖氣生產，國防開銷，監禁率以及，嘖嘖嘖，支付卡詐騙。 　　In December Target, an American retailer, said that hackers had breached its network andstolen payment-card details of about 40m of its customers. 　　去年12月份，美國零售商塔吉特公司表示，黑客入侵了其網絡系統并竊取了約四千萬名顧客的支付卡信息。 　　A few months before the Target breach, roughly 152m customers had their informationstolen in a hack of Adobe Systems. 　　在塔吉特入侵事件發生幾個月之前，一次對Adobe系統的黑客入侵使得大約1億5200萬顧客的信息被盜。 　　Last month Neiman-Marcus, a department store, reported a similar breach. 　　尼曼百貨商店也于上月報道了類似的入侵事件。 　　For crooks, there are rich pickings in such data. 　　對不法分子來說，這些數據有很大的利用價值。 　　Total global payment-card fraud losses were 11.3 billion in 2023, up nearly 15% from theprior year. 　　2023年，全球因支付卡詐騙造成的損失達到113億美元，比前一年增長了15%。 　　The United Statesthe only country in which counterfeit-card fraud is consistentlygrowingaccounted for 47% of that amount, according to the Nilson Report: card issuers lost3.4 billion and merchants another 1.9 billion. 　　美國作為全球唯一一個偽造卡詐騙不斷增加的國家，占到了其中的47%：根據尼爾森報告，持卡人的損失為34億美元，而商戶們則是19億美元。 　　A survey released in 2023 by the Aite Group and ACI Worldwide, a research and apayment-software firm respectively, found that 42% of Americans had experienced someform of payment-card fraud in the preceding five years. 　　研究公司Aite Group和支付軟件公司ACI Worldwide發布于2023年的一項調查結果顯示，42%的美國人在調查之前的5年中都遇到過支付卡詐騙。 　　Nor is it just Americans who are affected: foreigners whose card data is stolen often find thethieves have little trouble waltzing into stores and making purchases with ersatz cards. 　　當然受害的不僅僅是美國人：支付卡信息被盜取的外國顧客也經常發現不法分子輕而易舉地就能在商店里用仿制的支付卡進行購買。 　　Europeans rack up more losses in this way in America than in any other country. 　　歐洲顧客在美因此類手段而遭受的損失要超過在其他地區。 　　In part, fraudsters target the United States because that s where the cards are. 　　詐騙犯瞄準美國的一個原因是，大部分的支付卡都在這里。 　　At the end of 2023 there were 1.2 billion debit, credit and pre-paid cards in circulation inAmericamore than in any other region. 　　在2023年底，在美國流通的借記卡、信用卡和預付卡總數為12億超過任何其他地區。 　　That is nearly five cards per adult. 　　平均每個成年人擁有近5張支付卡。 　　But America also makes things easy for fraudsters: alone among developed countries, it stillrelies exclusively on cards with magnetic strips, which are far less secure than thechip-and-PIN technology used elsewhere. 　　同時美國也讓詐騙犯們更易得手：它是發達國家中唯一依然只使用卡片磁條作為安全手段的。 　　This combines a personal code with a microchip from which it is harder to extract data thana magnetic strip. 　　相比其他地區使用的芯片密碼技術，這要不安全得多。芯片密碼技術將個人密碼存儲在微芯片中，從中提取出信息要比從磁條中提取困難得多。 　　As of 2023, 45% of the world s payment cards and 76% of terminals were equipped to usechip-and-PIN. 　　截至2023年，全世界45%的支付卡和76%的支付終端裝備了使用芯片密碼的設備。 　　By 2011 this technology had brought some forms of card fraud in Britain to their lowest levelin two decades. 　　這項技術在2011年為英國將各種形式的支付卡詐騙降低到了20年中的最低水平。 　　The spread of chipped cards in Canada brought losses from skimmingstealing data fromcredit cardsfrom C142m in 2009 to C38.5m in 2023. 　　而在加拿大，芯片卡的普及也使盜取信用卡信息引起的損失從2009年的1億4200萬加元減少到了2023年的3850萬加元。 　　At a series of Senate hearings earlier this month, Target s CFO said it would spend 100m toroll out chip-and-PIN store-issued credit cards and payment devices that accept them. 　　本月早些時候，在一系列參議院聽證會上，塔吉特的財務總監表示該公司會斥資1億美元推行采用芯片密碼的商店發行信用卡以及相應的支付設備。 　　A consumer advocate urged other card issuers to do the same. 　　消費者呼吁其他支付卡發行商也采取類似措施。 　　Though the switch may cost issuers and merchants as much as 8 billion, interest at long lastappears to be growing. 　　雖然這樣做會給發行商與商戶們增加高達80億美元的開銷，但長期利益將不斷顯現。 　　Many of those costs may be recoverable over time through lower fraud losses. 　　這些花費中的大部分會通過降低詐騙導致的損失而得到補償。 　　Chip-and-PIN would also harmonise American and global standards, making it easier forAmericans to use their cards abroad and foreigners to use theirs in America. 　　芯片密碼技術還會統一美國和全球標準，利于美國民眾在境外以及國外顧客在美國境內刷卡消費。 　　It will make mobile payments easier. 　　這將使移動支付更為便利。 　　And because recent banking regulations have reduced the amount of money banks makefrom interchange fees on debit cards, issuers are looking to trim costs elsewhere. 　　由于銀行業中新出臺的法規使得銀行借記卡交換費的收入減少，支付卡發行方們正想方設法削減開支， 　　Fraud losses no longer seem as manageable as they once did. 　　而詐騙引起的損失看來沒有往日那樣容易控制了。 　　詞語解釋 　　1.account for 導致，引起 　　Do women account for more of today s affairs? 　　如今女性在婚外情中所占比例是不是更大? 　　Philosophers had long wondered how to account foressences. 　　長期以來，哲學家們困惑于如何說明這些本質。 　　2.according to 根據，按照 　　Again this is according to recently declassified information. 　　這也還是根據最近解密的信息得知的。 　　It did not go according to plan. 　　這個妥協方案并沒有按計劃執行。 　　3.rack up 在比賽中獲勝 　　Adding soy can also help you rack up protein. 　　增加大豆也能幫助你獲得蛋白質。 　　We use an online bill-paying service, and we buy almost everything by credit card so we canrack up mileage rewards. 　　我們使用一項網絡付賬服務，用信用卡買幾乎每件東西，因此我們可以累積里程獎勵。 　　4.credit card n.信用卡 　　Review your bank and credit card information regularly. 　　周期性檢查銀行和信用卡信息。 　　Well you can split it with another credit card. 　　那你可以用幾張卡里剩下的一起算。