2023復習正是強化復習階段，在考研英語中占了40分，所以考研英語閱讀是英語科目中重要的一項。名師老師曾建議過考研生需要堅持每天泛讀10-15分鐘的英文原刊。強烈推薦了雜志《經濟學人》.雜志中的文章也是考研英語的主要材料來源.希望考研考生認真閱讀，快速提高考研英語閱讀水平。 　　Structural reform in southern Europe 　　南歐的結構性改革 　　Patchy progress 　　進展參差不齊 　　Some signs of improvement. Must try harder 　　改革小有成效，同志仍需努力 　　CYPRUS is suffering a vicious recession as itstruggles to adjust after a huge banking crisis.Despite its ailing economy a cab ride from the airport at Larnaca to Nicosiaa journey thattakes around 40 minutescosts 50. Such high fares, reflecting the power of the taxi trade,hinder the country s attempts to rekindle its tourist industry. 　　銀行業大危機之后，塞浦路斯陷入惡性經濟衰退，調整步伐舉步維艱。盡管經濟疲軟，從機場到尼科西亞一段40分鐘左右的的士車程卻高達50歐元。如此高價折射了的士業界的力量，從而阻礙了塞浦路斯重振旅游業的種種努力。 　　Reforms to tackle these kinds of uncompetitive markets are vital if the beleagueredcountries of southern Europe are to be able to survive in the euro area. By making wagesand prices more flexible, they allow countries like Spain and Portugal that have lostcompetitiveness to regain it even though they can no longer devalue against theireuro-zone trading partners. They also hold out the promise of higher growth, which is vital ifthey are to shrug off heavy debt burdens. Four years after the euro crisis began with the firstGreek bail-out, what has been achieved? 　　如果陷入困境的南歐國家想要在歐元區內生存下去，解決這類競爭力缺乏的改革至關重要。雖然像西班牙和葡萄牙這類失去競爭力的國家不能再對歐元區貿易伙伴貶值，但只要通過更為靈活的工資和價格，它們就可以恢復競爭力。這些國家還承諾取得更高的增長，這對擺脫沉重債務至關重要。以希臘首次救市開始的歐債危機過去四年后，它們的成果如何? 　　Assessing the scale and effectiveness of reforms is hard, not least since they tackle amultitude of sins. There are three main categories: enhancing competition, especially inservices; promoting business activity rather than stifling it; and overhauling labour markets.In practice a determined effort to improve performance involves reforms acrossgovernment. In Portugal, for example, 400 measures have been introduced in the past threeyears. 　　由于涉及層面紛繁復雜，評估改革的規模和效益非常困難。改革主要涉及三大方面：提高競爭力，特別是服務業的競爭力;促進，而非扼殺，商業活動;對勞動力市場全面改進。在實踐中，各國提高經濟表現的堅定努力還包括了整個政府的改革。例如，過去三年在葡萄牙就有400個新措施出臺。 　　One gauge of progress in southern Europe is the World Bank s Doing Business survey. Thisannual study, covering over 180 economies, monitors regulation from the perspective ofsmall and medium-sized companies. Its overall index has ten components, ranging from theease of founding a company to how readily contracts can be enforced. Countries are rankedaccording to how light the burden of regulation is, as measured by the number ofprocedures involved and their cost. Other factors include how easily firms can access creditand how well they protect outside investors. A lack of regulation is not deemed a strength;rather the focus is on efficient regulation. 　　世界銀行的營商環境報告的調查是南歐國家的進展的衡量之一。這項年度研究從中小型企業的角度監測政府管制，范圍涵蓋超過180個經濟體。其整體指數由十部分組成，包括創辦公司和執行合同的難易程度。政府管制由這些活動所涉及的程序和成本數量構成，各個國家據此排名。其他因素還包括企業取得信貸的難易程度以及他們保護外部投資者的能力。這項研究的聚焦點在于有效監管政府監管制度的缺乏并未被視作可取之處。 　　The findings suggest that progress has been made in southern Europe but that it has beenpatchy both between different countries and within them. Between mid-2009, before the eurocrisis took hold, and mid-2023 Greece s rank improved from 109 to 72. Portugal has alsogained ground, from 48 to 31. Advances by Italy and Spain have been less marked, andFrance has actually slipped down the rankings, from 31 to 38. 　　研究結果表明，南歐改革已經小有成效，但在不同國家，以及同一國家的不同地區之間，進展參差不齊。在歐元危機爆發前的2009年中期和2023年中期之間，希臘的排名從109上升到了72。 葡萄牙也有所斬獲，從48上升到了31。意大利和西班牙則差強人意，而法國則干脆從31下降到了38名。 　　Even where progress has been made there is cause for concern. Greece may have improvedits ranking the most, but that was from a desperately poor starting-point. Its currentperformance remains extremely disappointing within some crucial categories. It ranked161st in the world as a place to register property easily, a handicap for a country urgentlyneeding to encourage inward investment. Another concern is its 98th-place finish for theease of enforcing contracts, a crucial condition for firms to flourish. 　　即使在小有成效的國家，情況也令人擔憂。盡管希臘在排名上進步喜人，但是其起點卻是出奇的低。在一些關鍵的方面，它的表現依舊極其令人失望。在登記財產的難易程度方面，希臘僅排全球第106位，而這是一個迫切需要鼓勵外來投資的國家的掣肘。還叫人憂心忡忡的是，執行合同的難易程度是企業蓬勃發展的關鍵之一，其排名僅居全球第98名。 　　Such patchiness is widespread. The mountain that Matteo Renzi, Italy s new primeminister, must climb is clear from his country s performance. Its overall rank is dismalenough, at 65. But Italy is even farther down the league table for the tax burden onbusinesses; ease of getting construction permits; credit access; and enforcing contracts .Spain ranks particularly poorly as a place to start a business, at 142. That is a worry becauseresearch has established a strong link, unsurprisingly, between the regulatory ease ofstarting a business and how many are actually set up. 　　這種進展參差不齊的問題廣泛存在。從意大利的表現來看，其新任總理利瑪竇壬茲任重而道遠。意大利的整體表現可謂慘淡，僅居65位;而在企業賦稅，取得施工許可，獲取信貸和執行合同方面的排名則更為糟糕。西班牙在創辦公司指標的表現尤其糟糕。研究已經毫無懸念地指出，創業監管難易度和新企業數量之間聯系緊密，因此如此情形令人擔心。 　　The World Bank s index does not include the impact on firms of employment regulations. Butother evidence suggests similarly patchy progress on labour-market reforms in southernEurope. Despite overhauls in Portugal and Spain, southern Europe still suffers from bifurcatedmarkets, in which the gap between insiders on cosy, permanent contracts and outsidersemployed on a temporary basis is particularly pronounced. With so much yet to be done itis worrying that the pace of reform already seems to be slackening. 　　世界銀行的指標并不包括就業法規對企業的影響。但其他證據表明了，南歐勞動力市場的改革同樣參差不齊。盡管在葡萄牙和西班牙對勞動力市場的改革可謂大刀闊斧，南歐市場依舊苦于分化嚴重，特別是一方面自己人高枕穩定的長期合同，而另一方面外來人雇傭于臨時合同，差距尤為顯著。由于未來依舊任重而道遠，目前已經放緩的改革步伐叫人憂心忡忡。 　　詞語解釋 　　1.struggle to 斗爭 　　Regulators would struggle to do any better. 　　規制者很難做得更好。 　　Companies in developing nations still struggle tobolster balance sheets by raising equity. 　　發展中國家的企業仍很難通過籌集股本為資產負債表提供支持。 　　2.attempt to 嘗試，企圖 　　The search leader s latest move is an attempt to extend its reach further. 　　近期，谷歌又試圖進一步擴大版圖。 　　As nations attempt to grow into economies like japan, losses will only increase. 　　隨著相關國家試圖成長為類似日本這樣的經濟體，損失只會有增無減。 　　3.shrug off 擺脫 　　Most importantly, shrug off any shoulds . 　　最重要的是，擺脫任何可能性。 　　Unfortunately we often shrug off this dizzying intricacy searching instead for the simplestof correlations. 　　然而不幸的是，我們常常對錯綜復雜的東西不屑一顧，轉而去尋找最簡單的相關性。 　　4.according to 根據，按照;據所說 　　All firsts in a car, according to gm. 　　據通用公司表示，這些都是汽車史上的頭一遭。 　　According to weiner, product teams will continue to crank. 　　據韋納爾表示，產品團隊將繼續發揮奇思妙想。

　　2023復習正是強化復習階段，在考研英語中占了40分，所以考研英語閱讀是英語科目中重要的一項。名師老師曾建議過考研生需要堅持每天泛讀10-15分鐘的英文原刊。強烈推薦了雜志《經濟學人》.雜志中的文章也是考研英語的主要材料來源.希望考研考生認真閱讀，快速提高考研英語閱讀水平。 　　Structural reform in southern Europe 　　南歐的結構性改革 　　Patchy progress 　　進展參差不齊 　　Some signs of improvement. Must try harder 　　改革小有成效，同志仍需努力 　　CYPRUS is suffering a vicious recession as itstruggles to adjust after a huge banking crisis.Despite its ailing economy a cab ride from the airport at Larnaca to Nicosiaa journey thattakes around 40 minutescosts 50. Such high fares, reflecting the power of the taxi trade,hinder the country s attempts to rekindle its tourist industry. 　　銀行業大危機之后，塞浦路斯陷入惡性經濟衰退，調整步伐舉步維艱。盡管經濟疲軟，從機場到尼科西亞一段40分鐘左右的的士車程卻高達50歐元。如此高價折射了的士業界的力量，從而阻礙了塞浦路斯重振旅游業的種種努力。 　　Reforms to tackle these kinds of uncompetitive markets are vital if the beleagueredcountries of southern Europe are to be able to survive in the euro area. By making wagesand prices more flexible, they allow countries like Spain and Portugal that have lostcompetitiveness to regain it even though they can no longer devalue against theireuro-zone trading partners. They also hold out the promise of higher growth, which is vital ifthey are to shrug off heavy debt burdens. Four years after the euro crisis began with the firstGreek bail-out, what has been achieved? 　　如果陷入困境的南歐國家想要在歐元區內生存下去，解決這類競爭力缺乏的改革至關重要。雖然像西班牙和葡萄牙這類失去競爭力的國家不能再對歐元區貿易伙伴貶值，但只要通過更為靈活的工資和價格，它們就可以恢復競爭力。這些國家還承諾取得更高的增長，這對擺脫沉重債務至關重要。以希臘首次救市開始的歐債危機過去四年后，它們的成果如何? 　　Assessing the scale and effectiveness of reforms is hard, not least since they tackle amultitude of sins. There are three main categories: enhancing competition, especially inservices; promoting business activity rather than stifling it; and overhauling labour markets.In practice a determined effort to improve performance involves reforms acrossgovernment. In Portugal, for example, 400 measures have been introduced in the past threeyears. 　　由于涉及層面紛繁復雜，評估改革的規模和效益非常困難。改革主要涉及三大方面：提高競爭力，特別是服務業的競爭力;促進，而非扼殺，商業活動;對勞動力市場全面改進。在實踐中，各國提高經濟表現的堅定努力還包括了整個政府的改革。例如，過去三年在葡萄牙就有400個新措施出臺。 　　One gauge of progress in southern Europe is the World Bank s Doing Business survey. Thisannual study, covering over 180 economies, monitors regulation from the perspective ofsmall and medium-sized companies. Its overall index has ten components, ranging from theease of founding a company to how readily contracts can be enforced. Countries are rankedaccording to how light the burden of regulation is, as measured by the number ofprocedures involved and their cost. Other factors include how easily firms can access creditand how well they protect outside investors. A lack of regulation is not deemed a strength;rather the focus is on efficient regulation. 　　世界銀行的營商環境報告的調查是南歐國家的進展的衡量之一。這項年度研究從中小型企業的角度監測政府管制，范圍涵蓋超過180個經濟體。其整體指數由十部分組成，包括創辦公司和執行合同的難易程度。政府管制由這些活動所涉及的程序和成本數量構成，各個國家據此排名。其他因素還包括企業取得信貸的難易程度以及他們保護外部投資者的能力。這項研究的聚焦點在于有效監管政府監管制度的缺乏并未被視作可取之處。 　　The findings suggest that progress has been made in southern Europe but that it has beenpatchy both between different countries and within them. Between mid-2009, before the eurocrisis took hold, and mid-2023 Greece s rank improved from 109 to 72. Portugal has alsogained ground, from 48 to 31. Advances by Italy and Spain have been less marked, andFrance has actually slipped down the rankings, from 31 to 38. 　　研究結果表明，南歐改革已經小有成效，但在不同國家，以及同一國家的不同地區之間，進展參差不齊。在歐元危機爆發前的2009年中期和2023年中期之間，希臘的排名從109上升到了72。 葡萄牙也有所斬獲，從48上升到了31。意大利和西班牙則差強人意，而法國則干脆從31下降到了38名。 　　Even where progress has been made there is cause for concern. Greece may have improvedits ranking the most, but that was from a desperately poor starting-point. Its currentperformance remains extremely disappointing within some crucial categories. It ranked161st in the world as a place to register property easily, a handicap for a country urgentlyneeding to encourage inward investment. Another concern is its 98th-place finish for theease of enforcing contracts, a crucial condition for firms to flourish. 　　即使在小有成效的國家，情況也令人擔憂。盡管希臘在排名上進步喜人，但是其起點卻是出奇的低。在一些關鍵的方面，它的表現依舊極其令人失望。在登記財產的難易程度方面，希臘僅排全球第106位，而這是一個迫切需要鼓勵外來投資的國家的掣肘。還叫人憂心忡忡的是，執行合同的難易程度是企業蓬勃發展的關鍵之一，其排名僅居全球第98名。 　　Such patchiness is widespread. The mountain that Matteo Renzi, Italy s new primeminister, must climb is clear from his country s performance. Its overall rank is dismalenough, at 65. But Italy is even farther down the league table for the tax burden onbusinesses; ease of getting construction permits; credit access; and enforcing contracts .Spain ranks particularly poorly as a place to start a business, at 142. That is a worry becauseresearch has established a strong link, unsurprisingly, between the regulatory ease ofstarting a business and how many are actually set up. 　　這種進展參差不齊的問題廣泛存在。從意大利的表現來看，其新任總理利瑪竇壬茲任重而道遠。意大利的整體表現可謂慘淡，僅居65位;而在企業賦稅，取得施工許可，獲取信貸和執行合同方面的排名則更為糟糕。西班牙在創辦公司指標的表現尤其糟糕。研究已經毫無懸念地指出，創業監管難易度和新企業數量之間聯系緊密，因此如此情形令人擔心。 　　The World Bank s index does not include the impact on firms of employment regulations. Butother evidence suggests similarly patchy progress on labour-market reforms in southernEurope. Despite overhauls in Portugal and Spain, southern Europe still suffers from bifurcatedmarkets, in which the gap between insiders on cosy, permanent contracts and outsidersemployed on a temporary basis is particularly pronounced. With so much yet to be done itis worrying that the pace of reform already seems to be slackening. 　　世界銀行的指標并不包括就業法規對企業的影響。但其他證據表明了，南歐勞動力市場的改革同樣參差不齊。盡管在葡萄牙和西班牙對勞動力市場的改革可謂大刀闊斧，南歐市場依舊苦于分化嚴重，特別是一方面自己人高枕穩定的長期合同，而另一方面外來人雇傭于臨時合同，差距尤為顯著。由于未來依舊任重而道遠，目前已經放緩的改革步伐叫人憂心忡忡。 　　詞語解釋 　　1.struggle to 斗爭 　　Regulators would struggle to do any better. 　　規制者很難做得更好。 　　Companies in developing nations still struggle tobolster balance sheets by raising equity. 　　發展中國家的企業仍很難通過籌集股本為資產負債表提供支持。 　　2.attempt to 嘗試，企圖 　　The search leader s latest move is an attempt to extend its reach further. 　　近期，谷歌又試圖進一步擴大版圖。 　　As nations attempt to grow into economies like japan, losses will only increase. 　　隨著相關國家試圖成長為類似日本這樣的經濟體，損失只會有增無減。 　　3.shrug off 擺脫 　　Most importantly, shrug off any shoulds . 　　最重要的是，擺脫任何可能性。 　　Unfortunately we often shrug off this dizzying intricacy searching instead for the simplestof correlations. 　　然而不幸的是，我們常常對錯綜復雜的東西不屑一顧，轉而去尋找最簡單的相關性。 　　4.according to 根據，按照;據所說 　　All firsts in a car, according to gm. 　　據通用公司表示，這些都是汽車史上的頭一遭。 　　According to weiner, product teams will continue to crank. 　　據韋納爾表示，產品團隊將繼續發揮奇思妙想。